El gobierno de Zaragoza y sus hombres tras la Nueva Planta: los corregidores-intendentes

--The Nueva Planta regimen was slowly and doubtfully applied in the aragonese territories. The establishment of corregimientos was not accomplished before 1718 when they were bound to the intendencies. The process and the eleven corregidor-intendant's profiles are shown in this study.La aplicación del régimen de Nueva Planta en los territorios aragoneses fue un proceso lento y dubitativo. El establecimiento de corregimientos no culminó hasta 1718, con su vinculación a la intendencia. El articulo estudia este proceso y muestra el perfil de los once individuos que ocuparon el cargo de corregidor-intendente

Unravelling the spin-state of solvated [Fe(bpp)2] 2+ spin-crossover complexes: structure-function relationship

This is the Accepted Manuscript of the following article:M. D. C. Gimenez Lopez, M. Clemente Leon and C. Giménez-Saiz, Dalton Trans., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/C8DT01269EThe authors acknowledge the Royal Society (DH110080 fellowship for M.C.G-L.), the European Research Council (ERC StG-679124 for M.C.G-L.) and the Generalitat Valenciana for funding this workS

The two faces of human capital and their effect on technological progress

The aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of a new international estimate of human capital on the process of innovation and technology catch-up in developed countries. The new human capital variable is a measure of average human capital efficiency per hour worked that considers the role of both the quantity and quality of education. Our methodology is based on the framework proposed by Benhabib and Spiegel (2005) that uses a logistic function of technology diffusion. The analysis employs panel econometrics and tackles the endogeneity bias. Empirical results show robust evidence of the significance of this human capital variable as a driver of innovation and diffusion. The effects of cognitive skills on technological progress are higher the closer the economies are to the technology frontier. Furthermore, as technological progress has been measured using the improved TFP variables built in PWT 8.0, we confirm the existence of social returns to human capital

Magnetic hyperthermia enhancement in iron-based materials driven by carbon support interactions

Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) shows great potential in clinical applications because of its very localized action and minimal side effects. Because of their high saturation magnetization values, reduced forms of iron are promising candidates for MH. However, they must be protected in order to overcome their toxicity and instability (i. e., oxidation) under biological conditions. In this work, a novel methodology for the protection of iron nanoparticles through confinement within graphitic carbon layers after thermal treatment of preformed nanoparticles supported on carbon is reported. We demonstrate that the size and composition of the nascent confined iron nanoparticles, as well as the thickness of their protective carbon layer can be controlled by selecting the nature of the carbon support. Our findings reveal that a higher nanoparticle–carbon interaction, mediated by the presence of oxygen-containing groups, induces the formation of small and well-protected α-Fe-based nanoparticles that exhibit promising results towards MH based on their enhanced specific absorption rate valuesAgencia Estatal de Investigación. Grant Numbers: RTI2018-101097-A-I00, RyC-2016-20258, PID2021-127341OB-I00. European Research Council. Grant Numbers: 679124, 966743. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia. Grant Numbers: 2019-2022, ED431G 2019/03, ED431B 2021/13. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Grant Number: FPU2020S

Environmental conditions as determinants of kidney stone formation

Urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the presence of stones in the urinary tract, whether in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. Its origin is multiple, and causes can be cited as hereditary, environmental, dietary, anatomical, metabolic, or infectious factors. A kidney stone is a biomaterial that originates inside the urinary tract, following the principles of crystalline growth, and in most cases, it cannot be eliminated naturally. In this work, 40 calculi from the Don Benito, Badajoz University Hospital are studied and compared with those collected in Madrid to establish differences between both populations with the same pathology and located in very different geographical areas. Analysis by cathodoluminescence offers information on the low crystallinity of the phases and their hydration states, as well as the importance of the bonds with the Ca cation in all of the structures, which, in turn, is related to environmental and social factors of different population groups such as a high intake of proteins, medications, bacterial factors, or possible contamination with greenhouse gases, among other factor

Maternidad, tecnología y relación asistencial

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX se produjo un proceso de medicalización de la vida y los partos que se asistían en el domicilio hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX se institucionalizaron. Actualmente, la atención al parto dentro de centros sanitarios y la cada vez más alta dotación tecnológica ha facilitado que se legitime la medicalización para todos los procesos asistenciales, incluso para aquellos fisiológicos como puede ser un parto normal. Son numerosos los autores que han puesto en evidencia como el proceso de medicalización de la vida ha concebido el cuerpo femenino, durante embarazo y parto, como anárquico y necesitado de control; asumiendo que el uso de las modernas técnicas obstétricas se ha extendido de forma inseparable a un proceso de alienación impuesto a las mujeres reclamándose una atención humanizada, respetuosa con la fisiología y sin medicalización. Desde una línea de argumentación post-estructuralista se critica el discurso basado en que la atención no tecnificada, y respetuosa con la fisiología del parto, significará, sin más, un empoderamiento de la mujer, puesto que, al igual que la posición medicalizadora de la asistencia, implica también una visión esencialista que no tiene en cuenta los componentes éticos y sociales [...

