The economics of the use of numerically controlled machine tools and program development

Brief History The introduction of numerically controlled machine tools into the manufacturing industries and design considerations for their technological progress. Classification Considered from three aspects: type of control, the machine tools with which they are combined and the procedure involved in machining. Programming The preparatory work which must be carried out before components can be machined in an N.C. machine tool. This includes planning and encoding the information into the input medium, using manual or computer assisted methods. N.C. Economics The number and type of N.C, machines in use in the U.K. are shown, plus an indication of their cost. This emphasises the fact that justification must be on economic grounds. Cost Analysis Comparison of N.C. and conventional methods. Examination of justification calculations shows the danger of using short cut methods. The method of discounting estimated future returns is used to show that accurate forecasting and alternative methods of investment must be considered before a decision can be made. Consideration of Batch Size A rational method of assessing batch size and component complexity is shown. Graphical results of several methods of manufacture are used to indicate the economic advantages and disadvantages of each process. Economic Considerations of Programming 'Analysed under two headings: planning and programming, the latter being considered under the headings of manual and computer assisted. The cost of preparing a control tape ready for prove out is examined and an analysis of special and general purpose systems has been carried out. Comparison of Methods The relative merits of in-house or computer bureau service have been analysed and a decision process outlined to assist in the correct system selection. Program Development Cost and levels of tape verification are considered, plus the essential facts of producing an accurate control tape. Methods of eliminating setting errors are considered. Program format is illustrated and an error checking program developed, using Fortran. Appendix A Fortran program description (T.E.S.P.) B Module table calibration chart. C Graph plotter output

In the Wildwood Where the Blue-Bells Grew / words by Herbert H. Taylor

Cover: drawing of a woodland scene with a farm in the background and flowers (Blue-Bells) in the foreground; photo inset of a man.; Publisher: New York Music Publishing House (New York)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/sharris_b/1081/thumbnail.jp

When You\u27re Away / music by Victor Herbert; words by Henry Blossom

Cover: Floral Illustration; photo inset of a woman\u27s portrait; Publisher: M. Witmark and Sons (New York)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/sharris_c/1079/thumbnail.jp

The Red Mill / music by Victor Herbert; words by Henry Blossom

Key of Bb. Cover: a drawing of a wind Mill.; Publisher: M. Witmark and Sons (New York)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/sharris_b/1075/thumbnail.jp

Zur Beschreibung einer massenmedialen (Re-)Konstruktion von Alltagswissen

"Der Beitrag skizziert einige Aspekte einer Wissenssoziologie der Massenmedien und darüber hinaus der Wirklichkeitskonstruktion jedermanns, die die Massenmedien durch diverse Inszenierungen sowohl indizieren als auch induzieren. Zum einen wird ein konzeptuelles Instrumentarium dargestellt, das den entsprechenden Zeichen- und Sinnkomplexitäten gerecht werden soll. Es geht insbesondere um soziologische Zugänge zu strukturellen und funktionalen Aspekten von visueller und sprachlicher Medienkultur bzw. Medientexten im Rahmen der Entfaltung mehr oder weniger komplementärer Begrifflichkeiten mit zunächst prinzipieller Ausrichtung. Zum anderen wird in Bezug auf ein empirisches Forschungsprojekt der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern die Werbung als eine Art Bühne verstanden werden kann, auf der in den Formen von Anzeigen und Spots kulturelle Sinnmuster 'aufgeführt' werden. Die Verfasser konzentrieren sich dabei auf einige inszenierte Muster sozialer Identitäten, die das (re-)inszenierte Alltagswissen der Werbung hauptsächlich bestimmen. Neben den Altersklassen kommen hier die Konstruktionen der Geschlechter, der Erotik (der Geschlechter) und des sozialen Status in Betracht." (Autorenreferat

Stop Fascist Assassins!

Political pamphlet advertising the American Student Union. 4 pages. Student Publications: The Campus Newspaper Collectio

Do Damped and Sub-damped Lyman-alpha Absorbers Arise in Galaxies of Different Masses?

We consider the questions of whether the damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) and sub-DLA absorbers in quasar spectra differ intrinsically in metallicity, and whether they could arise in galaxies of different masses. Using the recent measurements of the robust metallicity indicators Zn and S in DLAs and sub-DLAs, we confirm that sub-DLAs have higher mean metallicities than DLAs, especially at $z \lesssim 2$. We find that the intercept of the metallicity-redshift relation derived from Zn and S is higher than that derived from Fe by 0.5-0.6 dex. We also show that, while there is a correlation between the metallicity and the rest equivalent width of Mg II $\lambda 2796$ or Fe II $\lambda 2599$ for DLAs, no correlation is seen for sub-DLAs. Given this, and the similar Mg II or Fe II selection criteria employed in the discovery of both types of systems at lower redshifts, the difference between metallicities of DLAs and sub-DLAs appears to be real and not an artefact of selection. This conclusion is supported by our simulations of Mg II $\lambda 2796$ and Fe II $\lambda 2599$ lines for a wide range of physical conditions. On examining the velocity spreads of the absorbers, we find that sub-DLAs show somewhat higher mean and median velocity spreads ($\Delta v$), and an excess of systems with $\Delta v > 150$ km s$^{-1}$, than DLAs. Compared to DLAs, the [Mn/Fe] vs. [Zn/H] trend for sub-DLAs appears to be steeper and closer to the trend for Galactic bulge and thick disk stars, possibly suggesting different stellar populations. The absorber data appear to be consistent with galaxy down-sizing. The data are also consistent with the relative number densities of low-mass and high-mass galaxies. It is thus plausible that sub-DLAs arise in more massive galaxies on average than DLAs.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in New Astronom