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Management of Agitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has radically altered delivery of care in emergency settings. Unprecedented hardship due to ongoing fears of exposure and threats to personal safety, along with societal measures enacted to curb disease transmission, have had broad psychosocial impact on patients and healthcare workers alike. These changes can significantly affect diagnosing and managing behavioral emergencies such as agitation in the emergency department. On behalf of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry, we highlight unique considerations for patients with severe behavioral symptoms and staff members managing symptoms of agitation during COVID-19. Early detection and treatment of agitation, precautions to minimize staff hazards, coordination with security personnel and psychiatric services, and avoidance of coercive strategies that cause respiratory depression will help mitigate heightened risks to safety caused by this outbreak
Do Girls and Boys Perceive Themselves as Equally Engaged in School? The Results of an International Study from 12 Countries
This study examined gender differences in student engagement and academic
performance in school. Participants included 3420 students (7th, 8th, and 9th
graders) from Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal,
Romania, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results
indicated that, compared to boys, girls reported higher levels of engagement in
school andwere rated higher by their teachers in academic performance. Student
engagement accounted for gender differences in academic performance, but
gender did not moderate the associations among student engagement, academic
performance, or contextual supports. Analysis of multiple-group structural
equation modeling revealed that perceptions of teacher support and parent
support, but not peer support, were related indirectly to academic performance
through student engagement. This partial mediation model was invariant across
gender. The findings from this study enhance the understanding about the
contextual and personal factors associated with girls' and boys' academic
performance around the world
Chimeric IgH-TCR/ translocations in T lymphocytes mediated by RAG
Translocations involving the T cell receptor alpha/delta (TCRα/Ύ) chain locus, which bring oncogenes in the proximity of the TCRα enhancer, are one of the hallmark features of human T cell malignancies from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and non-AT patients. These lesions are frequently generated by the fusion of DNA breaks at the TCRα/Ύ locus to a disperse region centromeric of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus. Aberrant VDJ joining accounts for TCRα/Ύ associated DNA cleavage, but the molecular mechanism that leads to generation of the "oncogene partner" DNA break is unclear. Here we show that in ATM deficient primary mouse T cells, IgH/TCRα/Ύ fusions arise at a remarkably similar frequency as in human AT lymphocytes. Recombinase-activating gene (RAG) is responsible for both TCRα/Ύ as well as IgH associated breaks on chromosome 12 (Chr12), which are subject to varying degrees of chromosomal degradation. We suggest a new model for how oncogenic translocations can arise from two non-concerted physiological DSBs
The Glueball Spectrum from a Potential Model
The spectrum of two-gluon glueballs below 3 GeV is investigated in a
potential model with dynamical gluon mass using variational method. The short
distance potential is approximated by one-gluon exchange, while the long
distance part is taken as a breakable string. The mass and size of the radial
as well as orbital excitations up to principle quantum number n=3 are
evaluated. The predicted mass ratios are compared with experimental and lattice
results.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages with 1 eps figur
Physical Properties of Giant Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud
The Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA) is a high angular resolution CO
mapping survey of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large and Small
Magellanic Clouds using the Mopra Telescope. Here we report on the basic
physical properties of 125 GMCs in the LMC that have been surveyed to date. The
observed clouds exhibit scaling relations that are similar to those determined
for Galactic GMCs, although LMC clouds have narrower linewidths and lower CO
luminosities than Galactic clouds of a similar size. The average mass surface
density of the LMC clouds is 50 Msol/pc2, approximately half that of GMCs in
the inner Milky Way. We compare the properties of GMCs with and without signs
of massive star formation, finding that non-star-forming GMCs have lower peak
CO brightness than star-forming GMCs. We compare the properties of GMCs with
estimates for local interstellar conditions: specifically, we investigate the
HI column density, radiation field, stellar mass surface density and the
external pressure. Very few cloud properties demonstrate a clear dependence on
the environment; the exceptions are significant positive correlations between
i) the HI column density and the GMC velocity dispersion, ii) the stellar mass
surface density and the average peak CO brightness, and iii) the stellar mass
surface density and the CO surface brightness. The molecular mass surface
density of GMCs without signs of massive star formation shows no dependence on
the local radiation field, which is inconsistent with the
photoionization-regulated star formation theory proposed by McKee (1989). We
find some evidence that the mass surface density of the MAGMA clouds increases
with the interstellar pressure, as proposed by Elmegreen (1989), but the
detailed predictions of this model are not fulfilled once estimates for the
local radiation field, metallicity and GMC envelope mass are taken into
account.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRA
A comprehensive description of multiple observables in heavy-ion collisions at SPS
Combining and expanding on work from previous publications, a model for the
evolution of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS for 158
AGeV beam energy is presented. Based on the assumption of thermalization and a
parametrization of the space-time expansion of the produced matter, this model
is able to describe a large set of observables including hadronic momentum
spectra, correlations and abundancies, the emission of real photons, dilepton
radiation and the suppression pattern of charmonia. Each of these obervables
provides unique capabilities to study the reaction dynamics and taken together
they form a strong and consistent picture of the evolving system. Based on the
emission of hard photons, we argue that a strongly interacting, hot and dense
system with temperatures above 250 MeV has to be created early in the reaction.
