Semilogarithmic Nonuniform Vector Quantization of Two-Dimensional Laplacean Source for Small Variance Dynamics

In this paper high dynamic range nonuniform two-dimensional vector quantization model for Laplacean source was provided. Semilogarithmic A-law compression characteristic was used as radial scalar compression characteristic of two-dimensional vector quantization. Optimal number value of concentric quantization domains (amplitude levels) is expressed in the function of parameter A. Exact distortion analysis with obtained closed form expressions is provided. It has been shown that proposed model provides high SQNR values in wide range of variances, and overachieves quality obtained by scalar A-law quantization at same bit rate, so it can be used in various switching and adaptation implementations for realization of high quality signal compression

Multiproduct Uniform Polar Quantizer

The aim of this paper is to reduce the complexity of the unrestricted uniform polar quantizer (UUPQ), keeping its high performances. To achieve this, in this paper we propose the multiproduct uniform polar quantizer (MUPQ), where several consecutive magnitude levels are joined in segments and within each segment the uniform product quantization is performed (i.e. all levels within one segments have the same number of phase levels). MUPQ is much simpler for realization than UUPQ, but it achieves similar performances as UUPQ. Since MUPQ has low complexity and achieves much better performances than the scalar uniform quantizer, it can be widely used instead of scalar uniform quantizers to improve performances, for any signal with the Gaussian distribution

Asymptotic Analysis of Optimal Piecewise Uniform Polar Quantization

In this paper, a simple and complete asymptotical analysis is given for a mean square error (MSE) piecewise uniform polar quantizer (PUPQ). We show that PUPQ has the same performance as the asymptotic nonuniform polar quantizer (NPQ) and has implementation complexity between complexities of NPQ and uniform polar quantization. The goal of this paper is solving the quantization problem in case of PUPQ and finding the corresponding support region

Piecewise uniform switched vector quantization of the memoryless two-dimensional Laplace source

A simple and complete asymptotical analysis of an optimal piecewise uniform quantization of two-dimensional memoryless Laplacian source with the respect to distortion (D) i.e. the mean-square error (MSE) is presented. Piecewise uniform quantization consists of L different uniform vector quan-tizers. Uniform quantizer optimality conditions and all main equations for optimal number of output points and levels for each partition are presented (using rectangular cells). The optimal granular distortion (i) for each partition in a closed form is derived. Switched quantization is used in order to give higher quality by increasing signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) in a wide range of signal volumes (variances) or to decrease necessary sample rate

Log-Polar Quantizer with the Embedded G.711 Codec

In this paper a new two-dimensional vector quantizer for memoryless Gaussian source, realized in polar coordinates, is proposed. The G.711 codec is embedded in our vector quantizer, and therefore our vector quantizer is compatible with the G.711 codec. It is simple for realization and it has much better performances, compared to the G.711 codec, such as much higher SQNR (signal-to-quantization noise ratio) for the same bit-rate, or bit-rate decrease for the same SQNR. The G.711 codec is widely used in many systems, especially in PSTN (public switched telephone network). Due to compatibility with the G.711 standard, our vector quantizer can be realized with simple software modification of the existing the G.711 codec, and therefore it can be very easily implemented in PSTN and other systems. So, small investments are needed for wide implementation of our model, but significant improvement of performances can be obtained

Belle II Technical Design Report

The Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider has collected almost 1 billion Y(4S) events in its decade of operation. Super-KEKB, an upgrade of KEKB is under construction, to increase the luminosity by two orders of magnitude during a three-year shutdown, with an ultimate goal of 8E35 /cm^2 /s luminosity. To exploit the increased luminosity, an upgrade of the Belle detector has been proposed. A new international collaboration Belle-II, is being formed. The Technical Design Report presents physics motivation, basic methods of the accelerator upgrade, as well as key improvements of the detector.Comment: Edited by: Z. Dole\v{z}al and S. Un

Infrastructure for Detector Research and Development towards the International Linear Collider

The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry.Comment: 54 pages, 48 picture

Performance Analysis of Two 8-Bit Floating-Point-based Piecewise Uniform Quantizers for a Laplacian Data Source

In this paper, we employ the analogy between the representation of the floating-point (FP) format and the representation level distribution of the piecewise uniform quantizer (PWUQ) to assess the performance of FP-based solutions more thoroughly. We present theoretical derivations to assess the performance of the FP format and the PWUQ determined by this format for input data from the Laplacian source. We also provide a performance comparison of two selected 8-bit FP-based PWUQs. Beyond the typical evaluation of the applied FP format, through the accuracy degradation caused by the application of both FP8 solutions in neural network compression, we also use objective quantization measures. This approach offers insights into the robustness of these 8-bit FP-based solutions with respect to changes in input variance, which can be important when the input variance changes. The results demonstrate that the allocation of bits to encode the exponent and mantissa in the FP8 format is important, as it can significantly impact overall performance

Inclusive search for same-sign dilepton signatures in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

An inclusive search is presented for new physics in events with two isolated leptons (e or mu) having the same electric charge. The data are selected from events collected from p p collisions at root s = 7 TeV by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb(-1). The spectra in dilepton invariant mass, missing transverse momentum and jet multiplicity are presented and compared to Standard Model predictions. In this event sample, no evidence is found for contributions beyond those of the Standard Model. Limits are set on the cross-section in a fiducial region for new sources of same-sign high-mass dilepton events in the ee, e mu and mu mu channels. Four models predicting same-sign dilepton signals are constrained: two descriptions of Majorana neutrinos, a cascade topology similar to supersymmetry or universal extra dimensions, and fourth generation d-type quarks. Assuming a new physics scale of 1 TeV, Majorana neutrinos produced by an effective operator V with masses below 460 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. A lower limit of 290 GeV is set at 95% confidence level on the mass of fourth generation d-type quarks