Joventut: valors i llibertat

La present ponència fou presentada el 28 de gener de 2015 a la sala Puig i Cadafalch de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC) en el marc del cicle commemoratiu «Trenta anys de la Societat Catalana de Pedagogia (SCP)». En primera instància, el professor Joan Manuel del Pozo analitza el concepte de joventut, en destaca la l'enorme elasticitat i l'alta consideració social en la cultura hegemònica actual i assenyala la pedagogia familiar líquida i paternalista com a raó última de la incapacitat dels joves d'assumir les responsabilitats quan arriben a l'edat adulta, a la maduresa. Constatant-ne el descrèdit, Del Pozo proposa reconsiderar el concepte tradicional de maduresa com a fita vital última i començar-lo a entendre com un procés inacabat de construcció personal; un procés fonamentat en la llibertat com a principi axiològic central al voltant del qual l'ésser humà en la seva maduració pugui assumir les seves responsabilitats, desenvolupar les pròpies capacitats, acomplir els seus desitjos, i assolir la màxima plenitud vital en el camí

Les bases epistemològiques de la filosofia política de Ciceró

[spa] La tesis se plantea el objetivo de analizar la coherencia entre la filosofía política de Cicerón y lo que pueden ser sus bases epistemológicas: la teórica neoacadémica del conocimiento que sitúa las posibilidades de la razón por debajo del optimismo veritativo de los estoicos, pero con mayor confianza en la implicación política del sabio que los epicúreos. Desde la perspectiva de la "razonabilidad" Cicerón construye la primera gran definición de la "res publica" o sociedad política. La clave de esa razonabilidad - o racionalidad consciente de su limitación - es el criterio de probabilidad: por una parte, permite actuar tomando decisiones y por otra mantiene la libertad de los sujetos, tanto en el orden personal como en el político. La seguridad estoica llevaría a la dictadura y el inhibicionismo epicúreo al caos oclocrático, y al fin, también a la dictadura. Solo una epistemología flexible y abierta como la neoacadémica fundamenta un orden político complejo y flexible con el de la constitución mixta. Ello no excluye, sin embargo, el recurso al "sueño" ('Somnium Scipionis') para fundamentar en el orden cósmico - inaprehensible por la razón limitada - la integración del individuo en la “polis” y de esta en el macrocosmos. Todo está puesto al servicio, desde la epistemología probabilística completada por la visión soñada del orden macrocósmico, de la preservación de la republica romana tradicional, única que Cicerón acepta como justa y libre a la vez, frente a todo tipo de tentaciones tiránicas

Humanismo y educación: Aprender el goce de vivir

Humanism, historically associated with education - the Greek paideia - deserves to be rethought and recovered for education in a time of technological change so accelerated and so influential in the human condition that there are already those who talk about "transhumanism". It analyzes the polysemy richness of the notion of humanism and the value of humanistic training in the service of justice; and finally, its value as learning the very joy of living. In short, its high educational value. Keywords: Humanism, education, transhumanism, justice, enjoyment of lifeEl humanismo, asociado históricamente a la educación –la paideia griega- merece ser repensado y recuperado para la educación en un momento de cambio tecnológico tan acelerado y tan influyente en la condición humana que ya hay quien habla de “transhumanismo”. Se analiza la riqueza polisémica de la noción de humanismo y el valor de la formación humanística al servicio de la justicia; y finalmente, su valor como aprendizaje del goce mismo de vivir. En suma, su alto valor educativo. Palabras clave: Humanismo, educación, transhumanismo, justicia, goce de vivir

Assessment of bone-regeneration using adipose-derived stem cells in critical-size alveolar ridge defects: an experimental study in a dog model

Purpose: To assess bone regeneration potential of a fibronectin- and adipose-derived stem cell-covered ceramic biomaterial in three-wall critical size alveolar ridge defects. Materials and methods: In 18 dogs, four dehiscence-type and critical size defects were created surgically in the edentulous alveolar ridge. Defects were randomly regenerated using biomaterials coated with particulate ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP), ß-TCP with fibronectin (Fn) (ß-TCP-Fn), and ß-TCP with a combination of Fn and autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (ß-TCP-Fn-ADSCs), leaving one defect as control. The animals were divided into three groups according to the time of euthanasia (1, 2, or 3 months of healing). Results: At the time of sacrifice, statistically significant differences between the four types of defects in the total area of bone regeneration, percentage of neoformed bone matrix, medullary space, or contact between particulate biomaterial and neoformed bone matrix were not found. All defects showed a significant increase in neoformed bone matrix as sacrifice was delayed, but a uniform pattern was not followed. Only defects treated with ß-TCP-Fn-ADSCs showed a significant increase in the bone regeneration area when animals sacrificed at 3 months were compared to those sacrificed at 1 month (P = .006). Conclusion: The use of ADSCs in bone regeneration processes of critical size defects of the alveolar ridge did not entail an advantage regarding greater bone regeneration as compared with other biomaterials. However, the use of ß-TCP coated with a combination of Fn and ADSCs appeared to favor stabilization of the regenerated area, allowing a more efficient maintenance of the space at 3 months of healing

Tractament amb hormona del creixement: anàlisi de casos a Catalunya durant el període 2006-2010

