Ablative Fractional CO2 Laser may be a Novel Treatment for Tattoo Allergic Reaction

A 47 year-old woman presented with eight-month history of tattoo allergic reaction of eyebrows after botulinum toxin A injection that was resistant to oral, topical and intralesional injection of corticosteroids. Multiple sessions of treatment with CO2 fractional laser resulted in significant flattening of allergic papules and plaques as well as reduction of tattoo pigmentatio

Aphasia in multilingual patients

Purpose of Review We summarize recent published work concerning assessment and treatment of aphasia in bilingual and multilingual people and review current related models of treatment outcomes. As well, we discuss studies that address the recently debated topic of cognitive processes in bilingual individuals with aphasia, with a focus on the effects of bilingualism on aphasia recovery and its potential protective effects. Recent Findings Providing assessment and treatment tools that best serve multilingual individuals with aphasia and unpacking the variables and mechanisms that underlie response to treatment have emerged as goals of several recent studies. Additionally, while findings are still contradictory, some empirical studies reported that aphasia may manifest less severely in multilingual individuals and may improve faster compared to in monolingual counterparts. Summary The findings of recent studies with the focus of aphasia in multilingual individuals are crucial to understanding theoretical and clinical aspects of brain-related language impairment in multilingual people and to the study of language representation and processing in the brain

The Use of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) for the Treatment of Vascular Lesions

 According to the English literature, various lasers and light sources (i,g. argon ion lasers, pulsed KTP lasers, diode lasers and Nd:YAG lasers, pulsed dye laser(PDL), intense pulsed light sources (IPLS) are applicable for the treatment of different vascular lesions. These conditions are the most important indication for laser therapy. This review summarizes the current literature on IPL with regard to the treatment of vascular lesion

Comparing the therapeutic effects of 6-gingerol and hydro-alcoholic extract of ginger on polycystic ovary syndrome in Wistar rat

Background and aims: PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by amenorrhea, hyper androgens, hirsutism, chronic anovulation and infertility. The aim of the present study was determining the effects of ginger extract, and 6-gingerol on hormonal levels and ovarian follicles in induced PCOS rats, and comparing the ameliorating effects of these two substances for treatment of PCOS. Methods: In this experimental research, 42 adult female Wistar rats weighting between 160 g-180 g were divided into six groups of 7 animals. PCOS control that received no injection. PCOS received intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg of ginger extract (for 28 days). Statistical analyses with SPSS, one-way ANOVA, T-test and Duncan test were used to compare groups. Results: In comparison with PCOS control, the treatment of PCOS rats with ginger extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and 6-gingerol (200 and 400 µg/kg) led to significant decrease in LH levels. There was a decrease in FSH levels, but the significant one was only in the 6-gingerol treated group (400 µg/kg). In PCOS treated groups with ginger extract and 6-gingerol, the serum levels of estradiol decreased significantly compared to control and PCOS control groups (P<0.001). Progesterone levels in PCOS groups injected with ginger extract and 6-gingerol showed a significant increase (P<0.05). In PCOS treated groups with ginger extract and 6-gingerol, testosterone levels decreased significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: 6-gingerol and ginger extract may be a useful treatment for improving the PCOS through reduction of estrogen, testosterone, LH and FSH, and improvement of ovulation. In fact, because of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of ginger components, especially 6-gingerol, they can cause to improve PCOS

Effect of Passive Transfer of Anti-Hydatid Cyst Antigen Antisera on Melanoma Tumor Growth in Animal Model

Introduction: Hydatid cyst is the larval stage of Echinococcusgranulosus, a parasite responsible for hydatid disease in human and livestock. The Effect of different antigens of this parasite in preventing the growth of tumor cells has been demonstrated in various studies. Therefore, in this work the effect of passive transfer of antisera raised against different antigens of Hydatid cyst on melanoma cancer growth in animal model has been investigated.Methods: In this experimental study, antisera against different antigens of hydatid cyst raised in rabbits. C57/black mice were injected with melanoma cells and then they received anti hydatid cyst antigen antisera. Control mice received normal rabbit serum or saline. Tumor size in the case and control groups was measured. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and one-way Anova test.Findings: The mean tumor area in mice that received antisera against hydatidcyst fluid, protoscolices crude antigen, excretory-secretory antigens of protoscolices and cuticular layer was not significantly different from tumor area of control mice.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that injection of antisera against antigens of hydatid cyst had no significant effect on melanoma tumor growth. So it is recommended that effect of transfer of immune cells is investigated in future studies

Burden of injury along the development spectrum : associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. Results For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.Peer reviewe

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future