9 research outputs found

    The Influence of verbalization on the pattern of cortical activation during mental arithmetic

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study at 3 T was to investigate the influence of the verbal-visual cognitive style on cerebral activation patterns during mental arithmetic. In the domain of arithmetic, a visual style might for example mean to visualize numbers and (intermediate) results, and a verbal style might mean, that numbers and (intermediate) results are verbally repeated. In this study, we investigated, first, whether verbalizers show activations in areas for language processing, and whether visualizers show activations in areas for visual processing during mental arithmetic. Some researchers have proposed that the left and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and the left angular gyrus (AG), two areas involved in number processing, show some domain or modality specificity. That is, verbal for the left AG, and visual for the left and right IPS. We investigated, second, whether the activation in these areas implied in number processing depended on an individual's cognitive style.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>42 young healthy adults participated in the fMRI study. The study comprised two functional sessions. In the first session, subtraction and multiplication problems were presented in an event-related design, and in the second functional session, multiplications were presented in two formats, as Arabic numerals and as written number words, in an event-related design. The individual's habitual use of visualization and verbalization during mental arithmetic was assessed by a short self-report assessment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed in both functional sessions that the use of verbalization predicts activation in brain areas associated with language (supramarginal gyrus) and auditory processing (Heschl's gyrus, Rolandic operculum). However, we found no modulation of activation in the left AG as a function of verbalization.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results confirm that strong verbalizers use mental speech as a form of mental imagination more strongly than weak verbalizers. Moreover, our results suggest that the left AG has no specific affinity to the verbal domain and subserves number processing in a modality-general way.</p

    Verbalization and visualization in arithmetic problem solving

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    Einige Forschergruppen nehmen an, dass der Gyrus angularis (GA) links und der intraparietale Sulcus (IPS) bilateral auf eine modalitĂ€tsspezifische Weise an der Zahlenverarbeitung beteiligt sind (GA = verbal, IPS = visuell; z.B. Dehaene et al., 2003). Wenn dies zutrifft, sollte die Aktivierung in diesen Arealen beim mentalen Rechnen eine Modulierung zeigen in AbhĂ€ngigkeit vom bevorzugten kognitiven Stil. Im Modell zum visuell-verbal kognitiven Stil werden Verbalisierer und Visualisierer unterschieden. Es wird angenommen, dass Verbalisierer Informationen verbal-analytisch reprĂ€sentieren, das heißt bei der Informationsverarbeitung in Gedanken mitsprechen, und dass Visualisierer Informationen bildhaft oder schematisch reprĂ€sentieren, das heißt Bilder vor dem geistigen Auge sehen (Blazhenkova & Kozhevnikov, 2009).Die durchgefĂŒhrten fMRI-Studien brachten zwei Hauptergebnisse: (1) Je stĂ€rker jemand beim arithmetischen Problemlösen visualisiert, umso stĂ€rker ist die Aktivierung in Gehirnarealen, die an der visuellen Prozessverarbeitung beteiligt sind. (2) Je stĂ€rker jemand beim arithmetischen Problemlösen verbalisiert, umso stĂ€rker ist die Aktivierung in Gehirnarealen, die an der verbalen und auditorischen Prozessverarbeitung beteiligt sind sowie im GA links. Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann man folgern, dass sich unterschiedliche kognitive Stile in unterschiedlicher Gehirnaktivierung widerspiegeln, und, dass der GA links modalitĂ€tsspezifisch an der Zahlenverarbeitung beteiligt ist. Des Weiteren wurde ein Fragebogen zur Erhebung des visuell-verbal kognitiven Stils beim Lösen arithmetischer Aufgaben entwickelt. Der entwickelte Fragebogen erfasst mit 75 Items die Bereiche Visualisierung von Zahlen, Visualisierung von Objekten, Visualisierung von Rechenzeichen, Verbalisierung in Gedanken und Verbalisierung laut. Die internen Konsistenzen erwiesen sich als hoch und konvergente (SelbsteinschĂ€tzung) sowie diskriminante ValiditĂ€t (Intelligenz, Persönlichkeit) sind gegeben.Some researchers proposed that the left angular gyrus (AG) and the left and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) show some modality-specificity in number processing (AG = verbal, IPS = visual; e.g., Dehaene et al., 2003). If these proposals are true, the activation within these areas should show a modulation as a function of the preferred cognitive style. In the model of the visual-verbal cognitive style visualizers and verbalizers are distinguished. Verbalizers report to repeat information during thinking verbally, whereas visualizers claim to represent information during thinking pictorially or schematically (Blazhenkova & Kozhevnikov, 2009).Two main findings emerged from our study. First, the higher the self-reported use of visualization during mental arithmetic the higher the activation within brain areas involved in visual processing. Second, the higher the self-reported use of verbalization during mental arithmetic the higher the activation within brain areas involved in verbal and auditory processing, as well as within the left AG. These results indicate that different cognitive styles show different brain activation patterns, and that the left AG is engaged in number processing in a modality-specific way. A German questionnaire to assess the visual-verbal cognitive style in arithmetic problem solving was developed. The final questionnaire contains 75 items to assess visualization of numbers, visualization of objects, visualization of arithmetic operators, verbalization in thought alone, and verbalization aloud. Internal consistencies are high, and convergent (self-assessment) as well as discriminate validity (intelligence, personality) are given.Sabrina Angela ZarnhoferAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Diss., 2012OeBB(VLID)22412
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