A study of the relationship between the organizational climate and pupil control ideology ...

The results indicated that: (1) There were no significant relationships between the sampled Iranian teachers' and administrators' mean scores, respectively, on pupil control ideologies and their perceptions of their school climate, based on the Openness Index of the climate; nor between their mean scores on pupil control ideologies and the eight dimensions of the school climate. (2) There were no significant differences between the mean scores of administrators' perceptions of their school's climate; nor between their mean scores on their pupil control ideologies within the eight different groups included in relation to the geographical location, students' gender, and grade levels of the schools. (3) Significant differences were found between the mean scores of teachers' perceptions of their school climate within the eight different groups included in relation to the geographical locations of the schools. (4) Significant differences were found between the mean scores of teachers' pupil control ideologies within the eight different groups included in relation to the gender of students attending the schools.This study was undertaken to: (1) identify the organizational climates of the Public Secondary Schools (Middle and High) in the city of Shiraz, Iran, and its related outlying areas; (2) investigate pupil control ideology of these schools' professional staffs; (3) discover possible relationships between the schools' climate and the Pupil Control Ideology of their professional staffs; and (4) examine if the schools' professional staffs' perceptions of their school climate and their pupil control ideologies are influenced by the: grade levels, students' gender, and schools' geographical locations.On the basis of these findings it was concluded that: the sampled Iranian teachers' perceptions of their schools climate are significantly affected by the geographical location of the schools; and their pupil control ideologies seemed to be affected by the gender of the students they taught.Eight major null hypotheses were formulated to be tested. The Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire Form IV, and the Pupil Control Ideology Form were distributed among 435 randomly selected Iranian Public Schools' educators in Thirty-Seven selected schools in Shiraz Township. 424 completed and usable returned questionnaires were analyzed by means of three-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation techniques, using the Statistical Analysis System computer program

Investigating Physical Processes Associated With Chesapeake Bay and Changjiang Estuary

Coastal and estuaries are landforms that not only have great impacts on large marine ecosystem, but also play a significant role in moderating or aggravating natural hazards and erosion risks that are expected to increase with climate change. This dissertation explores some of the concerns associated with coasts and coastal systems. In the second chapter, a thirty seven year wave hindcast (1979-2015) in Chesapeake Bay using NCEP\u27s Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) wind is presented. The long-term significant wave heights are generated by the third-generation nearshore wave model SWAN, which is validated using the wave height measurements at buoy stations inside the bay. Validation results show a good agreement between simulations and measurements. Statistical analyses on the simulated wave heights are carried out. Firstly, an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis is performed to study the temporal and spatial variability of significant wave heights in the bay. Secondly, the long-term changing trends of extreme wave heights are examined using regression analysis and empirical cumulative distribution function approach, which reveal a steady increase of extreme wave heights in most parts of the Chesapeake Bay in the past several decades. Finally, extreme value analyses based on generalized extreme value and generalized Pareto distribution functions are applied to evaluate design wave heights with different return periods. The effects of key parameters including threshold value, time span and data length on the design wave heights are extensively studied. Through the comparisons of different distribution functions evaluated by Bayesian Information Criterion and Akaike Information Criterion, it is found that Gamma distribution function and generalized extreme value analysis provide the best fit for annual and monthly data, while generalized Pareto distribution function gives the best fit when peak-over-threshold analysis is conducted. In the third chapter, sediment deposition in the north passage of the Changjiang Estuary, where the Deep-water Navigation Channel (DNC) is located, has been studied. To understand the suspended sediment dynamics and the effects of sediment-induced stratification on sediment flux in the navigational channel, field data on tidal ow and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) are collected and analyzed in this study. It is shown that net sediment transport is dominated by ebb currents in the study area. The net sediment flux is generally toward the ocean and the maximum value is found to be in the middle reach of the passage. In the lower reach of the passage, the net sediment flux is landward in the lower layer and seaward in the upper layer of the water column due to the two-layer feature of the estuarine circulation. Advective flux plays a significant role in transport of sediment in upper and middle reach of the passage by carrying 70~100% of the suspended sediment. However, this amount is reduced to 30~60% in lower reach of the passage where tidal effects become more important. The suspended sediment induced stratification in the north passage is examined by calculating eddy viscosity. It is found that suspended sediment can reduce eddy viscosity by 10~30%. The highest depth-averaged SSC is located in the middle reach of the north passage, where the averaged SSC is 4~15 times higher than that in the upper reach. In this region, bed shear stress is larger at ebb while SSC is higher at food. It is inferred that suspended sediments in the DNC during food are partially transported from a neighboring shoal, which plays an important role in sediment dynamics in the north passage

