The Effect of Media on Charitable Giving and Volunteering: Evidence from the `Give Five' Campaign

Fundraising campaigns advertised via mass media are common. To what extent such campaigns affect charitable behavior is mostly unknown, however. Using giving and volunteering surveys conducted biannually from 1988 to 1996, I investigate the e¡èect of a national fundraising campaign, "Give Five", on charitable giving and volunteering patterns. The widely advertised "Give Five" campaign was aimed to encourage people to give five percent of their income and volunteer five hours a week. After controlling for selection into being informed about the "Give Five", I find that people who were informed about the campaign increased their weekly volunteering activity on average by almost half an hour, but their giving behavior was not significantly affected. I discuss the policy implications associated with this result and argue that although the "Give Five" campaign did not achieve its goal, its economic impact was considerable.

Do Fundraisers Select Charitable Donors Based on Gender and Race? Evidence from Survey Data

Recent studies document that people are much more likely to donate to charity and volunteer their time when they are asked to. Using household surveys of giving and volunteering in the United States conducted from 1992 to 2001, which contain questions on whether the respondent was personally asked to give or volunteer, this paper investigates the factors associated with the probability of receiving a charitable solicitation and presents substantial evidence that race and gender differences play key roles in the selection of potential donors. In particular, males, blacks, and Hispanics are less likely to be solicited compared with females and whites. Using non-linear decomposition techniques, I find that differences in observable characteristics of individuals explain most of the racial gap in the probability of being solicited for charitable causes, but they fail to explain the gender gap in the probability of being asked to volunteer. Furthermore, these results are robust to alternative specifications. I also discuss related policy implications and argue that the economic impact of selecting potential donors based on gender and race can be considerable.

İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Kütüphanesi

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 111-Kütüphanelerİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

The Role of Gender Factor in the Effect of Personality Traits on Entrepreneurship Tendency

Entrepreneurship is one of the important economic phenomena of today.  The entrepreneurs who put the initiatives into operation, which constitute the most fundamental building block of the economy, keep the interest above all periods. It can be stated that, it is tried to be increased with the support and incentives of the state and also with grants especially today. Entrepreneurship is a key element of economic development, employment creation and increasing the level of welfare which countries emphasize strongly. Entrepreneurship is the process of carrying the opportunities offered by the environment into a business activity. There are many characteristics that entrepreneurs who can see these opportunities should have, and as one of them, the entrepreneurial tendencies of university students who are candidates to become entrepreneurs and the personality traits considered as one of the factors affecting this tendency have been tried to be determined by considering the gender factor. In the study, it was aimed to determine the role of gender factor in the effect of personality traits of university students on their tendency to be entrepreneurs. For this purpose, data from 300 university students were obtained from the online questionnaires sent to university students. Reliability analysis and descriptive statistics were made with SPSS 16 for these data. For the analysis of the hypotheses, the structural equation model was applied in AMOS 19 program. It was determined that extraversion and openness to development dimension of personality traits affected entrepreneurship tendency. Additionally, it was determined that age and gender among demographic factors also affected the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurship tendency. Keywords: Personality Traits, Entrepreneurial Traits, Entrepreneurial Tendency DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-6-17 Publication date:March 31st 202

FcMgv1, FcStuA AND FcVeA based genetic characterization in fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith)

Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) leads to economic losses in wheat and barley fields in Turkey as well as in many countries worldwide as a result of head blight and crown rot diseases. In this study, in vitro growth capacity of 33 F. culmorum isolates originating from Turkey and the relationship between phenotypic and genetic characteristics obtained based on similarities of FcMgv1, FcStuA and FcVeA genes were investigated. Linear growth rate values were recorded at 4th and 7th days of incubation. The mean linear growth rate values ranged from 7.58±1.06 to 14.7±1.26mm/day. The isolates F2 and 18F with relatively high linear growth values and the isolates 12F and F19 with relatively low linear growth values, were selected to be used in multiloci based genotyping analysis. FcMgv1, FcStuA and FcVeA genes were amplified in lengths of 1733, 2001 and 1898bp, respectively. The genes were sequenced, aligned and then subjected to BLASTn and to maximum likelihood topology analysis. Nucleotide sequence of each gene showed maximum hit with associated genes deposited in NCBI with 0.0-0.0 Evalues and 1188 to 3256 bit scores. Alignment analysis resulted in at least 89% bootstrap support. Moreover, isolates with similar linear growth rates were co-clustered in phylogenetic analysis. The findings obtained in this study showed that the three genes which are essential for fungal survival could be used in genetic characterization analysis and in revealing the associations between their genetic and phenotypic characteristics.Dünya çapında pek çok ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) başak yanıklığı ve kök çürüklüğü hastalıkları ile arpa ve buğday tarım alanlarında ekonomik kayıplara yol açar. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’den köken alan 33 F. culmorum izolatının in vitro büyüme kapasitesi ile FcMgv1, FcStuA ve FcVeA genetik benzerliği aracılığı ile elde edilen fenotipik ve genetik karakterlerin ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Doğrusal büyüme oranı değerleri inkübasyonun 4. ve 7. günlerinde kaydedilmiştir. Ortalama doğrusal büyüme oranlarının 7,58±1.06 ve 14,7±1.26mm/gün arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Göreceli olarak yüksek LGR değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenen F2 ile 18F izolatları ile göreceli olarak düşük LGR değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenen 12F ve F19 izolatları multilokus temelli genotiplendirme analizlerinde kullanılmak üzere seçilmiştir. FcMgv1, FcStuA ve FcVeA genlerine ait sırasıyla 1733, 2001 ve 1898bç ürünler elde edilmiştir. Genler dizilenmiş, bir araya getirilmiş ve BLASTn ile maksimum olasılık topoloji analizi yapılmıştır. Her bir genin nükleotid dizisi NCBI'da 0,0-0,0 Edeğeri ve 1188-3256 arası bit skoru vermiştir. Hizalama analizi en az %89 ön yükleme değeri ile sonuçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, benzer büyüme oranına sahip izolatlar filogenetik analizlerde aynı alt kümede yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, fungal yaşam için gerekli olan bu üç genin, genetik karakterizasyonda ve fenotipik ve genotipik özellikleri arasında ilişki kurulmasında kullanılabileceğini ortaya konmuştur

