Research Design of Psychophysiological Bases of the Status of Cognitive Overload

The theory of cognitive load is based on the widely accepted model of human information processing proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968 [1]. The state of cognitive overload will be considered for the first time simultaneously from the perspective of recording behavioral responses, brain activity, and autonomic manifestations.Теория когнитивной нагрузки основана на широко принятой модели обработки информации человеком, предложенной Ричардом Аткинсоном и Ричардом Шиффрином в 1968 году [1]. Состояние когнитивной перегрузки будет впервые рассмотрено одновременно с позиций регистрации поведенческих ответов, активности мозга и вегетативных проявлений

Когнитивная нейронаука: вызов времени

Original manuscript received February 26, 2020.Revised manuscript accepted March 30, 2020.The full text of the materials is presented in S. V. Popova & A. A. Pechenkina (Eds.) (2020). Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019: Materials of the International Forum. Yekaterinburg: UrFU. The International Forum “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019” was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project № 19‑013‑20191.Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg welco med participants of the II International Forum “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019” in November 2019. More than 300 Russian and foreign scientists took part in the Forum. A total 85 reports were presented. This article is the final report about the Forum. The article presents relevant research directions that have become the subject of discussion by the Forum participants, a scope of Forum research areas and prospects for the development of cognitive neuroscience in general.В ноябре 2019 г. на базе Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина в г. Екатеринбурге прошел II Международный форум по когнитивным нейронаукам “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019”. В работе форума участвовали более 300 российских и зарубежных ученых. Всего было представлено 85 докладов. В статье рассмотрены тематические направления работы форума. Представлены актуальные исследования, которые стали предметом обсуждения среди участников форума, проведен анализ работы разных направлений форума и сделаны выводы о дальнейших перспективах развития когнитивной нейронауки в целом

Pupillometry and electroencephalography in the digit span task

This dataset consists of raw 64-channel EEG, cardiovascular (electrocardiography and photoplethysmography), and pupillometry data from 86 human participants recorded during 4 minutes of eyes-closed resting and during performance of a classic working memory task – digit span task with serial recall. The participants either memorized or just listened to sequences of 5, 9, or 13 digits presented auditorily every 2 seconds. The dataset can be used for (1) developing algorithms for cognitive load discrimination and detection of cognitive overload; (2) studying neural (event-related potentials and brain oscillations) and peripheral (electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, and pupillometry) physiological signals during encoding and maintenance of each sequentially presented memory item; (3) correlating cognitive load and individual differences in working memory to neural and peripheral physiology, and studying the relationship between the physiological signals; (4) integration of the physiological findings with the vast knowledge coming from behavioral studies of verbal working memory in simple span paradigms. The data are shared in Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) format and freely available on OpenNeuro (https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds003838). © 2022, The Author(s).Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, MinobrnaukaThe research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) is gratefully acknowledged

INVESTIGATION OF SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMERIC MINERAL-FILLED COMPOSITES FOR MEDICINE

The polymer compositions on the base of acrylic derivatives and bentonite particles modified by silver ions with various share and dispersion are received and studied by radical polymerization in the water. Partially neutralized acrylic acid, acrylamide and methylene-bis-acrilamide and particles of bentonite with fraction 0 - 0,05 mass.% are chosen as initial substances. The influence of bentonite concentration on absorbing characteristics of polymer materials in the distilled water is shown. It is demonstrated that the increase of bentonite fraction up to 5 mass.% leads to the rise of degree of equilibrium swelling by 1,5 – 2 times in comparison with an unfilled polymer matrix. The acrylic nanocompositions with a mass fraction of bentonite equal to 0,01 mass.% possess the greatest kinetic characteristics. Kinetic dependences of new composite materials swelling in physiological solution from a filler dispersion part are investigated. It is shown that in high dispersion (with particle size less than 0,25 mm) a part of mineral–containing filler equal to 1 mass.% leads to significant increase in values of equilibrium swelling degree in comparison with an unfilled sample (by 1,5 times). The effect of polyelectrolyte suppression of polymer composition swelling in physiological solution is studied. It results in values reduction of equilibrium swelling degree in comparison with these values in the distilled water. Application prospects for the received compositions are shown at bandages creation for wounds treatment of various etiologies. Research results are recommended for usage in medical practice for optimization of wound process march

