Implementing Pseudo-Random Control in Boost Converter: An Effective Approach for Mitigating Conducted Electromagnetic Emissions

Currently, pulse width modulation (PWM) is a prevalent technique in the field of DC-DC converter control. Its primary objectives encompass maintaining the regulation of the converter's output voltage and improving the load's performance by mitigating the adverse effects caused by harmonic distortions. Unfortunately, the utilization of PWM is associated with significant levels of residual harmonics, characterized by notable amplitudes and frequencies, which have the potential to induce mechanical vibrations, acoustic disturbances, and electromagnetic interference (EMI).To address this challenge, a method known as pseudo-random modulation (PRM) has been developed. In comparison to traditional PWM, PRM offers ease of implementation and high efficacy in EMI mitigation. PRM achieves this by distributing harmonic power across a broader frequency range, thereby reducing the prominence of high-amplitude harmonics at specific frequencies. Within the context of Spread Spectrum Modulation (SSM), this study extensively explores diverse converter topologies and proposes an innovative hardware implementation using the cost-effective Atmega328p microcontroller. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the consequences of implementing this randomized control strategy to reduce electromagnetic emissions from a Boost converter, a well-recognized source of significant interference in its operational environment. Ultimately, the aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of these applied methodologies in achieving the maximum dispersion of the power spectrum, thereby enhancing overall electromagnetic compatibility

Innovative Emerging Ontology-driven Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review

Previous research has shown that ontologies and related semantic web technologies have positioned themselves as good solutions for data integration and resource reusability. Pitfalls and traps in modelling domains can be avoided if researchers and scholars adopt and use ontology-driven frameworks for their research. This research work aims to review currently developed or proposed ontology-driven frameworks, and clearly illustrate their development, application, and practicality. The review then ultimately addresses three main research questions driving the literature review through a synthesis of information that exists about ontology-driven frameworks. Search strings were used to obtain articles from online electronic databases. The PRISMA chart was used for the final selection of the 60 articles for review. A method of scoring called the Assessment of Multiple System Reviews (AMSTAR) was used on the included studies for quality assessment. The AMSTAR mean overall result was 9, the median 10, and the standard deviation 0.99.  The results reveal a downward trend of ontologies in 2010, with Web Ontology Language (OWL) being the most used language for ontology-driven frameworks and systems, with over 70% usage

A Novel Approach for improving Post Classification Accuracy of Satellite Images by Using Majority Analysis

In past one year, due to climatic changes and some anthropogenic activities, the forests of Uttarakhand are burning. To identify the damage caused by the forest fires, an area of Nainital district has been taken for the study. Multi temporal Landsat 7 images were taken from April - 2020 and April – 2021. This paper shows a novel approach to increase the accuracy of the classified image. The Support Vector Machine classification is first done and then to improve the accuracy of the classified image, a post-classification technique called Majority Analysis is applied. This method helps to classify the unclassified pixel and it also smoothens out the boundary of the classified pixels, leading to higher accuracy rate. The classification accuracy has improved significantly for April 2020 and April 2021 images from 89.35% to 98.71% and from 88.52% to 99.76% respectively. The change detection study showed a drastic increase in the barren land due to the forest fires and on the contrary, the forest, scarce forest and the shrub land areas have decreased

A Cost Sensitive SVM and Neural Network Ensemble Model for Breast Cancer Classification

Breast Cancer has surpassed all categories of cancer in incidence and is the most prevalent form of cancer in women worldwide. The global incidence rate is seen to be highest in the country of Belgium as per statistics of WHO. In the case of developing countries specifically, India, it has overtaken other cancers and stands first in incidence and mortality. Major factors identified as impacting the prognosis and survival in the country is chiefly the late diagnosis of the disease and diverse situations prevailing in different parts of the country including lack of diagnostic facilities, lack of awareness, fear of undergoing existing procedures and so on. This is also true for many other countries in the world. Early diagnosis is a vital factor for survival. The implementation of machine learning techniques in cancer prediction, diagnosis and classification can assist medical practitioners as a supplementary diagnostic tool. In this work, an ensemble model of a polynomial kernel-based Support Vector machines and Gradient Descent with Momentum Back Propagation Artificial Neural Networks for Breast Cancer Classification is proposed. Feature selection is applied using Genetic Search for identifying the best feature set and data sampling techniques such as combination of oversampling and undersampling and cost senstivke learning are applied on the individual Neural Network and Support Vector Machine classifiers to deal with issues related with class imbalance. The ensemble model is seen to show superior performance in comparison with other models producing an accuracy of 99.12%

Design of 28 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

This research paper presents a 28 GHz microstrip patch antenna design and analysis for mobile phone applications. Fr-4 (lossy) material, whose dielectric permittivity is 4.3 and loss tangent is 0.025, has been used as a substrate material for the antenna. Besides, copper annealed has been used in the ground, and the thickness of the patch is 0.035. CST software creates and simulates the complete antenna. Among the results obtained from the simulation, return loss, VSWR, directivity gain, and bandwidth are -24.507 dB, 1.126, 7.19 dBi, and 1.352 GHz, respectively. The main objective of this proposed antenna is to achieve an excellent VSWR value by reducing the return loss, increasing the antenna's directivity gain, and improving the bandwidth. As a result, this proposed design can be used on super-high-frequency devices (mobile phones) in the future. The fact that the results obtained from the suggested antenna design are superior to those reported in papers published in the past hints that the research has achieved increased performance compared to studies already conducted in the field

