Beyond thermal comfort in the hospital rooms. Investigation of thermal summer comfort in patients rooms: case of Biskra hospitals

In Algeria, the architectural design of hospitals is unfortunately not subject to clear and specific regulatory thermal strategy, it depends mainly on the architect own approach to the issue of comfort design, materials, etc. This research aims to investigate the present comfort conditions in typical hospital configuration and under specific climate conditions of hot and arid regions. Two different hospital designs have been investigated in Biskra. A main town is southeast of Algeria. The first case study being the oldest hospital in the town, build in the late 30s during the colonial era and renovated recently. The second hospital is a brand new hospital. A series of measurements of ambient air temperature, patient surveys and interviews have been initiated in two typical wards. The results show that thermal comfort sensations in these specific spaces depend not only on architecture, design and typical processes, but also on physiological, psychological and behavioral parameters which widely influence the perception of the patients

Evaluation of the sound environment of the city of Biskra (Algeria)

This research concerns the quantitative evaluation of the urban sound environment of the city of Biskra. The aim was to determine the quality of the soundscape based on in situ measurement, using a Landtek SL5868P sound level meter. 62 points have been identified to represent the whole city. The results show that that the noise level varies from 54.1 to 75.8 dB(A) during the weekdays and from 50.4 to 74.2dB(A) during the weekend. In addition,90% of the results of the weekday measurements and 81% of the results of the weekend measurements exceed the recommended levels given by the World Health Organization. The present urban sound exposure could have a substantial impact on the overall comfort of inhabitants and increase the risk of the syndrome of the sick cities

Un modèle de validation automatique de mécanismes de sécurisation des communications

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Psychological preparation and its role in the accomplishment of sports competitions

هدف هذا البحث هو التعرف على الدور الذي يلعبه الإعداد النفسي في تحقيق الإنجاز الرياضي، وأن الإعداد والتهيئة النفسية أصبحت عملية ضرورية وملحة بالنسبة للاعب لكي يستطيع السيطرة عليها وذلك لتحقيق أفضل مستوى من الأداء وتحقيق أفضل النتائج والوصول إلى مستوى الانجاز الجيد. حيث توصل إلى أن للإعداد النفسي أهمية كبيرة في تحقيق الإنجاز في المنافسات الرياضية وإتباع خطوات من أجل تفعيل إعداد متكامل، وللإعداد النفسي تقنيات يجب إتباعها لتخفيف الضغوط النفسية خلال المنافسة، كما أن للمنافسة خصائص يتطلب إدراكها مع وجوب معرفة عناصر الصفات النفسية قبل المنافسة وكذلك توضيح طرق تنمية الصفات النفسية للمنافسات الرياضية مع ضرورة استخدام القياس النفسي في المنافسات الرياضية.The aim of this research is to identify the role that psychological preparation plays in the achievement of sporting achievements, and that psychological preparation and preparation have become a necessary and urgent process for the player to be able to control in order to achieve the best level of performance and achieve the best results and achieve the level of good achievement. Where he found that psychological preparation is of great importance for achieving success in sports competitions by following steps to activate built-in numbers, and psychological preparation techniques should be followed to reduce psychological pressure during the competition

Mathematical modeling of laser lipolysis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Real-time Implementation of Space Vector Modulation using Arduino as a Low-cost Microcontroller for Three-phase Grid-connected Inverter

This work aims to facilitate the approach of a promising and fascinating technology, which is the photovoltaic (PV) energy, concerning the integration of PV systems to the utility grid from the control/synchronization point of view. Within this context, this paper gives a performance analysis of modeling and driving a two-level three-phase grid-connected PV system, in order to reduce the variations in frequency and phase, as a result, the synchronization between the inverter and the utility grid is accomplished and the correct function of the inverter is performed. MATLAB/Simulink software was utilized to develop the model of the suggested control algorithms. Then, as an interfacing device between the software and the inverter, the Arduino UNO microcontroller is proposed as a low-cost and simplified method to control the three-phase grid-connected inverte

Physical activity and its effect on the general health of secondary school students

