15 research outputs found
Анализ методов борьбы с гидратообразованием на Мыльджинском нефтегазоконденсатном месторождении (Томская область)
В данной работе произведен анализ существующих методов борьбы с гидратообразованиями. Предложен экспериментальный аэромеханический метод без использования метанола.There are analisys of existing methods of struggle with hydrate formations in this work.
An experimental aeromechanical method without the use of methanol is proposed
Dynamics of non-specific esterase during fat resorption in the jejunum of the house mouse, Mus musculus
Bubble momentum plume as a possible mechanism for an early breakdown of the seasonal stratification in the northern North Sea
The presence of a seasonal thermocline likely plays a key role in restraining methane released from a
seabed source in the deeper water column, thereby inhibiting exchange to the atmosphere. The bubble
plume itself, however, generates an upward motion of fluid, e.g. upwelling and may thereby be partially
responsible for an early breakdown of the seasonal thermocline. Measurements at site 22/4b, located at
(57°550N, 1°380E) in the UK Central North Sea, 200 km east of the Scottish mainland, where gas is still
being released since a blow out in 1990, have been used to identify the generation of the seasonal
thermocline, and thus, the depth of the upper mixed layer and its breakdown in autumn. Data derived
from two landers, containing an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and a Conductivity Temperature Depth
recorder, were used to determine the mixed layer depth and the breakdown of the thermocline. Mixing
of upper layer fluid into the lower layer has been inferred from large amplitude variations in the nearbottom
temperature.
The ADCPs estimate velocity profiles in four beam directions using Doppler shifted frequency from
acoustic pings sent out and received by four different transducers in a specific configuration. Besides that,
the intensity of the backscattered sound per transducer is also recorded. Bubbles from the nearby plume
contaminate the signal during part of the tidal cycle, but in bubble free periods, the mixed layer depth
can be estimated using the acoustic backscatter signal as local maxima. Results show that the thermocline
broke down between mid-October and early November, several weeks earlier than the breakdown
of the thermocline in nearby/comparable areas, likely caused by bubble-induced downwelling at the site.
The early breakdown of the thermocline was accompanied by multiple occurrence of a strong jet-like
structure, associated with the seasonal tidal mixing front
Impaired Surfactant Production by Alveolar Epithelial Cells in a SCID-hu Lung Mouse Model of Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading viral cause of birth defects and life-threatening lung-associated diseases in premature infants and immunocompromised children. Although the fetal lung is a major target organ of the virus, HCMV lung pathogenesis has remained unexplored, possibly as a result of extreme host range restriction. To overcome this hurdle, we generated a SCID-hu lung mouse model that closely recapitulates the discrete stages of human lung development in utero. Human fetal lung tissue was implanted into severe combined immunodeficient (CB17-scid) mice and inoculated by direct injection with the VR1814 clinical isolate of HCMV. Virus replication in the fetal lung was assessed by the quantification of infectious virus titers and HCMV genome copies and the detection of HCMV proteins by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We show that HCMV efficiently replicated in the lung implants during a 2-week period, forming large viral lesions. The virus productively infected alveolar epithelial and mesenchymal cells, imitating congenital infection of the fetal lung. HCMV replication triggered apoptosis near and within the viral lesions and impaired the production of surfactant proteins in the alveolar epithelium. Our findings highlight that congenital and neonatal HCMV infection can adversely impact lung development, leading to pneumonia and acute lung injury. We have successfully developed a small-animal model that closely recapitulates fetal and neonatal lung development and provides a valuable, biologically relevant tool for an understanding of the lung pathogenesis of HCMV as well as other human respiratory viruses. Additionally, this model would greatly facilitate the development and testing of new antiviral therapies for HCMV along with select human pulmonary pathogens
A review of oceanographic and meteorological controls on the North Sea circulation and hydrodynamics with a view to the fate of North Sea methane from well site 22/4b and other seabed sources
The recombinant congenic strains—a novel genetic tool applied to the study of colon tumor development in the mouse
Evaluation of CMIP5 palaeo-simulations to improve climate projections
Structural differences among models account for much of the uncertainty in projected climate changes, at least until the
mid-twenty-first century. Recent observations encompass too limited a range of climate variability to provide a robust test
of the ability to simulate climate changes. Past climate changes provide a unique opportunity for out-of-sample evaluation
of model performance. Palaeo-evaluation has shown that the large-scale changes seen in twenty-first-century projections,
including enhanced land–sea temperature contrast, latitudinal amplification, changes in temperature seasonality and scaling
of precipitation with temperature, are likely to be realistic. Although models generally simulate changes in large-scale circulation
sufficiently well to shift regional climates in the right direction, they often do not predict the correct magnitude of these
changes. Differences in performance are only weakly related to modern-day biases or climate sensitivity, and more sophisticated
models are not better at simulating climate changes. Although models correctly capture the broad patterns of climate
change, improvements are required to produce reliable regional projections