Predictive models of minimum temperatures for the south of Buenos Aires province

Depending on the time of development of a crop temperature below 0 °C can cause damage to the plant, altering its development and subsequent yield. Since frosts are identified from the minimum air temperature, the objective of this research paper is to generate forecast -(predictive) models at 1, 3 and 5 days of the minimum daily temperature (Tmin) for Bahía Blanca city. Non-linear numerical models are generated using artificial neural networks and geometric models of finite elements. Six independent variables are used: temperature and dew point temperature at meteorological shelter level, relative humidity, cloudiness observed above the station, wind speed and direction measured at 10 m altitude. Data have been obtained between May and September from 1956 to 2015. Once the available data had been analyzed, this period was reduced to 2007–2015. For the selection of the most suitable model, the correlation coefficient of Pearson (R), the determination coefficient (R2) and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are evaluated. The results of the study determine that the geometric model of finite elements with 4 variables, over 9 years (2007–2015) and separated by the season of the year is the one that presents better adjustment in the forecast of Tmin with up to 5 days of anticipation.Fil: Hernandez, Gabriela Lorena. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Muller, Gabriela Viviana. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas. Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Villacampa, Yolanda. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Navarro González, Francisco José. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Aragonés, Luis. Universidad de Alicante; Españ

Practice Guideline Recommendations Summary: Treatment of Tics in People with Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders

Objective To make recommendations on the assessment and management of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Methods A multidisciplinary panel consisting of 9 physicians, 2 psychologists, and 2 patient representatives developed practice recommendations, integrating findings from a systematic review and following an Institute of Medicine–compliant process to ensure transparency and patient engagement. Recommendations were supported by structured rationales, integrating evidence from the systematic review, related evidence, principles of care, and inferences from evidence. Results Forty-six recommendations were made regarding the assessment and management of tics in individuals with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. These include counseling recommendations on the natural history of tic disorders, psychoeducation for teachers and peers, assessment for comorbid disorders, and periodic reassessment of the need for ongoing therapy. Treatment options should be individualized, and the choice should be the result of a collaborative decision among patient, caregiver, and clinician, during which the benefits and harms of individual treatments as well as the presence of comorbid disorders are considered. Treatment options include watchful waiting, the Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, and medication; recommendations are provided on how to offer and monitor these therapies. Recommendations on the assessment for and use of deep brain stimulation in adults with severe, treatment-refractory tics are provided as well as suggestions for future research

Использование растровых графических редакторов для обработки археологических материалов

В данной работе предлагается к рассмотрению компьютерная графика в качестве инструмента для создания стратиграфических чертежей и приводится краткое описание технологии, которая сегодня широко используется при составлении отчетов многих археологических экспедиций в Крыму

Elucidating tumour-associated microglia/macrophage diversity along glioblastoma progression and under ACOD1 deficiency

In glioblastoma (GBM), tumour-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) represent the major cell type of the stromal compartment and contribute to tumour immune escape mechanisms. Thus, targeting TAMs is emerging as a promising strategy for immunotherapy. However, TAM heterogeneity and metabolic adaptation along GBM progression represent critical features for the design of effective TAM-targeted therapies. Here, we comprehensively study the cellular and molecular changes of TAMs in the GL261 GBM mouse model, combining single-cell RNA-sequencing with flow cytometry and immunohistological analyses along GBM progression and in the absence of Acod1 (also known as Irg1), a key gene involved in the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Similarly to patients, we identify distinct TAM profiles, mainly based on their ontogeny, that reiterate the idea that microglia- and macrophage-like cells show key transcriptional differences and dynamically adapt along GBM stages. Notably, we uncover decreased antigen-presenting cell features and immune reactivity in TAMs along tumour progression that are instead enhanced in Acod1-deficient mice. Overall, our results provide insight into TAM heterogeneity and highlight a novel role for Acod1 in TAM adaptation during GBM progression.publishedVersio

Influence of crop load on the expression patterns of starch metabolism genes in alternate-bearing Citrus trees

