MISAFEME A.C: resultados de empresarios Solidarios

Lo que se pretende con este trabajo, es dar a conocer la forma en que el microcrédito ha permitido que personas emprendedoras con pocas oportunidades puedan llevar a cabo proyectos productivos y de esta forma mejorar notablemente sus condiciones de vida, dando pie a nuevas oportunidades a los miembros de su familia y a su comunidad en general. El trabajo está sustentado en la experiencia de más de una década trabajando en MISAFEME A.C; microfinanciera dedicada al otorgamiento de microcrédito y que además acompaña de la mano a los emprendedores con fomento a la cultura del ahorro, pero sobre todo como piedra angular está la capacitación continua en diferentes temas; que van desde el conocimiento teórico de cómo hacer negocio, las necesidades que enfrentan las comunidades o bien las mujeres jefes de familia

Two-dimensional plasmons in the random impedance network model of disordered thin-film nanocomposites

Random impedance networks are widely used as a model to describe plasmon resonances in disordered metal-dielectric nanocomposites. In order to study thin films, two-dimensional networks are often used despite the fact that such networks correspond to a two-dimensional electrodynamics [J.P. Clerc et al, J. Phys. A 29, 4781 (1996)]. In the present work, we propose a model of two-dimensional systems with three-dimensional Coulomb interaction and show that this model is equivalent to a planar network with long-range capacitive connections between sites. In a case of a metal film, we get a known dispersion $\omega \propto \sqrt{k}$ of plane-wave two-dimensional plasmons. In the framework of the proposed model, we study the evolution of resonances with decreasing of metal filling factor. In the subcritical region with metal filling $p$ lower than the percolation threshold $p_c$, we observe a gap with Lifshitz tails in the spectral density of states (DOS). In the supercritical region $p>p_c$, the DOS demonstrates a crossover between plane-wave two-dimensional plasmons and resonances associated with small clusters.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, revtex; references adde

¿Cuáles son los factores que influyen en los usuarios de asistentes de voz con inteligencia artificial (AIVA) para realizar consultas de información previo a la compra de productos y/o servicios?

Lograr entender a los consumidores, sus patrones y hábitos, ha sido una de las tareas más complicadas que han tenido las industrias a través de los años. Esto, ya que los individuos no son estáticos en sus gustos, intereses y necesidades. Por dicha razón, se planteó esta investigación donde se busca explicar la relevancia que tienen los asistentes de voz inteligente en el mercado de los bogotanos, preguntándose ¿Cuáles son los factores que influyen en los usuarios de asistentes de voz con inteligencia artificial (AIVA) para realizar consultas de información previo a la compra de productos y/o servicios? donde el objetivo general a poder resolver en la investigación era determinar cuáles son los factores que influyen en los Bogotanos frente a la adquisición de productos y/o servicios a través del uso de asistentes de voz con inteligencia artificial.Introducción ; Planteamiento del Problema ; Marco Teórico ; Objetivos ; Metodología de la Investigación ; Resultados ; Hallazgos ; Conclusiones ; Bibliografía ; Anexos ; Índice de Imágenes.Introducción ; Planteamiento del Problema ; Marco Teórico ; Objetivos ; Metodología de la Investigación ; Resultados ; Hallazgos ; Conclusiones ; Bibliografía ; Anexos ; Índice de Imágenes.Magíster en Dirección de Marketing, CESA.Getting to understand consumers, their patterns and habits, has been one of the most complicated tasks that industries have had over the years. This, since individuals are not static in their tastes, interests and needs. For this reason, this research was proposed where it seeks to explain the relevance of intelligent voice assistants in the Bogota market, wondering what are the factors that influence the users of voice assistants with artificial intelligence (AIVA) to Make inquiries for information prior to the purchase of products and/or services? where the general objective to be able to solve in the investigation was to determine what are the factors that influence Bogotanos in the acquisition of products and / or services through the use of voice assistants with artificial intelligence.Maestrí