Design and Realization of 2.4 GHz Bowtie Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

In this research, a microstrip antenna with a bowtie hole was constructed. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated to operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Arc antennas are a popular choice due to their flat structure, lightweight design, wide bandwidth, and high gain characteristics for GPR applications. The antenna was designed as a microstrip antenna in the size of 58 mm x 69 mm. using an FR4 duplex printed circuit board with a material thickness of 1.6 mm, a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a transverse dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. The design and simulation were performed using CST Studio Suite programming. The results of the simulation and measurements antenna were tested for resonant frequency, return loss, VSWR, bandwidth, impedance, and polarization, and the simulation results were compared. The measurements carried out with a Vector Network Analyzer, showed a return loss of -18, a VSWR of 1.29, a bandwidth of 100 MHz, an impedance of 47ohms, and a high gain of 18 dB at 2.42 GHz. Both the simulation and measurement results demonstrated good agreement, with frequency bands of interest that were very close and stable with high-gain omnidirectional radiation characteristics. Thus, the antenna is well-suited to meet the requirements of GPR applications

Malware Detection Approaches Based on Operation Codes (OpCodes) of Executable Programs: A Review

A malicious software, or Malware for a short, poses a threat to computer systems, which need to be analyzed, detected, and eliminated. Generally, malware is analyzed in two ways: dynamic malware analysis and static malware analysis. The former collects features dataset during running of the malware, and involves malware APIs, registry activities, file activities, process activities, and network activities based features. The latter collects features dataset prior and without running the malware, and involves Operational Codes (OpCodes) and text based (Bytecodes) features. However, several previous researchers addressed and reviewed malware detection approaches based on various aspects, but none of them addressed and reviewed the approaches merely based on malware OpCodes. Therefore, this paper aims to review Malware Detection Approaches based on OpCodes. The review explores, demonstrates, and compares the existing approaches for detecting malware according to their OpCodes only, and finally presents a comprehensive comparable envisage about them

Pectoral Muscle Removal in Digital Mammograms Using Region Based Standard Otsu Technique

Mammography is usually the first preference of imaging diagnostic modalities used for detection of breast cancer in the early stage. Two projections Cranio Caudal (CC) and Medio-Lateral Oblique (MLO) which depict different degrees for visualizing the breast are used during digital mammogram acquisition and the MLO view shows more breast tissue and Pectoral Muscle (PM) area when compared to CC view. Although, the PM is a criterion used to show proper positioning, it can result in biased results of mammographic analysis like: cancer detection and breast tissue density estimation, because the PM area has similar or even higher intensity than breast tissue and breast lesions if present. This paper proposed a Region Based Standard Otsu thresholding method for the elimination of PM area present in MLO mammograms. The proposed algorithm was implemented using 322 digital mammograms from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database, and the difference between the PM detected and the manually drawn PM region by an expert was evaluated. The results showed an average: Jaccard Similarity Index, False Positive Rate (FPR) and False Negative Rate (FNR) of 93.2%, 3.54% and 5.68% respectively and also an acceptable rate of 95.65

Dance Gesture Recognition Using Laban Movement Analysis with J48 Classification

This study describes the introduction of classical dance movements using the Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) method which consists of 3 main components, namely Body, Space, and Shape. How to carry out the classical motion recognition process using Kinect which is then read by the screen using the Brekel Kinect and produces dance motion pictures in different formats (. * BVH). After that, it is calculated using the LMA method by obtaining the results obtained in the form of numerical data from each joint from the direction of the axis (xyz), then classification is carried out using the J48 classification method provided at WEKA tools after 50 training data is carried out. 96% truth is recognized, because it guarantees those who meet the requirements, 12 data tests are carried out apart from training data, which can be 92% accurate on average, so it is very possible that this method can be used in dance preparation, especially in classical dance

Smart System Side Slip Tester Results Accuracy Improvement Using Exponential Filter

According to Article 6, Paragraph 1, of Law No. 55 of 2012 Concerning Cars, cars that are not roadworthy are particularly harmful for the safety of passengers and other road users. The front wheel ring, which has a significant impact on the safety of the motorized vehicle, is one of the technical requirements for roadworthiness. The front wheel pins make sure the car can go straight, which is related to the steering system's safety and has an impact on fuel economy. Through routine testing at the motor vehicle testing facility owned by the Transportation Service, the front wheel valve examination is performed using a front wheel blade test tool known as the Side Slip Tester. Previously, a lot of the automobile test equipment used at various test facilities was impractical and inaccurate. The construction of a smart system for evaluating wheel blades on cars is covered in this study, along with the implementation of an exponential filter to improve and lower the noise in sensor readings of ADC signals. By comparing the readings of the manufactured tool with a calibrated dial indicator, tests and calibrations are performed. The graph shows that the response to the input signal is quick and excellent for noise filtering, so based on the results of the exponential filter test, 0.2 is the ideal weight for the ADC reading filter. The 9 mm side slip bench shear test yields a maximum error result of 3% following tool calibration