The role and importance of cave microclimate in the sustainable use and management of show caves

Cave microclimate is important in the study of cave flora and fauna, certain karst processes underground and hydrogeologic aspects of speleothems; thus an understanding of microclimat­ic processes is especially important in the management of show caves. Here, examples are drawn from researchon New Zea­land caves and examined in the context of sustainable cave use management practices. The work considers that the cave man­ager is concerned, firstly, withdefining the desired or optimal level or range of environmental conditions that should prevail and, secondly, withmaintaining them. To do this requires an appropriate and reliable monitoring system. It involves select­ing key indicators to be monitored and setting target standards. Selection of an appropriate monitoring system, however, re­lies on having a good understanding of the climate processes operating, essentially how they work and how they might be appropriately managed. Unlike microclimates in the atmo­sphere-land boundary layer, whichare characterized by verti­cal exchanges, processes determining climate in all but nearly closed caves are dominated by advection of heat and moisture. It is this process that may give rise to distinct spatial and tem­poral patterns of climates in caves. Thermoadynamic aspects of external air-cave air interaction are assessed to explain spatial as well as short term and seasonal variations of thermal and moisture states of the cave atmosphere. The relevance of all this to cave management is discussed. It is argued that cave man­agement is not simply a matter of determining usage levels or carrying capacity of caves; rather, it involves determining en­vironmental management techniques that are appropriate to a particular cave condition or environmental state that should prevail

Representation of Africa online: sourcing practice and frames of reference

The dominant perspective on the representation of Africa in the western media claims that western media coverage is bias and crisis orientated and the liberal perspective claims that the coverage of Africa is not as negative as is often assumed. However, there is a paucity of literature on the representation of Africa online. This research enquiry is relevant because literature claims that the Internet has the potential to resolve the journalistic predicament of representing other culture through political participation and deliberation. But this requires a re-orientation of the sourcing practice of news organization to embrace sensitivity to and knowledge of African cultures. Moreover, the journalistic predicament can be resolved or not depending on the news gathering approach adopted by the news organization. Literature has identified two approaches, that is, ‘gatekeeping’ used mainly by dominant traditional media and ‘gatewatching’ used by alternative media in their quest to counter mainstream ideology. This study examines the impacts of the ‘gatewatching’ approach adopted by Africa Have Your Say (AHYS) website on its representation and frames of reference of Africa. It uses on-site observation, in-depth interviews and textual analysis to gather data. The study found that although the sourcing practice at the AHYS is elaborate and complex, the ‘gatewatching’ approach makes its susceptible to second level agenda setting. Hence, its frame repeats the attributes and tone used by the mainstream traditional media. However, a minority of users did not use repeat this frame in their comments

Efemérides de 2022 e História da Educação, as nossas 'causas'

Editorial - v.26 - 202

Entre a experiência e a expectativa: percursos e desafios da Revista História da Educação

Editorial do volume 24 da Revista História da Educação de 2020, publicação anual e contínua

Adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro do instrumento CORE-OM : uma escala para avaliar a eficácia e a efetividade da psicoterapia

Introdução: O Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measurement (CORE-OM) foi desenvolvido nos anos 1990 com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e efetividade do tratamento em saúde mental. Objetivo: Fazer a adaptação transcultural do instrumento CORE-OM para o português do Brasil. Método: O modelo de tradução e adaptação foi baseado no protocolo internacional da equipe CORE System Trust, que compreende as sete etapas a seguir: tradução, avaliação da equivalência semântica, elaboração da versão síntese, aplicação na população, compilação dos dados e retrotradução. Resultados: A partir da análise semântica, foram necessárias modificações em sete dos 34 itens originais. Foram feitas mudanças para evitar a repetição de termos assim como o uso de termos de difícil compreensão. A análise de consistência interna demonstrou evidência de estabilidade dos escores no CORE-OM adaptado. Conclusão: O instrumento foi adaptado para o português do Brasil, e as propriedades semânticas e conceituais dos itens resultantes foram equivalentes às do instrumento original.Introduction: The Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measurement (CORE-OM) was developed in the 1990s, with the aim of assessing the efficacy and effectiveness of mental health treatments. Objective: To adapt the CORE-OM for use in the Brazilian population. Method: The instrument was translated and adapted based on the international protocol developed by the CORE System Trust which contains seven steps: translation, semantic equivalence analysis, synthesis of the translated versions, pre-testing in the target population, data analysis and back translation. Results: After semantic analysis, modifications were necessary in seven of the 34 original items. Changes were made to avoid repetition of words and the use of terms difficult to understand. Internal consistency analysis showed evidence of score stability in the CORE-OM adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Conclusion: The instrument was successfully adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, and its semantic and conceptual properties were equivalent to those of the original instrument

Novos tempos se anunciam

Editorial do volume 23 da Revista História da Educação, que em 2019 passa a ser uma publicação contínua e anual

Into the Andes: multiple independent colonizations drive montane diversity in the Neotropical clearwing butterflies Godyridina.

Understanding why species richness peaks along the Andes is a fundamental question in the study of Neotropical biodiversity. Several biogeographic and diversification scenarios have been proposed in the literature, but there is confusion about the processes underlying each scenario, and assessing their relative contribution is not straightforward. Here, we propose to refine these scenarios into a framework which evaluates four evolutionary mechanisms: higher speciation rate in the Andes, lower extinction rates in the Andes, older colonization times and higher colonization rates of the Andes from adjacent areas. We apply this framework to a species-rich subtribe of Neotropical butterflies whose diversity peaks in the Andes, the Godyridina (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini). We generated a time-calibrated phylogeny of the Godyridina and fitted time-dependent diversification models. Using trait-dependent diversification models and ancestral state reconstruction methods we then compared different biogeographic scenarios. We found strong evidence that the rates of colonization into the Andes were higher than the other way round. Those colonizations and the subsequent local diversification at equal rates in the Andes and in non-Andean regions mechanically increased the species richness of Andean regions compared to that of non-Andean regions ('species-attractor' hypothesis). We also found support for increasing speciation rates associated with Andean lineages. Our work highlights the importance of the Andean slopes in repeatedly attracting non-Andean lineages, most likely as a result of the diversity of habitats and/or host plants. Applying this analytical framework to other clades will bring important insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the most species-rich biodiversity hotspot on the planet