Pupillometric and Electroencephalographic Study of Cognitive Overload

В работе представлены результаты исследования трех физиологических маркеров когнитивной перегрузки: диаметр зрачка, мощность альфа- и тета-ритмов, а также поведенческие (успешность запоминания) показатели когнитивной перегрузки.This study presents such physiological markers of cognitive overload as pupil diameter, the power of alpha and theta rhythms, as well as its behavioral (successful memorization) indicators

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF COGNITIVE OVERLOAD BY PUPIL SIZE AND ELECTRICAL BRAIN ACTIVITY

Cognitive overload can be defined as the excess of information to be retained over the available working memory resources. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of such psychophysiological indicators as pupil diameter and rhythmic brain activity can help describe the mechanisms of cognitive overload.Когнитивная перегрузка может быть определена как превышение объема информации, который требуется удерживать, над объемом доступных ресурсов рабочей памяти. Сравнительный анализ динамики таких психофизиологических показателей как диаметр зрачка и ритмическая активность мозга может помочь описать механизмы возникновения когнитивной перегрузки

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AS FACTORS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN VERBAL WORKING MEMORY

The article presents a study of the relationship of executive functions, such as attention control and selective attention, with working memory capacity. The result of the study is a latent variables model that describes the relationship of these three constructs.В работе представлено исследование связи исполнительных функций, таких как контроль внимания и селективное внимание, с емкостью рабочей памяти. Результатом исследования является модель с латентными переменными, описывающая взаимосвязь трех конструктов

YAP1 Recruits c-Abl to Protect Angiomotin-Like 1 from Nedd4-Mediated Degradation

Tissue development and organ growth require constant remodeling of cell-cell contacts formed between epithelial cells. The Hippo signaling cascade curtails organ growth by excluding the transcriptional co-activator Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) from the nucleus. Angiomotin family members recruit YAP1 to tight junctions [1], but whether YAP1 plays a specific role outside of the nucleus is currently unknown.The present study demonstrates that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4.2 targets Angiomotin-like 1 (AMOTL1), a family member that promotes the formation of epithelial tight junctions, for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Unexpectedly, YAP1 antagonizes the function of Nedd4.2, and protects AMOTL1 against Nedd4.2-mediated degradation. YAP1 recruits c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase that binds and phosphorylates Nedd4.2 on tyrosine residues, thereby modifying its ubiquitin-ligase activity.Our results uncover a novel function for cytoplasmic YAP1. YAP1 recruits c-Abl to protect AMOTL1 against Nedd4.2-mediated degradation. Thus, YAP1, excluded from the nucleus, contributes to the maintenance of tight junctions

How ubiquitination regulates the TGF-β signalling pathway: New insights and new players

Ubiquitination of protein species in regulating signal transduction pathways is universally accepted as of fundamental importance for normal development, and defects in this process have been implicated in the progression of many human diseases. One pathway that has received much attention in this context is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) signalling, particularly during the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumour progression. While E3-ubiquitin ligases offer themselves as potential therapeutic targets, much remains to be unveiled regarding mechanisms that culminate in their regulation. With this in mind, the focus of this review highlights the regulation of the ubiquitination pathway and the significance of a recently described group of NEDD4 E3-ubiquitin ligase isoforms in the context of TGF-ß pathway regulation. Moreover, we now broaden these observations to incorporate a growing number of protein isoforms within the ubiquitin ligase superfamily as a whole, and discuss their relevance in defining a new ‘iso-ubiquitinome’