[EN] The fruit is the main sink organ in Citrus and captures almost all available photoassimilates during its development. Consequently, carbohydrate partitioning and starch content depend on the crop load of Citrus trees. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms controlling the starch metabolism at the tree level in relation to presence of fruit. The aim of this study was to find the relation between the seasonal variation of expression and activity of the genes involved in carbon metabolism and the partition and allocation of carbohydrates in 'Salustiana' sweet orange trees with different crop loads. Metabolisable carbohydrates, and the expression and activity of the enzymes involved in sucrose and starch metabolism, including sucrose transport, were determined during the year in the roots and leaves of 40-year-old trees bearing heavy crop loads ('on' trees) and trees with almost no fruits ('off' trees). Fruit altered photoassimilate partitioning in trees. Sucrose content tended to be constant in roots and leaves, and surplus fixed carbon is channeled to starch production. Differences between 'on' and 'off' trees in starch content can be explained by differences in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP) expression/activity and alpha-amylase activity which varies depending on crop load. The observed relation of AGPP and UGPP (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) is noteworthy and indicates a direct link between sucrose and starch synthesis. Furthermore, different roles for sucrose transporter SUT1 and SUT2 have been proposed. Variation in soluble sugars content cannot explain the differences in gene expression between the 'on' and 'off' trees. A still unknown signal from fruit should be responsible for this control.The authors thank Dr. E. Primo-Millo for critically reviewing the manuscript. We also thank the staff of the ANECOOP experimental station in Museros (Valencia, Spain) for their support and assistance in the field management of the citrus orchard, and Helen Warburton for revising the language in the manuscript. This work has been partially supported by the Conselleria de Cultura, Educacio i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana [GV/2007/213 and GV/2009/034], Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia [BIO2010/18239] and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional [IIM01491.RI1].González Nebauer, S.; Renau Morata, B.; Lluch Gomez, YP.; Baroja Fernandez, E.; Pozueta-Romero, J.; Molina Romero, RV. (2014). Influence of crop load on the expression patterns of starch metabolism genes in alternate-bearing Citrus trees. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 80:105-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.032S1051138

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NA VIDA DAS CRIANÇAS PRÁTICA VIVENCIAL 1ª FASE DO CURSO DE ENFERMAGEM UNOESC XANXÊRE

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática vivencial realizada pela 1ª fase do curso de graduação em enfermagem, trata sobre os exercícios físicos, os quais, são essenciais na infância. A aprendizagem e a prática de exercícios são de extrema importância para a criança, uma vez que, vive uma fase de desenvolvimento da criança. Os exercícios físicos realizados com as crianças podem ser feito através de brincadeiras e alongamentos que são formas de promover uma vida saudável à elas. O foco do presente trabalho foi incentivar as atividades físicas em crianças de 0 a 4 anos de idade por intermédio de brincadeiras e alongamentos. Além de visar, prioritariamente, o desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento de mediadores, ou seja, de elementos básicos que influem significativamente na vida intelectual da criança e que se encontram subjacentes ao aprendizado da leitura e da escrita. OBJETIVO: Orientar as crianças sobre como realizar atividades físicas no ambiente escolar. METODOLOGIA: Para desenvolvimento das atividades, foi necessário, primeiramente, a busca por material bibliográfico auxiliar, afim de buscarmos nos aprofundar em conhecimento para poder repassá-lo às crianças, perante a isso, foi elaborado um informativo ilustrativo para ser colocado nas agendas das crianças. Foi montado, também, um plano de ação para que  houvesse uma sequência de atividades a serem realizadas com as crianças presentes no espaço escolar, pelos os acadêmicos da 1ª fase do curso de Enfermagem, no componente curricular Saúde Coletiva I. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Ao chegar no local combinado, primeiramente, foi direcionado o trabalho a ser realizado na turma do berçário, que pelo fato de, apresentar crianças de 0 a 1 ano, houve a necessidade de mudança nos planos de desenvolvimento das atividades. Ao conhecermos as crianças, houve  uma interação mais lúdica com elas, através de luvas enchidas em forma de balão e com brinquedos que haviam disponíveis, sendo que ao fim das atividades, foi auxiliado na organização da turma e sala. Posterior a isso, em um segundo momento, direcionamos o trabalho ao maternal, iniciando assim, com a apresentação programada e, em seguida, com a abordagem ao tema escolhido para realização da atividade. Após isso, foi iniciado a parte prática, onde foi ensinado métodos de alongamento e em seguida  uma maior interação e com a turma, com realização de atividades e brincadeiras. Por fim, como forma de gratidão pela oportunidade nos dada, distribuímos pirulitos às crianças e nos despedimos abrindo espaço para que novos grupos pudessem usar de seu tempo para as apresentações dos temas. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Apesar do conteúdo e as atividades não terem sido feitas de maneira como foi planejado, devido a baixa idade dos alunos do berçário, conseguimos concluir a ação de maneira satisfatória, uma vez que, o trabalho realizado fez com que nos sentíssemos bem junto com as crianças divertindo-as durante o período que estivemos em sua companhia.

