Web content usage behavior: a case study of a university in Sub-Saharan Africa

This study characterizes the behavior of students in one of the Sub-Saharan Africa universities with respect to usage of valuable, but expensive Internet resources in a developing economy. Traffic allocation to web domains was compared with known statistical distributions such as Zipf and Stretched exponential distributions. Observed results show that traffic allocation follows stretched exponential distribution and that students use only small fraction of traffic for actual education activities and the rest of the traffic is associated with video services and social networks. The cumulative results from male and female students’ hostels show gender differences in browsing habits. More importantly, actual usage is at variance with the surveys conducted by OFCOM in UK and those conducted among students at the university, thus showing that usage patterns significantly differ from surveys result and between the users in advanced and developing economies

Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research

This paper reviews the published articles on eTourism in the past 20 years. Using a wide variety of sources, mainly in the tourism literature, this paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes prior studies in the context of Internet applications to Tourism. The paper also projects future developments in eTourism and demonstrates critical changes that will influence the tourism industry structure. A major contribution of this paper is its overview of the research and development efforts that have been endeavoured in the field, and the challenges that tourism researchers are, and will be, facing

Ресурсоэффективность в бурении скважин

В результате научно-технического прогресса возникают новые альтернативные способы использования ресурсов, добычи полезных ископаемых. В статье авторы рассматривают традиционный и инновационный методы бурения скважин, проводят сравнение и оценку этих методов с точки зрения ресурсоэффективности. Описывается электроимпульсный метод разрушения горных пород, разработанный учеными ТПУ

Michelle Odinma

https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/faculty-institute-images/1066/thumbnail.jp

The Forgotten African Roots of Christianity

This week on Advent Next, a theological podcast for curious faith discussions, we are exploring the contributions of non-western African Christianity to the foundations of Christian faith. We will also be discussing the African-American religious experience with Christianity during the span of slavery in the United States. This week’s recommended reading is a book by Thomas Oden entitled “How Africa Shaped the Christian Mind: Rediscovering the African Seedbed of Western Christianity.” Our guest today is Dr. Trevor O’Reggio, chair of the history department at Andrews University and a specialist on Reformation History. African Intellectual Contributions “The greatest center of early Christianity was an Afro-Asiatic city, Alexandria. This is where the great early theologians of the church were centered. Athanasius, Alexander, Tertullian, and origin, even Augustine himself, the father of medieval theology, almost all of them are African.” Some of the greatest intellectual contributors to our modern understanding of Christianity, including the Trinity and the divinity of Christ, came from the African fathers of the faith. “When we come to the New Testament, we know that the first non-Jewish convert to the early church is African who then takes the religion back into Africa. When we look at the actual development of the early church, we see that this was primarily an African/Asian (modern Turkey) religion.” The Movement of Christianity from East to West We not only discuss the dominance of eastern Christianity in the early centuries, we also discuss how Christianity became a religion of the east, to a religion of the west. “[Christianity] began to move toward the west and the north with the ascension of Constantinople. If you recall when Constantine took over the empire, he moved from the west, and he made Constantinople in Turkey his new capital. Since there were many varieties of Christianity, he tended to give preference to a certain brand of Christianity, which is going to emerge and control what we call Western Christianity.” With the rise of Constantine and the preference he gave to the bishop of Rome, western Christianity began to ascend to power. However, it wasn’t until around 1000AD that Christianity in the east began to lose power due to the rise of Islam. “As Christianity was taken over in the west by the bishop of Rome, there was another Christianity in the east and in the south, which was thriving. But with the rise and emergence of Islam, that Christianity, which was very strong in the countries I identified (Morocoo, Tunsia, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan) would eventually be replaced by Islam.” A Slave’s Introduction to Christianity in America Finally, we explore how Christianity had been shaped by its European baptism, along with how it was used to justify the enslavement of Africans in America. While this was never the Bible’s original intention, the culture in which Christianity had preeminence influenced the way it was interpreted. “By the time the American Christians came to the Americas, Christianty and Western culture had become one. Western culture had essentially co-opted Christianity. Christianity was now being interpreted primarily by the eyes of Europeans. Essentially it was a Eurocentric religion.” “A religion that essentially says to you, your place as a slave has been foreordained by the gods of Christianity. This was not a religion that was receptive to African slaves. The religion was reinforcing their status as slave and saying that the god of the Christians was in agreement and condoned the enslavement of Africans in the Americas. The religion became a tool to justify slavery, a tool to try to pacify slaves to make them more obedient and servile to their white masters.” “The turning point for slaves in the introduction to Christianity took place during the Great Awakening. For the first time black slaves responded in great numbers to the Christian message. Revivals tend to break down barriers. This was the first context in which large groups of whites and blacks met together.

The African-American Religious Experience

“We know from Christianity that a person cannot address issues of reconciliation and forgiveness unless, first of all, they acknowledge that they have committed a wrong.” Moving forward on race relations in the church is a difficult conversation to navigate, especially within this political climate. What does it mean to be both black and Christian in America? This week on Advent Next, we are continuing our discussion with Dr. Trevor O’Reggio to talk about the history of the African-American Religious experience in America as well as solutions on how to improve race relations in the church. If you didn’t listen to last week’s episode, check out our discussion with Dr. Trevor O’Reggio on the history of African Christianity and the contributions of African Intellectualism to western theology. Moving forward through history, we’re continuing our discussion with Dr. O’Reggio, on the African American religious experience. We also end our show today with a special guest appearance from Andrew Ashley, the director, and producer of the documentary “the Wound,” in which he investigates the history of race relations in the church as well as what we are doing today to move the conversation forward