Such a system is bound to be different from hadronic matter and likely to be a
quark-gluon plasma, and we find that this assumption is in line with the
subsequent evolution of the system that is reflected in other observables.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, submitted to J. Phys.
How parents perceive and feel about participation in community activities: The comparison between parents of preschoolers with and without autism spectrum disorders
The present study compared how parents of preschoolers with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) perceived and felt about participation in community activities. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 380 Hong Kong parents of preschoolers with ASD and 214 Hong Kong parents of preschoolers without ASD. The two groups were not different in their willingness and frequency of participation in community activities. However, the psychological processes underneath their willingness were very different. Among the parents of preschoolers with ASD, their willingness was associated with how they perceived the difficulty and importance of the participation and what emotions they experienced during the activities. This pattern of association was not evident among the parents of preschoolers without ASD. Copyright © The Author(s), 2010.published_or_final_versio
Stroke Factors Associated with Thrombolysis Use in Hospitals in Singapore and US: A Cross-Registry Comparative Study
Background and Objectives: This paper aims to describe and compare the characteristics of 2 stroke populations in Singapore and in St. Louis, USA, and to document thrombolysis rates and contrast factors associated with its uptake in both populations. Methods: The stroke populations described were from the Singapore Stroke Registry (SSR) in -Singapore and the Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Group Stroke Registry (CRRGSR) in St. Louis, MO, USA. The registries were compared in terms of demographics and stroke risk factor history. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with thrombolysis uptake. Results: A total of 39,323 and 8,106 episodes were recorded in SSR and CRRGSR, respectively, from 2005 to 2012. Compared to CRRGSR, patients in SSR were older, male, and from the ethnic majority. Thrombolysis rates in SSR and CRRGSR were 2.5 and 8.2%, respectively, for the study period. History of ischemic heart disease or atrial fibrillation was associated with increased uptake in both populations, while history of stroke was associated with lower uptake. For SSR, younger age and males were associated with increased uptake, while having a history of smoking or diabetes was associated with decreased uptake. For CRRGSR, ethnic minority status was associated with decreased uptake. Conclusions: The comparison of stroke populations in Singapore and St Louis revealed distinct differences in clinicodemographics of the 2 groups. Thrombolysis uptake was driven by nonethnicity demographics in Singapore. Ethnicity was the only demographic driver of uptake in the CRRGSR population, highlighting the need to target ethnic minorities in increasing access to thrombolysis
Charmonium suppression in p-A collisions at RHIC
We discuss charmonium production in proton-nucleus collisions at RHIC
energies under the assumption of xF and x2 scaling. We find that all the
ambiguities due to energy loss are gone at this energy and therefore data will
reveal the scaling law, if any. These p-A data will also be crucial to
interpret nucleus-nucleus data with respect to a possible formation of a quark
gluon plasma because the extrapolations for charmonium production from the
present p-A data to RHIC energies, based on the two scaling laws, differ by a
factor of four.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. New section on shadowing and energy loss,
References adde
Detectors for the James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Spectrograph I: Readout Mode, Noise Model, and Calibration Considerations
We describe how the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near-Infrared
Spectrograph's (NIRSpec's) detectors will be read out, and present a model of
how noise scales with the number of multiple non-destructive reads
sampling-up-the-ramp. We believe that this noise model, which is validated
using real and simulated test data, is applicable to most astronomical
near-infrared instruments. We describe some non-ideal behaviors that have been
observed in engineering grade NIRSpec detectors, and demonstrate that they are
unlikely to affect NIRSpec sensitivity, operations, or calibration. These
include a HAWAII-2RG reset anomaly and random telegraph noise (RTN). Using real
test data, we show that the reset anomaly is: (1) very nearly noiseless and (2)
can be easily calibrated out. Likewise, we show that large-amplitude RTN
affects only a small and fixed population of pixels. It can therefore be
tracked using standard pixel operability maps.Comment: 55 pages, 10 figure
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