Jusnaturalismo no direito colombiano

The discussion between morality and law provokes debates and legal positions that translate into iuspositivist and iusnaturalist currents. As society evolves, these conceptions change and should be reflected in legal institutions. The general objective of the research is to determine the nature and function of iusnaturalism in Colombian legislation. Accordingly, it is necessary to resort to the qualitative model for the purpose of understanding, interpreting and describing; desk research is adopted as a technique and the matrix as an instrument, based on authors and rulings. This contributes to achieving the specific objectives proposed in relation to establishing the nature of iusnaturalism, its evolution, recognition and function in Colombian law. Using discourse analysis, it is concluded that the role of iusnaturalism in Colombia is precarious; therefore, the proposed corrective measure is to position it as a preferential positive principle.La discusión entre la moral y el derecho suscita debates y posturas jurídicas que se traducen en las corrientes iuspositivistas y iusnaturalistas. Estas concepciones, a medida que la sociedad va evolucionando, cambian y deben reflejarse en las instituciones jurídicas. El objetivo general de la investigación fue determinar la naturaleza y la función del iusnaturalismo en la legislación colombiana. Para ello se hizo preciso recurrir al modelo cualitativo con la finalidad de comprender, interpretar y describir; se adoptó como técnica el análisis documental y como instrumento la matriz, según autores y sentencias. Esto permitió desarrollar los objetivos específicos propuestos, vinculados con el propósito de establecer la naturaleza del iusnaturalismo, su evolución, reconocimiento y función en el derecho colombiano. Por medio del análisis del discurso, se concluyó que la función del derecho natural en Colombia es precaria; la medida correctiva que se propone, por ende, es elevar a este a principio positivo de carácter preferente.A discussão sobre moral e direito provoca debates e posições jurídicas que se traduzem nas correntes juspositivistas e jusnaturalistas. Essas concepções, à medida que a sociedade vai evoluindo, mudam e devem se refletir nas instituições jurídicas. O objetivo geral da investigação foi determinar a natureza e a função do jusnaturalismo na legislação colombiana. Para isso, foi necessário recorrer ao modelo qualitativo para compreender, interpretar e descrever. A análise documental foi adotada como técnica e a matriz como instrumento, segundo autores e sentenças. Isso nos permitiu desenvolver os objetivos específicos propostos, vinculados ao propósito de estabelecer a natureza do jusnaturalismo, sua evolução, reconhecimento e função no direito colombiano. Através da análise do discurso, concluiu-se que a função do direito natural na Colômbia é precária. A medida corretiva proposta, portanto, é elevá-lo a um princípio positivo de natureza preferencial

Circulating MicroRNAs and myocardial involvement severity in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy.

Background Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCM) is characterized by a unique pathophysiology in which inflammatory, microvascular and neuroendocrine processes coalesce in the development of one of the most severe cardiomyopathies affecting humans. Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease, scarce information is available regarding microRNAs and clinical parameters of disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the association between circulating levels of six microRNAs with markers of myocardial injury and prognosis in this population. Methods Patients with CCM and reduced ejection fraction were included in a prospective exploratory cohort study. We assessed the association of natural log-transformed values of six circulating microRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-208a-5p, miR-185-5p, miR-223-5p, let-7d-5p, and miR-454-5p) with NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic variables using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. By using Cox Proportional Hazard models, we examined whether levels of microRNAs could predict a composite outcome (CO), including all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation, and implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Finally, for mRNAs showing significant associations, we predicted the target genes and performed pathway analyses using Targetscan and Reactome Pathway Browser. Results Seventy-four patients were included (59% males, median age: 64 years). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and heart failure medications, only increasing miR-223-5p relative expression levels were significantly associated with better myocardial function markers, including left atrium area (Coef. -10.2; 95% CI -16.35; -4.09), end-systolic (Coef. -45.3; 95% CI -74.06; -16.61) and end-diastolic volumes (Coef. -46.1; 95% CI -81.99; -10.26) of the left ventricle. Moreover, we observed that higher miR-223-5p levels were associated with better left-ventricle ejection fraction and lower NT-proBNP levels. No associations were observed between the six microRNAs and the composite outcome. A total of 123 target genes for miR-223-5p were obtained. From these, several target pathways mainly related to signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases were identified. Conclusions The present study found an association between miR-223-5p and clinical parameters of CCM, with signaling pathways related to receptor tyrosine kinases as a potential mechanism linking low levels of miR-223-5p with CCM worsening