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إظهار الدور المهم الذي تلعبه الأنشطة البدنية والرياضية في التأثير على الصحة العامة وأبعادها الاجتماعية والنفسية والبدنية لتلاميذ المرحلة الثانوية وذلك من خلال المقارنة بين التلاميذ الممارسين والتلاميذ غير الممارسين للنشاط البدني الرياضي. وقد استخدم الباحث مقياس الصحة العامة لتبيان هل هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين تلاميذ الممارسين للنشاط البدني الرياضي والتلاميذ غير الممارسين. وهل هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التلاميذ الممارسين للنشاط البدني الرياضي داخل المؤسسة فقط والتلاميذ الممارسين داخل وخارج المؤسسة. وهل هناك فروق دالة احصائيا باختلاف نوع النشاط الممارس وعدد مرات الممارسة أسبوعيا في مقياس الصحة العامة. وتوصل الباحث الى انه هناك فروق دالة احصائيا بين الممارسين وغير الممارسين للنشاط البدني. لا توجد فروق دالة احصائيا بين الممارسين داخل المؤسسة والممارسين داخل وخارج المؤسسة. توجد فروق ذات دالة إحصائية باختلاف نوع النشاط الممارس، بالنسبة لعدد المرات الممارسة أسبوعيا لا توجد فروق دالة احصائياThis study aims to show the important role that physical and sports activities play in influencing the general health and its social, psychological and physical dimensions of secondary school students, through a comparison between students who are practicing and students who are not practicing physical sports activity. The researcher used the public health scale to show whether there are statistically significant differences between students who practice physical activity and those who are not. Are there statistically significant differences between the students who practice physical activity in the institution only and the students who practice inside and outside the institution. Are there statistically significant differences according to the type of activity practiced and the number of times a week practiced in the public health scale. The researcher concluded that there are statistically significant differences between practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity. There are no statistically significant differences between practitioners inside the institution and practitioners inside and outside the institution. There are statistically significant differences according to the type of activity practiced, as for the number of times a week practiced, there are no statistically significant difference

Inbound VS Outbound Marketing : Débat théorique et comparaison des deux approches marketing

For a long time, companies made sure to implement their marketing strategies in order to satisfy their target customers and acquire new ones. If the outbound marketing, also called the push strategy, was the most commonly used method, the inbound marketing strategy (Pull strategy) has only emerged more recently due to the appearance of social networks. It is true that this method had a lot of success during the Covid-19 period in 2020, since it was one of the major solutions to this crisis and encouraged firms to continue their activities. The fast-digital development has allowed the pull strategy to gain more importance, and has taken the outbound marketing down to a level below. Indeed, it was much more common to see brands chasing after their customers. However, with the increasing use of web marketing, digital marketing and the inbound strategy are now more common approaches. These currently stand out as the strategies and disciplines of choice, as they stand in contrast to the much more intrusive nature of the inbound method. Several doctrines, influenced by their environment, bring with them marketing theories regarding the two approaches, basing them on a system of knowledge and beliefs, that companies take into consideration before putting their strategies into action.We will therefore raise an important question in this article: Are the inbound and outbound marketing methods complementary or totally heterogeneous and incompatible with each other? from one another? The goal of this article is to theoretically analyze both marketing strategies, compare traditional methods to digital methods, and to evaluate their efficiency and efficacy from the consumers’ perspective.   Keywords: Digital marketing; Inbound marketing, Outbound marketing; Marketing strategies. JEL Classification: M31 Paper Type: Theoretical Research.Pendant longtemps, les entreprises ont fait en sorte de mener à bien leurs stratégies marketing pour pouvoir satisfaire leurs clients et en acquérir de nouveaux. Alors que la stratégie outbound, aussi appelée marketing direct, était une pratique courante auparavant, la stratégie inbound (marketing indirect), quant à elle, est apparue lors de la dernière décennie grâce à l'émergence des réseaux sociaux. Il est vrai que cette approche a connu beaucoup plus de succès lors de la période Covid-19 en 2020, en faisant notamment partie des grandes solutions apportées à cette crise pour continuer l'activité au sein d'une entreprise. Le développement à toute vitesse du digital a donné plus de force à cette méthode et a fait que la stratégie marketing indirecte tombe peu à peu dans l'oubli. En effet, il était beaucoup plus courant de voir les marques courir après leurs prospects, sauf qu'avec l'explosion du webmarketing, du marketing digital et de la stratégie inbound, ces derniers sont plus présents, et s'imposent comme approches et disciplines de choix en raison de leur opposition à la nature beaucoup plus intrusive et moins personnalisée que possède la stratégie outbound. Plusieurs doctrines, influencées par l'environnement qui les entoure, apportent des théories marketing institutionnelles en relation avec les deux approches, basées sur un système de connaissance et de croyance, que les entreprises prennent en considération pour mettre en action leurs stratégies. Opposant alors souvent ces deux méthodes l'une à l'autre, nous allons soulever à travers cet article une problématique importante : Est-ce que l'inbound et l'outbound marketing sont deux stratégies complémentaires ou hétérogènes ? L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser de manière théorique les stratégies marketing utilisées et de comparer les méthodes traditionnelles aux méthodes digitales, afin d'évaluer leur niveau d'efficience et d'efficacité aux yeux du consommateur.   Mots clés : Marketing digital ; Marketing Inbound, Marketing Outbound ; Stratégies marketing. Classification JEL : M31 Type de l’article : Article Théorique