Simulation numérique des transferts thermiques dans une serre agricole chauffée par un bloc solide isotherme

International audienceLes effets provoqués par le transfert thermique radiatif sur la distribution de température, l'écoulement d'air et le transfert de chaleur dans une serre contenant un bloc solide carré, isotherme et chaud, sont étudiés numériquement. Les équations différentielles gouvernant le système sont discrétisées à l'aide d'une méthode des volumes finis et le couplage pression-vitesse est traité par l'algorithme SIMPLER. Les systèmes algébriques obtenus sont résolus par la méthode des gradients conjugués. La serre est supposée de rapport de forme A=2, et les résultats sont présentés en termes d'isothermes, de lignes de courant et de nombre de Nusselt pour des nombres de Rayleigh compris entre 103 et 106

Modélisation des transferts thermiques couplés à l'aide de la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau

Dans cette communication, nous présentons un schéma numérique hybride pour simuler l'interaction entre la convection naturelle et le rayonnement surfacique dans une cavité rectangulaire différentiellement chauffée. Les parois verticales de la cavité sont adiabatiques, tandis que ses parois horizontales supérieure et inférieure sont respectivement froide et chaude. Les vitesses sont déterminées par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau et l'équation de l'énergie est discrétisée à l'aide de la méthode des volumes finis. Les systèmes algébriques obtenus sont résolus par la méthode des gradients conjugués. Seul le rayonnement surfacique est pris en compte et les surfaces radiatives sont supposées grises et isotropes en émission/réflexion

Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model for compressible fluids

We present an energy-conserving multiple-relaxation-time finite difference lattice Boltzmann model for compressible flows. This model is based on a 16-discrete-velocity model. The collision step is first calculated in the moment space and then mapped back to the velocity space. The moment space and corresponding transformation matrix are constructed according to the group representation theory. Equilibria of the nonconserved moments are chosen according to the need of recovering compressible Navier-Stokes equations through the Chapman-Enskog expansion. Numerical experiments showed that compressible flows with strong shocks can be well simulated by the present model. The used benchmark tests include (i) shock tubes, such as the Sod, Lax, Sjogreen, Colella explosion wave and collision of two strong shocks, (ii) regular and Mach shock reflections, and (iii) shock wave reaction on cylindrical bubble problems. The new model works for both low and high speeds compressible flows. It contains more physical information and has better numerical stability and accuracy than its single-relaxation-time version.Comment: 11 figures, Revte

The enerMENA Meteorological Network – Solar Radiation Measurements in the MENA Region

International audienceFor solar resource assessment of solar power plants and adjustment of satellite data, high accuracy measurement data of irradiance and ancillary meteorological data is needed. For the MENA region (Middle East and Northern Africa), which is of high importance for concentrating solar power applications, so far merely 2 publicly available ground measurement stations existed (BSRN network). This gap has been filled by ten stations in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan. In this publication the data quality is analyzed by evaluating data completeness and the cleanliness of irradiance sensors in comparison for all of the stations. The pyrheliometers have an average cleanliness of 99.2 % for week-daily cleaning. This is a 5 times higher effort than for Rotating Shadowband Irradiometer (RSI) stations which even have a slightly higher average cleanliness of 99.3 % for weekly cleaning. Furthermore, RSI stations show a data completeness of 99.4 % compared to 93.6 % at the stations equipped with thermal sensors. The results of this analysis are used to derive conclusions concerning instrument choice and are hence also applicable to other solar radiation measurements outside the enerMENA network. It turns out that RSIs are the more reliable and robust choice in cases of high soiling, rare station visits for cleaning and maintenance, as usual in desert sites. Furthermore, annual direct normal and global horizontal irradiation as well as average meteorological parameters are calculated for all of the stations

A review of phase change heat transfer in shape-stabilized phase change materials (ss-PCMs) based on porous supports for thermal energy storage

