Comparison of curative effect between OBS assisted by 3D printing and PFNA in the treatment of AO/OTA type 31-A3 femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients

ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the Ortho-Bridge System (OBS) clinical efficacy assisted by 3D printing and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) of AO/OTA type 31-A3 femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 25 elderly patients diagnosed with AO/OTA type 31-A3 femoral intertrochanteric fracture was conducted from January 2020 to August 2022 at Yan’an Hospital, affiliated to Kunming Medical University. The patients were divided into 10 patients in the OBS group and 15 in the PFNA group according to different surgical methods. The OBS group reconstructed the bone models and designed the guide plate by computer before the operation, imported the data of the guide plate and bone models into a stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printer, and printed them using photosensitive resin, thus obtaining the physical object, then simulating the operation and finally applying the guide plate to assist OBS to complete the operation; the PFNA group was treated by proximal femoral nail anti-rotation. The operation time, the intraoperative blood loss, Harris hip score (HHS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), and complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe operation time and the intraoperative blood loss in the PFNA group were less than that in the OBS group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The HHS during the 6th month using OBS was statistically higher than PFNA (P < 0.05), however, there were no significant differences in OHS during the 6th month between the OBS group and PFNA group (P > 0.05). The HHS and OHS during the 12th month in the OBS group were statistically better than in the PFNA group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe OBS assisted by 3D printing and PFNA are effective measures for treating intertrochanteric fractures. Prior to making any decisions regarding internal fixation, it is crucial to evaluate the distinct circumstances of each patient thoroughly

Ploidy variation on gene differential expression in cowpea

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the differences in gene expression profiles of diploid and autotetraploid in cowpea, and provided theoretical basis for screening key genes of differential expression and ploidy breeding. The phenotypes and contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and soluble protein of diploid and autotetraploid of cowpea were compared and transcriptome sequencing was performed. The autotetraploid leaves of cowpea were thicker and darker green than diploid leaves, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves were higher. A total of 2678 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in the diploid and autotetraploid of cowpea. Among them, there were 421 genes with higher expression of tetraploid than diploid, and 2257 genes with lower expression of tetraploid than diploid. All 2678 DEGs were annotated into the Gene Ontology (GO) functional library. The DEGs were mainly concentrated in metabolism and cell composition. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis showed that cowpea diploid and autotetraploid have significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis, degradation of other glycan, phenylpropane biosynthesis, starch sucrose metabolism, keratin, amber and wax biosynthesis, circadian rhythm and plant pathways

DDTs and HCHs in sediment cores from the Tibetan Plateau

Sediment cores were collected from five critical regions in the Tibetan Plateau and were analysed for OCPs with the objective of examining the time trends and recycling of DDTs and HCHs in the cryogenic area. A concurrent increase of the DDT and HCH concentrations from the late 1980s in Lake Yamzho Yumco, Nam Co and Star Sea were observed. The increasing levels of DDE/DDTs (>0.4) suggested that DDT in the upper layers of the sediment cores may be recycled/"weathered" DDT. Regarding the acceleration of glacier retreat from the 1980s due to global warming, it is suggested that OCPs formerly trapped either in the snow/glacier or in the frozen soil land recently reclaimed in the processes of glacier retreat may have been flushed into the sedimentary basins. These findings demonstrate the potential impact of global warming on the recycling of POPs in the plateau cryosphere and indicate that the pristine Tibetan Plateau may serve as one of the key probes to the global trend of POPs