Subclinical Atherosclerosis Measure by Carotid Ultrasound and Inflammatory Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondylarthritis

Objective: To compare the effect of inflammation on subclinical atherosclerosis using carotid ultrasound in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods: Cross-sectional study including 347 participants (148 RA, 159 SpA, and 40 controls). We measured the carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and detection of atheromatous plaques using carotid ultrasound. We recorded disease activity (DAS28-CRP/ASDAS-CRP) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We performed descriptive, bivariate, and linear multivariate analyses (dependent variable: cIMT) to evaluate the influence of diagnosis on cIMT in all patients. Two additional multivariate analyses were performed by stratifying patients according to their inflammatory activity. Results: cIMT correlated with the mean CRP during the previous 5 years in RA, but not with CRP at the cut-off date. We did not find such differences in patients with SpA. The first multivariate model revealed that increased cIMT was more common in patients with RA than in those with SpA (β coefficient, 0.045; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.0002–0.09; p = 0.048) after adjusting for age, sex, disease course, and differential cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, statins, and corticosteroids). The second model revealed no differences in cIMT between the 2 groups of patients classified as remission–low activity (β coefficient, 0.020; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.080; p = 0.500). However, when only patients with moderate–high disease activity were analysed, the cIMT was 0.112 mm greater in those with RA (95% CI, 0.013–0.212; p = 0.026) than in those with SpA after adjusting for the same variables. Conclusions: Subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid ultrasound in patients with RA and SpA is comparable when the disease is well controlled. However, when patients have moderate–high disease activity, cIMT is greater in patients with RA than in those with SpA after adjusting for age, sex, disease course, and cardiovascular risk factors. Our results point to greater involvement of disease activity in subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA than in those with SpA

Ultra-low temperature structure determination of a Mn12 single-molecule magnet and the interplay between lattice solvent and structural disorder

We have determined the ultra-low temperature crystal structure of the archetypal single-molecule magnet (SMM) [Mn12O12(O2CMe)16(H2O)4]·4H2O·2MeCO2H (1) at 2 K, by using a combination of single-crystal X-ray and single-crystal neutron diffraction. This is the first structural study of any SMM in the same temperature regime where slow magnetic relaxation occurs. We reveal an additional hydrogen bonding interaction between the {Mn12} cluster and its solvent of crystallisation, which shows how the lattice solvent transmits disorder to the acetate ligands in the {Mn12} complex. Unusual quantum properties observed in 1 have long been attributed to disorder. Hence, we studied the desolvation products of 1, in order to understand precisely the influence of lattice solvent on the structure of the cluster. We present two new axially symmetric structures corresponding to different levels of desolvation of 1, [Mn12O12(O2CMe)16(H2O)4]·4H2O (2) and [Mn12O12(O2CMe)16(H2O)4] (3). In 2, removal of acetic acid of crystallisation largely resolves positional disorder in the affected acetate ligands, whereas removal of lattice water molecules further resolves the acetate ligand disorder in 3. Due to the absence of acetic acid of crystallisation, both 2 and 3 have true, unbroken S4 symmetry, showing for the first time that it is possible to prepare fully axial Mn12–acetate analogues from 1, via single-crystal to single-crystal transformations

Ssp1 CaMKK: A Sensor of Actin Polarization That Controls Mitotic Commitment through Srk1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Background Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is required for diverse cellular functions. Mammalian CaMKK activates CaMKs and also the evolutionarily-conserved AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe CaMKK, Ssp1, is required for tolerance to limited glucose through the AMPK, Ssp2, and for the integration of cell growth and division through the SAD kinase Cdr2. Results Here we report that Ssp1 controls the G2/M transition by regulating the activity of the CaMK Srk1. We show that inhibition of Cdc25 by Srk1 is regulated by Ssp1; and also that restoring growth polarity and actin localization of ssp1-deleted cells by removing the actin-monomer-binding protein, twinfilin, is sufficient to suppress the ssp1 phenotype. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that entry into mitosis is mediated by a network of proteins, including the Ssp1 and Srk1 kinases. Ssp1 connects the network of components that ensures proper polarity and cell size with the network of proteins that regulates Cdk1-cyclin B activity, in which Srk1 plays an inhibitory role