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) uses phase change materials (PCMs) to store and release heat, and can effectively address the mismatch between energy supply and demand. However, it suffers from low thermal conductivity and the leakage problem. One of the solutions is integrating porous supports and PCMs to fabricate shape-stabilized phase change materials (ss-PCMs). The phase change heat transfer in porous ss-PCMs is of fundamental importance for determining thermal-fluidic behaviours and evaluating LHTES system performance. This paper reviews the recent experimental and numerical investigations on phase change heat transfer in porous ss-PCMs. Materials, methods, apparatuses and significant outcomes are included in the section of experimental studies and it is found that paraffin and metal foam are the most used PCM and porous support respectively in the current researches. Numerical advances are reviewed from the aspect of different simulation methods. Compared to representative elementary volume (REV)-scale simulation, the pore-scale simulation can provide extra flow and heat transfer characteristics in pores, exhibiting great potential for the simulation of mesoporous, microporous and hierarchical porous materials. Moreover, there exists a research gap between phase change heat transfer and material preparation. Finally, this review outlooks the future research topics of phase change heat transfer in porous ss-PCMs

GPU Accelerated Multiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Convective Flows in a Porous Media

A two-dimensional (2D) multiple-relaxation-time (MRT)-lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used for porous media with the Brinkman–Forchheimer extended Darcy model to investigate the natural and mixed convection flows in a square cavity. This Brinkman–Forchheimer model is directly applied by using the forcing moments as a source term. A Tesla K40 NVIDIA graphics card has been used for the present graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel computing via compute unified device architecture (CUDA) C platform. The numerical results are presented in terms of velocity, temperature, streamlines, isotherms, and local and average Nusselt numbers. For the wide range of Rayleigh numbers, (Ra = 103 to 1010), Reynolds numbers, Darcy numbers, and porosities, the average Nusselt number is compared with the available results computed by finite element method (FEM) and single-relaxation-time (SRT) lattice Boltzmann method-LBM and, showing great compliance. The results are also validated with the previous experimental results. The simulations speed up to a maximum of 144x using CUDA C in GPU compared with the time of FORTRAN 90 code using a single core CPU simulation

Etude des besoins énergétiques du chauffage et du refroidissement d'un bâtiment administratif au Maroc.

Le gouvernement marocain vise à réaliser une économie d’énergie primaire d’environ 12%à l’horizon 2020 en mettant en place un plan d’efficacité énergétique dans les différents secteurs économiques. En effet, le secteur de bâtiment est un gros consommateur d’énergie, mais en même temps possède le plus fort potentiel d’amélioration de l’efficacité énergétique au Maroc. C’est dans cette perspective s’inscrit ce travail. En considérant un bâtiment administratif type, l’étude a été effectuée sous le logiciel TRNsys pour calculer le bilan énergétique (besoins annuelles de chauffage et de refroidissement) de cette construction qui ne contient pas des mesures d’efficacité énergétique dans les six zones climatiques du Maroc

CSP Sites Suitability Analysis in the Eastern Region of Morocco

AbstractMorocco in general and its eastern region in particular has become one of the target regions for investors in the field of solar energy, since it hosts the Ain Beni Mathar solar thermal power plant and it will host one of the five future CSP power plants fixed by MASEN (the Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy). Consequently, it is necessary to identify the most appropriate sites for the installation of the CSP power plants in this region with high precision to profit as much as possible from the solar resource. This paper presents some preliminary results aiming to highlight the suitable areas for the installation of CSP power plants in the eastern region of Morocco using ArcGIS software and a large land exclusion database with “high spatial resolution”. This database has been built based on data sets from governmental organizations and our knowledge about the details of the region. The solar map has been calculated using the hemispherical viewshed algorithm included in the ArcGIS environment. For each layer all spatial information on the defined exclusion criteria was overlaid and marks the non suitable places as white pixels. In a final step, all layers are overlaid and a final map was created showing the suitable and non suitable places. The results show that the eastern region of Morocco has a high suitability to host CSP power plants with more than 65% of its total surface fulfilling the criteria