Algunos caracteres analíticos de variedades de semillas de algodón cultivadas en Turquía

Sixteen cottonseed varieties grown in Turkey were analysed. The average oil content in varieties ranged from 309.7g Kg-1 to 379.5g Kg-1 whereas the range in values of gossypol content for glanded varieties was 7.4-12.8g Kg-1. One glandless variety contained gossypol as 0.2g Kg-1. The samples contained 337.2- 466.5g Kg-1 protein. Fatty acid composition of the oils obtained from cottonseed varieties were also determined. Generally total gossypol content of cottonseed varieties were below the limits established by the some nations for human food or animal feed.Se han analizado dieciséis variedades de semillas de algodón cultivadas en Turquía. El contenido medio de aceite en las distintas variedades osciló entre 309,7g Kg-1 y 379,5g Kg-1 mientras que el contenido en gosipol para variedades con glándulas fue desde 7,4 a 12,8g Kg-1. Una variedad sin glándula tuvo un valor en gosipol de 0, Kg-1. El valor en proteínas de las muestras osciló entre 337,2 y 466,5g Kg-1. También se determinó la composición en ácidos grasos de los aceites obtenidos de las distintas variedades de semilla de algodón. Por lo general el contenido total en gosipol en las distintas variedades fue inferior a los límites establecidos por algunas naciones para su consumo humano o para alimentación animal

Physiological status of broiler chicks at pulling time and the relationship to duration of holding period

Newly hatched chicks may be held longer than 48 h and experience long periods of fasting in commercial hatcheries. Limited information is known about the physiological status of chicks in such situations, due to the difficulty of precisely recording time of hatch. This study investigated the effect of the time from hatch to pulling (holding period) on physiological measures/parameters in 109 broiler chicks. Fertile Ross 308 eggs were incubated in a custom built small-scale incubator. The individual hatching time of each focal chick was determined using eggshell temperature monitoring. At 'pulling' (512 h of incubation time), the quality of focal chicks was assessed using the chick scoring method and physiological parameters were measured including BW, organ (heart, liver and stomach) weights, blood values and plasma corticosterone level. The time from hatch to pulling varied from 7.58 to 44.97 h. Egg weight at setting was significantly correlated with chick BW and weight of organs at pulling, but had no effect on chick quality, blood values and plasma corticosterone. Relative BW at pulling was negatively associated with the duration of holding period (P=0.002). However, there was a positive correlation between relative stomach weight and the duration of the holding period (P<0.001). As the holding period duration increased, there was a trend that blood partial pressure of oxygen, haematocrit and haemoglobin also increased, and blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide, total carbon dioxide and bicarbonate decreased (P<0.05). A wide range of plasma corticosterone was observed from chicks that had experienced different durations of holding period. We conclude that shortening the hatch window and minimising the number of chicks that experience a long holding period before pulling may improve chick quality and physiological status, which may be due to unfavourable environmental conditions that include feed and water deprivation.status: publishe