Early biting and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles might compromise the effectiveness of vector control intervention in Southwestern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Southwestern Uganda has high malaria heterogeneity despite moderate vector control and other interventions. Moreover, the early biting transmission and increased resistance to insecticides might compromise strategies relying on vector control. Consequently, monitoring of vector behaviour and insecticide efficacy is needed to assess the effectiveness of strategies aiming at malaria control. This eventually led to an entomological survey in two villages with high malaria prevalence in this region. METHODS: During rainy, 2011 and dry season 2012, mosquitoes were collected in Engari and Kigorogoro, Kazo subcounty, using human landing collection, morning indoor resting collection, pyrethrum spray collection and larval collection. Circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in female Anopheles mosquitoes was detected using ELISA assay. Bioassays to monitor Anopheles resistance to insecticides were performed. RESULTS: Of the 1,021 female Anopheles species captured, 62% (632) were Anopheles funestus and 36% (371) were Anopheles gambiae s.l. The most common species were Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Engari (75%) and A. funestus in Kigorogoro (83%). Overall, P. falciparum prevalence was 2.9% by ELISA. The daily entomological inoculation rates were estimated at 0.17 and 0.58 infected bites/person/night during rainy and dry season respectively in Engari, and 0.81 infected bites/person/night in Kigorogoro during dry season. In both areas and seasons, an unusually early evening biting peak was observed between 6 - 8 p.m. In Engari, insecticide bioassays showed 85%, 34% and 12% resistance to DDT during the rainy season, dry season and to deltamethrin during the dry season, respectively. In Kigorogoro, 13% resistance to DDT and to deltamethrin was recorded. There was no resistance observed to bendiocarb and pirimiphos methyl. CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity of mosquito distribution, entomological indicators and resistance to insecticides in villages with high malaria prevalence highlight the need for a long-term vector control programme and monitoring of insecticide resistance in Uganda. The early evening biting habits of Anopheles combined with resistance to DDT and deltamethrin observed in this study suggest that use of impregnated bed nets alone is insufficient as a malaria control strategy, urging the need for additional interventions in this area of high transmission

HIV Tropism and Decreased Risk of Breast Cancer

During the first two decades of the U.S. AIDS epidemic, and unlike some malignancies, breast cancer risk was significantly lower for women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. This deficit in HIV-associated breast cancer could not be attributed to differences in survival, immune deficiency, childbearing or other breast cancer risk factors. HIV infects mononuclear immune cells by binding to the CD4 molecule and to CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine coreceptors. Neoplastic breast cells commonly express CXCR4 but not CCR5. In vitro, binding HIV envelope protein to CXCR4 has been shown to induce apoptosis of neoplastic breast cells. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that breast cancer risk would be lower among women with CXCR4-tropic HIV infection.We conducted a breast cancer nested case-control study among women who participated in the WIHS and HERS HIV cohort studies with longitudinally collected risk factor data and plasma. Cases were HIV-infected women (mean age 46 years) who had stored plasma collected within 24 months of breast cancer diagnosis and an HIV viral load≥500 copies/mL. Three HIV-infected control women, without breast cancer, were matched to each case based on age and plasma collection date. CXCR4-tropism was determined by a phenotypic tropism assay. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer were estimated by exact conditional logistic regression. Two (9%) of 23 breast cancer cases had CXCR4-tropic HIV, compared to 19 (28%) of 69 matched controls. Breast cancer risk was significantly and independently reduced with CXCR4 tropism (adjusted odds ratio, 0.10, 95% CI 0.002-0.84) and with menopause (adjusted odds ratio, 0.08, 95% CI 0.001-0.83). Adjustment for CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load, and use of antiretroviral therapy did not attenuate the association between infection with CXCR4-tropic HIV and breast cancer.Low breast cancer risk with HIV is specifically linked to CXCR4-using variants of HIV. These variants are thought to exclusively bind to and signal through a receptor that is commonly expressed on hyperplastic and neoplastic breast duct cells. Additional studies are needed to confirm these observations and to understand how CXCR4 might reduce breast cancer risk

DIRECT trial. Diverticulitis recurrences or continuing symptoms: Operative versus conservative Treatment. A MULTICENTER RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL

Background: Persisting abdominal complaints are common after an episode of diverticulitis treated conservatively. Furthermore, some patients develop frequent recurrences. These two groups of patients suffer greatly from their disease, as shown by impaired health related quality of life and increased costs due to multiple specialist consultations, pain medication and productivity losses. Both conservative and operative management of patients with persisting abdominal complaints after an episode of diverticulitis and/or frequently recurring diverticulitis are applied. However, direct comparison by a randomised controlled trial is necessary to determine which is superior in relieving symptoms, optimising health related quality of life, minimising costs and preventing diverticulitis recurrences against acceptable morbidity and mortality associated with surgery or the occurrence of a complicated recurrence after conservative management. We, therefore, constructed a randomised clinical trial comparing these two treatment strategies. Methods/design: The DIRECT trial is a multicenter randomised clinical trial. Patients (18-75 years) presenting themselves with persisting abdominal complaints after an episode of diverticulitis and/or three or more recurrences within 2 years will be included and randomised. Patients randomised for conservative treatment are treated according to the current daily practice (antibiotics, analgetics and/or expectant management). Patients randomised for elective resection will undergo an elective resection of the affected colon segment. Preferably, a laparoscopic approach is used. The primary outcome is health related quality of life measured by the Gastro-intestinal Quality of Life Index, Short-Form 36, EQ-5D and a visual analogue scale for pain quantification. Secondary endpoints are morbidity, mortality and total costs. The total follow-u