The generation of glioma organoids and the comparison of two culture methods

Abstract Background The intra‐ and inter‐tumoral heterogeneity of gliomas and the complex tumor microenvironment make accurate treatment of gliomas challenging. At present, research on gliomas mainly relies on cell lines, stem cell tumor spheres, and xenotransplantation models. The similarity between traditional tumor models and patients with glioma is very low. Aims In this study, we aimed to address the limitations of traditional tumor models by generating patient‐derived glioma organoids using two methods that summarized the cell diversity, histological features, gene expression, and mutant profiles of their respective parent tumors and assess the feasibility of organoids for personalized treatment. Materials and Methods We compared the organoids generated using two methods through growth analysis, immunohistological analysis, genetic testing, and the establishment of xenograft models. Results Both types of organoids exhibited rapid infiltration when transplanted into the brains of adult immunodeficient mice. However, organoids formed using the microtumor method demonstrated more similar cellular characteristics and tissue structures to the parent tumors. Furthermore, the microtumor method allowed for faster culture times and more convenient operational procedures compared to the Matrigel method. Discussion Patient‐derived glioma organoids, especially those generated through the microtumor method, present a promising avenue for personalized treatment strategies. Their capacity to faithfully mimic the cellular and molecular characteristics of gliomas provides a valuable platform for elucidating tumor biology and evaluating therapeutic modalities. Conclusion The success rates of the Matrigel and microtumor methods were 45.5% and 60.5%, respectively. The microtumor method had a higher success rate, shorter establishment time, more convenient passage and cryopreservation methods, better simulation of the cellular and histological characteristics of the parent tumor, and a high genetic guarantee

The importance of interfacial stress-affected zone in evading the strength-ductility trade-off of heterogeneous multi-layered composites

The interfacial stress-affected zone (ISAZ), characterized by a stress gradient maximizing at the interface, is considered a key factor in determining the mechanical properties of heterogeneous multi-layered materials. In the past few decades, the ISAZ dimension has been routinely estimated by two-dimensional strain mapping or by computational modeling; accurate stress measurement remains technically challenging. In the present study, we confirmed the presence of the ISAZ and quantified the stress evolution process upon tension of Ti/Al multi-layered composites using in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction and in situ neutron diffraction. Our results demonstrated that the ISAZ spanned 15 μm and remained unchanged for the present model material, independent of the load and layer thickness. The length scale of 15 μm was closely correlated with the mechanical property in such a way that the model material exhibited the highest work hardening rate, the greatest uniform flow capacity, and the most dispersed crack distribution, only if the Al layer thickness was nearly twice the ISAZ size of 15 μm. Under that condition, the soft Al layer was almost fully occupied by two adjacent ISAZs, and such a perfectly-coated stress distribution may enable a more efficient interfacial constraint effect to achieve superior mechanical properties. The present study therefore opens a new window to optimize the mechanical properties by tailoring the layer thickness according to the ISAZ scale

Hydrogen-assisted growth of one-dimensional tellurium nanoribbons with unprecedented high mobility

High-mobility van der Waals ambipolar semiconductors are promising in logic and reconfigurable circuits, integrated optoelectronic circuits, due to the excellent gate-controlled capability and effectively tunability of major charge carriers by electrostatic field. Controllable growth of high-quality ambipolar semiconductors with high mobility and stability is highly glamorous and indispensable for further research. Here, we demonstrate a straightforward space-confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to synthesize high-quality quasi-one-dimensional (1D) tellurium (Te) nanoribbons (NRs). By introducing H2 into the gas flow, endothermic compound H2Te was generated from the reaction of liquid Te with H2, and consequently decomposed into elemental Te at low temperature. Further, the Te NRs have been utilized for in-situ fabrication of field-effect transistors (FETs) without transferring process. Ambipolar features are achieved using nickel (Ni) as an ohmic contact. More importantly, the mobilities of the Te NR transistor for hole/electron are as high as 1755/28.6 cm2V−1s−1 and 4024/278 cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature and under a temperature below 20 K, respectively. Our findings confirm the novel strategy for synthesizing 1D elemental semiconductors and their applications with ambipolar behaviors.Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)National Research Foundation (NRF)Submitted/Accepted versionThe authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB2008501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61974120 and 11904289), Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2020ZDLGY04-08, 2020GXLH-Z-027, and 2021JZ-43), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2023-JC-YB-495 and 2022JQ-659), the Key Program for International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of Shaanxi Province (2018KWZ-08), the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (202003N4003), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3102019PY004, 31020190QD010, and 3102019JC004), the start-up funds from Northwestern Polytechnical University, and open research fund of the State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays. This work was also supported by National Research Foundation–Competitive Research Program NRF-CRP22-2019-0007 and NRF-CRP21-2018-0007, and supported by A*STAR under its AME IRG Grant (Project No. A2083c0052)