Guinea Pig Oxygen-Sensing and Carotid Body Functional Properties

Mammals have developed different mechanisms to maintain oxygen supply to cells in response to hypoxia. One of those mechanisms, the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors, is able to detect physiological hypoxia and generate homeostatic reflex responses, mainly ventilatory and cardiovascular. It has been reported that guinea pigs, originally from the Andes, have a reduced ventilatory response to hypoxia compared to other mammals, implying that CB are not completely functional, which has been related to genetically/epigenetically determined poor hypoxia-driven CB reflex. This study was performed to check the guinea pig CB response to hypoxia compared to the well-known rat hypoxic response. These experiments have explored ventilatory parameters breathing different gases mixtures, cardiovascular responses to acute hypoxia, in vitro CB response to hypoxia and other stimuli and isolated guinea pig chemoreceptor cells properties. Our findings show that guinea pigs are hypotensive and have lower arterial pO2 than rats, probably related to a low sympathetic tone and high hemoglobin affinity. Those characteristics could represent a higher tolerance to hypoxic environment than other rodents. We also find that although CB are hypo-functional not showing chronic hypoxia sensitization, a small percentage of isolated carotid body chemoreceptor cells contain tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme and voltage-dependent K+ currents and therefore can be depolarized. However hypoxia does not modify intracellular Ca2+ levels or catecholamine secretion. Guinea pigs are able to hyperventilate only in response to intense acute hypoxic stimulus, but hypercapnic response is similar to rats. Whether other brain areas are also activated by hypoxia in guinea pigs remains to be studied

Criterios de implementación ISO 14001:2015 Caso estudio sector reciclaje, en Tunja.

Criterios de implementación ISO 14001:2015 Caso estudio sector reciclaje, en Tunja.El desarrollo del presente Estudio de caso tiene como objetivo principal realizar la auditoria interna de la norma NTC ISO 14001:2015 realizada a la empresa Recitunja, empresa que se dedica a la recolección, clasificación, transformación y comercialización de materiales aprovechables para su reciclaje.The main objective of this case study is to carry out the internal audit of the NTC ISO 14001: 2015 standard made to the company Recitunja, a company that is dedicated to the collection, classification, transformation and commercialization of usable materials for recycling

Albumin-induced apoptosis of tubular cells is modulated by BASP1

Albuminuria promotes tubular injury and cell death, and is associated with faster progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating tubular cell death in response to albuminuria are not fully understood. Brain abundant signal protein 1 (BASP1) was recently shown to mediate glucose-induced apoptosis in tubular cells. We have studied the role of BASP1 in albumin-induced tubular cell death. BASP1 expression was studied in experimental puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats and in human nephrotic syndrome. The role of BASP1 in albumin-induced apoptosis was studied in cultured human HK2 proximal tubular epithelial cells. Puromycin aminonucleoside induced proteinuria and increased total kidney BASP1 mRNA and protein expression. Immunohistochemistry localized the increased BASP1 to tubular cells. BASP1 expression colocalized with deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining for apoptotic cells. Increased tubular BASP1 expression was observed in human proteinuric nephropathy by immunohistochemistry, providing evidence for potential clinical relevance. In cultured tubular cells, albumin induced apoptosis and increased BASP1 mRNA and protein expression at 6–48 h. Confocal microscopy localized the increased BASP1 expression in albumin-treated cells mainly to the perinuclear area. A peripheral location near the cell membrane was more conspicuous in albumin-treated apoptotic cells, where it colocalized with actin. Inhibition of BASP1 expression by a BASP1 siRNA protected from albumin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, albumin-induced apoptosis in tubular cells is BASP1-dependent. This information may be used to design novel therapeutic approaches to slow CKD progression based on protection of tubular cells from the adverse consequences of albuminuriaGrant support: FIS PS09/00447, PI13/00047, CP14/ 00133, ISCIII-RETIC, REDinREN/RD06/0016/and RD012/0021 FEDER funds, Comunidad de Madrid/CIFRA S2010/BMD-2378. Salary support: FIS to MDSN and ABS (Miguel Servet), Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez (Rio Hortega). Programa Intensificación Actividad Investigadora (ISCIII/Agencia Laín-Entralgo/CM) to AO. IIS-FJD Biobank RD09/0076/0010

Phosphate, microbiota and ckd

Phosphate is a key uremic toxin associated with adverse outcomes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the kidney capacity to excrete excess dietary phosphate decreases, triggering compensatory endocrine responses that drive CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Eventu-ally, hyperphosphatemia develops, and low phosphate diet and phosphate binders are prescribed. Recent data have identified a potential role of the gut microbiota in mineral bone disorders. Thus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) only caused bone loss in mice whose microbiota was enriched in the Th17 cell-inducing taxa segmented filamentous bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, and this was dependent on bacterial production of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. We review current knowledge on the relationship between phosphate, microbiota and CKD-MBD. Topics include microbial bioactive compounds of special interest in CKD, the impact of dietary phosphate and phosphate binders on the gut microbiota, the modulation of CKD-MBD by the microbiota and the potential therapeutic use of microbiota to treat CKD-MBD through the clinical translation of concepts from other fields of science such as the optimization of phosphorus utilization and the use of phosphate-accumulating organisms.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 860329, FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI18/01366, PI20/00744, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-C