Analysis and reduction of stimulated raman scattering in DWDM fibre optic communication system

Stimulated Raman scattering effect is one of the Non linear effects in Dense wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) Fibre Optic communication system. The effect of Stimulated Raman Scattering causes power to be transferred from lower wavelength channel to higher wavelength channel. In the long haul transmission system, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is a possible technique to use. In addition, long haul transmission level power and optical amplifier are needed to be considered. Feeding the high power to the fiber can also activate the effect of nonlinearity like Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS). SRS effects aredecrease the peak power, decrease the OSNR, andoptical crosstalk andbut increase bit errors is the main destructive phenomena in high data rate optical communication systems.This thesis analyses the effect of SRS in DWDM fibre optic communication system on the power distribution of 8x10Gbps and 16x10Gbpsafter propagates along 25 km, 50 km, 75 km and 100 km along single mode fibre optic cable. SRS effect is studied for various power levels of individual channels which are simulated using Optisystem 8.0 in order to obtainthe effect of SRS like optical spectrum after transmission through the fibre optic cable. SRS effect is reduced by using backward Raman amplifier. The performance results are evaluated in term of eye diagram and bit error rate BER) using a single pump with 1427 nm wavelength and different pump power. An 8 channel DWDM fibre optic communication system with below than 10mW input power and 25 km fibre optic length; and 8 channel has no effect of SRS

Effect of dust on the operation of photovoltaic solar panels installed in the Hodna region - Experimental study

In this work, an experimental study of the effect of dust on the operation of photovoltaic solar panels was conducted in the Hodna region. For this, a monocrystalline type of solar panel was tested with a power of 100W. A quantity of dust was scattered for the first tests during the month of March 2022, then the voltage and current were measured. The second tests were conducted under outdoor M’sila conditions for two months. The results obtained show that the accumulation of dust on the surface of the panels reduces the passage of solar radiation on the one hand, and leads to a rise in the temperature of the panels on the other hand, which reduces the energy produced by the photovoltaic system. Therefore, periodic cleaning of photovoltaic solar panels is necessary

Designing an Effective Collaboration using Information Technology Towards World Class University

One of the challenges in achieving success in the global competition for the government is to set up higher education institutions to be able to become a World Class University (WCU). It is believed that to address this challenge they need effective collaboration for both internally and externally where information technology (IT) is set as an enabler. However, in fact, this research has found that it is still not utilized effectively although the need for the collaboration has clearly stated in the organization's strategic direction. This paper aims to increase such an effective collaboration model for higher education in Indonesia towards WCU. By using one of reputable state Islamic universities in Indonesia as research object, UIN Maliki Malang, which consist of more than 17,000 students and staffs, this paper proposing a collaboration architecture model equipped with suitable supporting tools. As approaching methods, we use business model design and transformation by mapping study object's business strategic programs into proven collaborative model and their strategic planning of IS/IT. The result of the analysis conducted in the research shows that the majority of the strategic direction of UIN Maliki Malang requires collaboration using information technology both internally and externally. Additionally, UIN Maliki Malang also has facilitated by several collaborations tools within the organization. However, they still need a formal collaboration architecture model to achieve their strategic direction goals effectively. Thus, through the achievement of collaboration effectiveness using information technology, the achievement of a world class university can be realized

Prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan & International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Centre

Introduction: Data on the burden of thyroid disease in pregnant women in our community is scarce albeit the detrimental effects it brought to both the mother and fetus if left untreated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorders, socio-demography distribution, and method of diagnosis in pregnant women of both tertiary centres in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study involving patients under follow ups at the Endocrine and Obstetric Clinics of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) and International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Center (IIUM MC) from the 1st January until the 30th June 2017. Out of 923 pregnant women, 29 were found to have thyroid disorders. Detailed demographic data and thyroid function test readings were taken from their medical records and thyroid status were determined from TSH and FT4 readings using the trimester-specific thyroid reference range. Results: The prevalence of thyroid disorders in both centres was 3.14%, with specific prevalence of 2.80% for HTAA and 6.12% for IIUM MC. Nearly half of them were hyperthyroid (47.85%), 17.4% was hypothyroid and Graves’ disease dominated the diagnosis of thyroid disease (30.43%). Significant association was found in weight changes with patients’ thyroid status; reduction in weight in first trimester and increment in weight in second trimester were mainly seen in the hyperthyroid group (p<0.01, p=0.027). Conclusion: The acceptable prevalence of 3.14% for thyroid disorders in pregnancy could be contributed by the iodine availability in this community. High prevalence of Graves’ disease warrants future screening for maternal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin amongst hyperthyroid women

Review on carbonation study of reinforcement concrete incorporating with bacteria as self-healing approach

This study carried out a comprehensive review to determine the carbonation process that causes the most deterioration and destruction of concrete. The carbonation mechanism involved using carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to penetrate the concrete pore system into the atmosphere and reduce the alkalinity by decreasing the pH level around the reinforcement and initiation of the corrosion process. The use of bacteria in the concrete was to increase the pH of the concrete by producing urease enzyme. This technique may help to maintain concrete alkalinity in high levels, even when the carbonation process occurs, because the CO2 accelerates to the concrete and then converts directly to calcium carbonate, CaCO3 . Consequently, the self-healing of the cracks and the pores occurred as a result of the carbonation process and bacteria enzyme reaction. As a result of these reactions, the concrete steel is protected, and the concrete properties and durability may improve. However, there are several factors that control carbonation which have been grouped into internal and external factors. Many studies on carbonation have been carried out to explore the effect of bacteria to improve durability and concrete strength. However, an in-depth literature review revealed that the use of bacteria as a self-healing mechanism can still be improved upon. This review aimed to highlight and discuss the possibility of applying bacteria in concrete to improve reinforcement concrete