Vademecum-based GFEM (V-GFEM): optimal enrichment for transient problems

This is the accepted version of the following article: [Canales, D., Leygue, A., Chinesta, F., González, D., Cueto, E., Feulvarch, E., Bergheau, J. -M., and Huerta, A. (2016) Vademecum-based GFEM (V-GFEM): optimal enrichment for transient problems. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng, 108: 971–989. doi: 10.1002/nme.5240.], which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nme.5240/fullThis paper proposes a generalized finite element method based on the use of parametric solutions as enrichment functions. These parametric solutions are precomputed off-line and stored in memory in the form of a computational vademecum so that they can be used on-line with negligible cost. This renders a more efficient computational method than traditional finite element methods at performing simulations of processes. One key issue of the proposed method is the efficient computation of the parametric enrichments. These are computed and efficiently stored in memory by employing proper generalized decompositions. Although the presented method can be broadly applied, it is particularly well suited in manufacturing processes involving localized physics that depend on many parameters, such as welding. After introducing the vademecum-generalized finite element method formulation, we present some numerical examples related to the simulation of thermal models encountered in welding processes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Bridging Proper Orthogonal Decomposition methods and augmented Newton-Krylov algorithms: an adaptive model order reduction for highly nonlinear mechanical problems

This article describes a bridge between POD-based model order reduction techniques and the classical Newton/Krylov solvers. This bridge is used to derive an efficient algorithm to correct, "on-the-fly", the reduced order modelling of highly nonlinear problems undergoing strong topological changes. Damage initiation problems are addressed and tackle via a corrected hyperreduction method. It is shown that the relevancy of reduced order model can be significantly improved with reasonable additional costs when using this algorithm, even when strong topological changes are involved

A partitioned model order reduction approach to rationalise computational expenses in multiscale fracture mechanics

We propose in this paper an adaptive reduced order modelling technique based on domain partitioning for parametric problems of fracture. We show that coupling domain decomposition and projection-based model order reduction permits to focus the numerical effort where it is most needed: around the zones where damage propagates. No \textit{a priori} knowledge of the damage pattern is required, the extraction of the corresponding spatial regions being based solely on algebra. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated numerically with an example relevant to engineering fracture.Comment: Submitted for publication in CMAM

Model reduction in the back step fluid–thermal problem with variable geometry

A methodology is presented to undertake the development of reduced-order models (ROMs) in variable geometry fluid–thermal problems using the method of snapshots. First, some snapshots are calculated in computational domains that vary in both shape and number of grid points. These snapshots are projected onto a so-called virtual grid (defined in a virtual geometry) using a smooth transformation. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes are obtained from the associated virtual snapshots and projected back onto the original grids, where they are used to define expansions of the flow variables. The associated POD mode amplitudes are obtained minimizing a residual, which is calculated in terms of the reconstructed solution. POD modes are calculated using only a part of the computational domain, which will be called the projection window, and the residual is defined using only a limited number of points of the computational domain. This methodology is illustrated addressing the problem of heat transfer downstream of a backward facing step in the 2-D steady, laminar regime, with three free parameters, namely the Reynolds number, the wall temperature, and the step height

Model reduction by separation of variables: A comparison between hierarchical model reduction and proper generalized decomposition

Hierarchical Model reduction and Proper Generalized Decomposition both exploit separation of variables to perform a model reduction. After setting the basics, we exemplify these techniques on some standard elliptic problems to highlight pros and cons of the two procedures, both from a methodological and a numerical viewpoint