Estudi de casos; Pacients; Dèficit de creixementCase studies; Patients; Growth deficitEstudio de casos; Pacientes; Déficit de crecimientoEn el present article es descriuen les dades principals obtingudes a partir de les sol·licituds de tractament amb GH que els metges fan arribar al Consell Assessor sobre la utilització terapèutica de lʼhormona del creixement i substàncies relacionades i que corresponen a la població tractada a Catalunya durant el període 2006-2010.The present article describes the main data obtained from applications of GH treatment that doctors submit to the Advisory Council on the therapeutic use of growth hormone and related substances that correspond to the population treated in Catalonia during the period 2006-2010.En el presente artículo se describen los datos principales obtenidos a partir de las solicitudes de tratamiento con hormona del crecimiento que los médicos hacen llegar al Consejo Asesor sobre la utilización terapéutica de la hormona del crecimiento y sustancias relacionadas y que corresponden a la población tratada en Cataluña durante el periodo 2006-2010

Circulating Cell Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Relationship with Clinical Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Response

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is central to PAH. In this study, we simultaneously analysed circulating levels of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) and progenitor cells (PCs) in PAH and in controls, as biomarkers of pulmonary endothelial integrity and evaluated differences among PAH subtypes and as a response to treatment. Methods: Forty-seven controls and 144 patients with PAH (52 idiopathic, 9 heritable, 31 associated with systemic sclerosis, 15 associated with other connective tissue diseases, 20 associated with HIV and 17 associated with portal hypertension) were evaluated. Forty-four patients with scleroderma and 22 with HIV infection, but without PAH, were also studied. Circulating levels of EMVs, total (CD31+CD42b-) and activated (CD31+CD42b-CD62E+), as well as circulating PCs (CD34+CD133+CD45low) were measured by flow cytometry and the EMVs/PCs ratio was computed. In treatment-naïve patients, measurements were repeated after 3 months of PAH therapy. Results: Patients with PAH showed higher numbers of EMVs and a lower percentage of PCs, compared with healthy controls. The EMV/PC ratio was increased in PAH patients, and in patients with SSc or HIV without PAH. After starting PAH therapy, individual changes in EMVs and PCs were variable, without significant differences being observed as a group. Conclusion: PAH patients present disturbed vascular homeostasis, reflected in changes in circulating EMV and PC levels, which are not restored with PAH targeted therapy. Combined measurement of circulating EMVs and PCs could be foreseen as a potential biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in PAH

Model del Programa d’atenció domiciliària (ATDOM) de l’atenció primària i comunitària (APiC)

Atenció domiciliària; Atenció primària i comunitària; Cartera de serveisHome care; Primary and community care; Portfolio of servicesAtención domiciliaria; Atención primaria y comunitaria; Cartera de serviciosAquest document defineix les bases del Programa d’atenció domiciliària (ATDOM) de l’atenció primària i comunitària a Catalunya: els principis en els quals s’inspira, la cartera de serveis, uns elements clau en la prestació i els resultats esperats, el seguiment i l’avaluació

Repeated pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastases from renal cell Carcinoma: A Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background and objectives: Recurrent isolated pancreatic metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) after pancreatic resection is rare. The purpose of our study is to describe a series of cases of relapse of pancreatic metastasis from renal cancer in the pancreatic remnant and its surgical treatment with a repeated pancreatic resection, and to analyse the results of both overall and disease -free survival. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing pancreatic resection for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Patients were grouped into two groups depending on whether they received a single pancreatic resection (SPS) or iterative pancreatic resection. Data on short and long-term outcome after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 131 pancreatic resections performed in 116 patients. Thus, iterative pancreatic surgery (IPS) was performed in 15 patients. The mean length of time between the first pancreatic surgery and the second was 48.9 months (95 % CI: 22.2-56.9). There were no differences in the rate of postoperative complications. The DFS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 86 %, 78 % and 78 % vs 75 %, 50 % and 37 % in the IPS and SPS group respectively (p = 0.179). OS rates at 1, 3, 5 and 7 years were 100 %, 100 %, 100 % and 75 % in the IPS group vs 95 %, 85 %, 80 % and 68 % in the SPS group (p = 0.895). Conclusion: Repeated pancreatic resection in case of relapse of pancreatic metastasis of RCC in the pancreatic remnant is justified, since it achieves OS results similar to those obtained after the first resection

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative outcome after surgical treatment in a Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) occasionally spreads to the pancreas. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the short and long-term results of a multicenter series in order to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Variables related to the primary tumor, demographics, clinical characteristics of metastasis, location in the pancreas, type of pancreatic resection performed and data on short and long-term evolution after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 116 patients. The mean time between nephrectomy and pancreatic metastases' resection was 87.35 months (ICR: 1.51-332.55). Distal pancreatectomy was the most performed technique employed (50 %). Postoperative morbidity was observed in 60.9 % of cases (Clavien-Dindo greater than IIIa in 14 %). The median follow-up time was 43 months (13-78). Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96 %, 88 %, and 83 %, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73 %, 49 %, and 35 %, respectively. Significant prognostic factors of relapse were a disease free interval of less than 10 years (2.05 [1.13-3.72], p 0.02) and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastasis (2.44 [1.22-4.86], p 0.01). Conclusions: Pancreatic resection if metastatic RCC is found in the pancreas is warranted to achieve higher overall survival and disease-free survival, even if extrapancreatic metastases were previously removed. The existence of intrapancreatic multifocal compromise does not always warrant the performance of a total pancreatectomy in order to improve survival. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Comparison of seven prognostic tools to identify low-risk pulmonary embolism in patients aged <50 years

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