Characterisation of the corticospinal tract using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance imaging in Unilateral and Bilateral Cerebral Palsy patients

Neuroimaging is increasingly used to locate the lesion that causes cerebralpalsy (CP) and its extent in the brains of CP patients. Conventional structural magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) does not indicate the connectional pattern of white matter; however, with the helpof diffusion MRI, fibre tracking of white matter can be done.Methods: We used diffusion MRI and probabilistic tractography to identify the putativewhite matter connectivity in the brains of 10 CP patients. We tracked the corticospinal tract (CST)of the patients’ upper and lower limbs and calculated the white matter connectivity, as indexed bystreamlines representing the probability of connection of the CST.Results: Our results show that diffusion MRI with probabilistic tractography, while havingsome relation with the clinical diagnosis of CP, reveals a high degree of individual variation in thestreamlines representing the CST for upper and lower limbs.Conclusion: Diffusion MRI with probabilistic tractography provides the state ofconnectivity from lesioned areas to other parts of the brain and is potentially beneficial to beused as an adjunct to the clinical management of CP, providing a means to monitor interventionoutcomes

Students’ Inclination towards English Language as Medium of Instruction in the Teaching of Science and Mathematics

AbstractMalay language, the national language of Malaysia has been the medium of instruction for Science and Mathematics for the past four and a half decades in Malaysia. The government however changed the medium of instruction of these subjects to English in January 2003. The “Teaching and Learning of Science and Mathematics in English” (PPSMI) policy was implemented in all primary and secondary schools. It aims to improve the English language proficiency among students as well as the learning and achievement level in science and mathematics. This paper presents findings of the study on students’ inclination towards English language as medium of instruction in teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics in Higher Learning Institutions in Malaysia. The respondents were 291 undergraduate students from the Faculty of Science and Technology (FST) and Faculty of Education (FPEND) of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). A questionnaire pertaining to students’ inclination was used as research instrument. Using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test, the study found that undergraduate students of FST and FPEND had an inclination towards English as medium of instruction in the teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics. Using the Post-Hoc test, it is found that Indian students and students from other races than Malay and Chinese have greater inclination towards English as medium of instruction in teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics in UKM for both faculties. However, FST students who studied in Mandarin and Tamil at pre-university level (STPM) had higher inclination compared to those who used Malay language or even English

MANAJEMEN SEKOLAH BERBASIS PARTISIPATIF DALAM PENINGKATAN NILAI AKREDITASI SEKOLAH (STUDI DESKRIPTIF KUALITATIF DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI 21 KOTA BENGKULU)

The objective of this research is to describe the participation school based management in hand school accreditation at Junior High School Number 21 Bengkulu City. The subject of the research were principal, teachers, vice principal, administrative staff, and committee. The data collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis qualitative used the analysis of Miles and Huberman. The results generally show that the principal has been trying participation school based management in hand school accreditation at Junior High School Number 21 Bengkulu City

Towards managing the evaluation on green hotel initiatives

Nowadays, the ecological concerns have impact to the consumers purchasing behaviour and demand towards environmental friendly products and services. Tourism is one of the industries that hugely depend on the well-being of the environment as tourists travelling millions of miles away to see the environment that are exotic, clean and unpolluted. It is not deniable this industry has also the potential threatening condition of natural environment. Over recent years, there has been an explosive growth of interest in the eco-friendly initiatives on saving the environments. Green initiative is actively implements in many sites of hotel industry businesses. The hotels management is moving forward on supporting the green initiative to keep environment clean in order to minimize the impacts to the environment. This paper presents Green Hotel Initiatives Evaluation System (GHIES) which was developed to help the hotel on managing their green hotel initiatives. The system is capable to measure, evaluate, and provide recommendations and reports to assist the hotel towards better initiatives in the future

Physicians’ attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding antibiotic prescriptions

Objectives: Inappropriate and overuse of antimicrobials, incorrect dosing, and extended duration are some of the leading causes of antibiotic-resistance that have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rational antibiotic prescribing among physicians in a teaching hospital in Oman, with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and interventions that could lead to judicious use of antimicrobials and reduce the emergence of resistant organisms Methods: A cross-sectional study assessing physicians’ knowledge of and attitudes towards prescribing antibiotics was conducted at the Royal Hospital from 15 January to 31 March 2020. Likert scales were used to evaluate physicians’ awareness and perception of personal performance regarding the care of patients with infections and rational use of antibiotics. Results: Inadequate hand washing was regarded as the most important factor contributing to AMR (51.6%), followed by widespread use of antibiotics (49%), prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics (47.3%), lack of effective narrow-spectrum antibiotics (47.3%), inappropriate duration of antibiotic therapy (46.2%), inappropriate empirical choice of antibiotics (45.1%), poor access to information on local antibiotic resistance patterns (40.8%), and inadequate restrictions on antibiotic prescribing (34.4%). Other factors contributing to AMR such as lack of local hospital guidelines on antibiotic usage, random mutations in microbes, patient demands and expectations for antibiotics, and the role of pharmaceutical companies in advertising and promoting use of antibiotics were deemed important by 33.3%, 26.8%, 22.5% and 20.4%, respectively. Conclusions: AMR is a global health threat with significant effect on the health system and the economy. Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials remain the main drivers for the development of drug-resistant pathogens. Identifying knowledge gaps and planning interventions that could lead to judicious use of antimicrobials including establishing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program are of paramount importance in reducing AMR in the twenty-first century and beyond