Effect of antenatal class attendance on fear of childbirth and antenatal stress

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of attending antenatal classes on fear of childbirth and antenatal stress in nulliparous pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 133 nulliparous pregnant women participated in the study, which had a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected by a descriptive data form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire, and the Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory (APSI). RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between antenatal class attendance and having a high schooling level and an intended pregnancy (p < 0.05). The mean fear of childbirthscore of pregnant women was 85.50 ± 19.41 before the training and 76.32 ± 20.52 after the training, and the difference between these scores was significant (p < 0.01). Fear of childbirth scores were not significantly different between the intervention group and the control group. The mean APSI score of pregnant women in the intervention group was 22.32 ± 6.12 before the training and 21.79 ± 5.97 after the training. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.70). CONCLUSION: The fear of childbirth score decreased significantly in the intervention group after the training

Developing an educational program for fourth-year students at Balikesir University’s school of health, department of midwifery, to learn and practice antenatal skills

Background:The objective of this study is to develop an educational program to improve the antenatal care practice skills of fourth-year students in the midwifery department at Balikesir University’s school of health.Methods:The control group included 39 students who had taken public healthcare courses in the 2009-2010 academic year. The intervention group consisted of 40 students who had taken the same courses in the 2010-2011 academic year. The study’s dependent variable was the skill level; its independent variable was the educational program. The data evaluation guide feedback form was collected. The students’ scores for prenatal care were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:The study found that midwives in the control group, which did not receive the educational program, did not apply some of the steps in prenatal health care, such as examining the bellies of pregnant women, measuring their folic acid, assessing laboratory tests and providing them with information about their examinations. In addition, there were other skills in prenatal health care and communication that this group either never applied or applied only after being reminded. However, almost all of the midwives in the intervention group were found to have used communication skills effectively and to have completed prenatal healthcare in the proper order and in a highly qualified manner.Conclusion:The educational program developed for midwife education and practice has been successful and effective. Almost all of the people in the control group have fully applied their healthcare follow-up skills.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS' LEVEL OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS AND THEIR CAPABILITY TO MANAGE CHANGE AT SCHOOLS

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between school administrators' levels of 21st century skills and their competencies in managing change, according to teachers' views. Moreover, it was investigated to reveal school administrators 21st century skills levels and their proficiency in managing change. In addition, it is aimed to reveal school administrators their 21st century skill levels and their proficiency in managing change. 290 teachers in Uşak participated in this quantitative research conducted in the relational survey model. As a research data collection tool, “The 21st Century Education Manager Skills Scale and the School Managers' Ability to Manage Change Scale were used. Correlation analyzes were also conducted along with descriptive statistics in order to determine the 21st century skills levels of school administrators and their proficiency in managing change. According to the results obtained, it has been seen that the 21st century skill levels of school administrators and their proficiency in managing change are at a very high level. Also, it has been determined that there is a high level of positive correlation between school administrators' proficiency levels of 21st century skills and their proficiency in managing change.  Article visualizations

The World Bank’s social assistance recommendations for developing and transition countries: Containment of political unrest and mobilisation of political support

This article presents a political-sociological analysis of the World Bank’s social assistance programmes in developing and transition countries. It builds on the argument that political objectives have played a critical role for the Bank in shaping these policies, including the prevention and containment of social unrest as well as mobilization of popular support. The paper presents empirical evidence based on an analysis of 447 World Bank policy recommendation documents published between 1980 and 2013. It was found that, despite the Bank’s denial of having any political agenda, many WB documents explicitly refer to social assistance as a possible instrument for governments to contain social unrest and mobilize political support. Moreover, the World Bank’s political concerns have increased steadily over the last three decades. The findings support the argument that international institutions such as the WB do not solely consider the well-being of people as an end in itself but also as a means of achieving further political goals. This political dimension of social assistance programmes has consequences for the way policy recommendations should be interpreted by political and social actors in developing and transition countries