An Improved Adaptive Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for ARAIM Availability

Civil aviation transportation equipment is more convenient and faster than other transportation tools and is an essential part of intelligent transportation. It is significant to study the reliability of positioning information and enhance traffic safety. Advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM) can provide vertical guidance during the different navigation stages in civil aviation fields. The traditional multiple hypothesis solution separation (MHSS) algorithm distributes the probability of hazardous misleading information (PHMI) and probability of false alarm (PFA) uniformly over all visible satellites resulting in reduced global availability of ARAIM. Aiming at this problem, we proposed an adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (ASAPSO) algorithm to redistribute integrity and continuity risks and establish a protection level optimization model. Based on the real BeiDou navigation satellite system/global positioning system (BDS/GPS) data, the experimental results show that the optimized algorithm can reduce the vertical protection level (VPL), and the ARAIM global availability of BDS/GPS is improved by 1.73%∼2.73%. The optimized algorithm can improve the availability of integrity monitoring at different stages of the navigation system and provide a basis for ensuring the reliability of the positioning results

The ComP-ComA quorum system is essential for "Trojan horse" like pathogenesis in Bacillus nematocida.

Bacillus nematocida B16 has been shown to use "Trojan horse" mechanism in pathogenesis that has characteristics of "social" behavior. The ComP-ComA system, a conserved quorum sensing system in the genus Bacillus, functions in many physiological processes including competence development, lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin production, degradative enzyme production and even some unknown functions. Here we investigated the requirement of ComP-ComA system in B. nematocida B16 for its pathogenicity against nematodes. The ΔcomP mutant displayed deficiencies in attracting and killing nematodes, due to the absence of attractive signal molecules and the decreased expressions of virulence factors, respectively. Contrarily, a complemented comP mutant at least partially resumed its pathogenicity. Our data from transcriptional analysis further confirmed that this signaling system directly or indirectly regulated the expressions of two major virulence proteases in the infection of B. nematocida B16. Bioinformatics analyses from comparative genomics also suggested that the potential target genes of transcription factor ComA were involved in the processes such as the synthesis of attractants, production of extracellular degradative enzymes and sortase, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, regulation of transcription factors, mobility, as well as transporters, most of which were different from a saprophytic relative B. subtilis 168. Therefore, our investigation firstly revealed that the participation and necessity of ComP-ComA signaling system in bacterial pathogenesis

Formation of autotriploid Carassius auratus and its fertility-related genes analysis

Abstract Background Formation of triploid organism is useful in genetics and breeding. In this study, autotriploid Carassius auratus (3nRR, 3n = 150) was generated from Carassius auratus red var. (RCC, 2n = 100) (♀) and autotetraploid Carassius auratus (4nRR, 4n = 200) (♂). The female 3nRR produced haploid, diploid and triploid eggs, whereas the male 3nRR was infertile. The aim of the present study was to explore fertility of potential candidate genes of 3nRR. Results Gonadal transcriptome profiling of four groups (3 females RCC (FRCC), 3 males 4nRR (M4nRR), 3 males 3nRR (M3nRR) and 3 females 3nRR (F3nRR)) was performed using RNA-SEq. A total of 78.90 Gb of clean short reads and 24,262 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs), including 20,155 in F3nRR vs. FRCC and 4,107 in M3nRR vs. M4nRR were identified. A total of 106 enriched pathways were identified through KEGG enrichment analysis. Out of the enriched pathways, 44 and 62 signalling pathways were identified in F3nRR vs. FRCC and M3nRR vs. M4nRR, respectively. A total of 80 and 25 potential candidate genes for fertility-related in F3nRR and M3nRR were identified, respectively, through GO, KEGG analyses and the published literature. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction of these fertility-associated genes were performed. Analysis of the PPI networks showed that 6 hub genes (MYC, SOX2, BMP4, GATA4, PTEN and BMP2) were involved in female fertility of F3nRR, and 2 hub genes (TP53 and FGF2) were involved in male sterility of M3nRR. Conclusions Establishment of autotriploid fish offers an ideal model to study reproductive traits of triploid fish. RNA-Seq data revealed 6 genes, namely, MYC, SOX2, BMP4, GATA4, PTEN and BMP2, involved in the female fertility of the F3nRR. Moreover, 2 genes, namely, TP53 and FGF2, were related to the male sterility of the M3nRR. These findings provide information on reproduction and breeding in triploid fish

Base-Mediated Tandem [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Ring Openning Reaction of Arylhydrazonoyl Chlorides with Arylnitroso Compounds for Synthesis of Substituted Diazene Oxides

A base-mediated tandem [3 + 2] cycloaddition/ring opening reaction of nitrilimines generated from arylhydrazonoyl chlorides with arylnitroso compounds has been developed. This protocol provides a novel and rapid approach for the synthesis of substituted azoxy compounds under mild conditions with moderate to good yields and a broad substrate scope

Controlled In Situ Self-Assembly of Biotinylated Trans-Cyclooctene Nanoparticles for Orthogonal Dual-Pretargeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A pretargeted strategy that decouples targeting vectors from radionuclides has shown promise for nuclear imaging and/or therapy in vivo. However, the current pretargeted approach relies on the use of antibodies or nanoparticles as the targeting vectors, which may be compromised by poor tissue penetration and limited accumulation of targeting vectors in the tumor tissues. Herein, we present an orthogonal dual-pretargeted approach by combining stimuli-triggered in situ self-assembly strategy with fast inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction and strong biotin-streptavidin (SA) interaction for near-infrared fluorescence (NIR FL) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of tumors. This approach uses a small-molecule probe (P-Cy-TCO&Bio) containing both biotin and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) as a tumor-targeting vector. P-Cy-TCO&Bio can efficiently penetrate subcutaneous HeLa tumors through biotin-assisted targeted delivery and undergo in situ self-assembly to form biotinylated TCO-bearing nanoparticles (Cy-TCO&Bio NPs) on tumor cell membranes. Cy-TCO&Bio NPs exhibited an “off-on” NIR FL and retained in the tumors, offering a high density of TCO and biotin groups for the concurrent capture of Gd-chelate-labeled tetrazine (Tz-Gd) and IR780-labeled SA (SA-780) via the orthogonal IEDDA reaction and SA-biotin interaction. Moreover, Cy-TCO&Bio NPs offered multiple-valent binding modes toward SA, which additionally regulated the cross-linking of Cy-Gd&Bio NPs into microparticles (Cy-Gd&Bio/SA MPs). This process could significantly (1) increase r1 relaxivity and (2) enhance the accumulation of Tz-Gd and SA-780 in the tumors, resulting in strong NIR FL, bright MR contrast, and an extended time window for the clear and precise imaging of HeLa tumors

(1)H-NMR spectroscopy revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis caused abnormal serum metabolic profile of cattle.

To re-evaluate virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in cattle, we experimentally infected calves with M. tb andMycobacterium bovisvia intratracheal injection at a dose of 2.0×10(7) CFU and observed the animals for 33 weeks. The intradermal tuberculin test and IFN-γin vitro release assay showed that both M. tb and M. bovis induced similar responses. Immunohistochemical staining of pulmonary lymph nodes indicated that the antigen MPB83 of both M. tb and M. bovis were similarly distributed in the tissue samples. Histological examinations showed all of the infected groups exhibited neutrophil infiltration to similar extents. Although the infected cattle did not develop granulomatous inflammation, the metabolic profiles changed significantly, which were characterized by a change in energy production pathways and increased concentrations of N-acetyl glycoproteins. Glycolysis was induced in the infected cattle by decreased glucose and increased lactate content, and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation was induced by decreased TG content, and decreased gluconeogenesis indicated by the decreased concentration of glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids promoted utilization of substances other than glucose as energy sources. In addition, an increase in acute phase reactive serum glycoproteins, together with neutrophil infiltration and increased of IL-1β production indicated an early inflammatory response before granuloma formation. In conclusion, this study indicated that both M. tb and M.bovis were virulent to cattle. Therefore, it is likely that cattle with M. tb infections would be critical to tuberculosis transmission from cattle to humans. Nuclear magnetic resonance was demonstrated to be an efficient method to systematically evaluate M. tb and M. bovi sinfection in cattle