Non-Traditional Methods to Obtain Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

693JJ319C000015The use of passive data from location-based smartphone applications (LBS) and Global Positioning Services (GPS) to collect Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) has the potential to greatly reduce costs to State Department of Transportations (DOTs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and expand the coverage of up-to-date counts. This report evaluates the technical and statistical validity of traffic data derived from these sources using machine learning methods. Validity was determined by comparison to 4255 permanent counters, and a survey of recent publications about accuracy expectations. The document covers the input data and the development of the machine learning models and model validation. The results include the error by road volume, roadway and regional characteristics compared to typical estimation. The effects of reduced trip sample, ping rate, spatial accuracy and reference counters were also tested. The applicability of Probe Data was tested for other factors including, day of week, month of year, directional and ramp AADT, work zones ADT, K and D factors, peak hour truck data, special events or unusual weather and AADT by vehicle type

Guidelines for Obtaining AADT Estimates from Non-Traditional Sources

693JJ319C000015The use of passive data from location-based smartphone applications (LBS) and Global Positioning Services (GPS) to collect Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) has the potential to greatly reduce costs to State Department of Transportations (DOTs) and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and expand the coverage of up-to-date counts. This report evaluates the technical and statistical validity of traffic data derived from these sources using machine learning methods. Validity was determined by comparison to 4255 permanent counters, and a survey of recent publications about accuracy expectations. The document covers the input data and the development of the machine learning models and model validation. The results include the error by road volume, roadway and regional characteristics compared to typical estimation. The effects of reduced trip sample, ping rate, spatial accuracy and reference counters were also tested. The applicability of Probe Data was tested for other factors including, day of week, month of year, directional and ramp AADT, work zones ADT, K and D factors, peak hour truck data, special events or unusual weather and AADT by vehicle type

Beneficial Effects of a Q-ter® Based Nutritional Mixture on Functional Performance, Mitochondrial Function, and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are central mechanisms underlying the aging process and the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Selected antioxidants and specific combinations of nutritional compounds could target many biochemical pathways that affect both oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and, thereby, preserve or enhance physical performance. supplementation in rats at 29 months of age. supplementation may be particularly beneficial when initiated prior to major biological and functional declines that appear to occur with advancing age

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Effects of the Sustained Release of IGF-1 on Extraocular Muscle of the Infant Non-Human Primate: Adaptations at the Effector Organ Level

Sustained IGF-I treatment of both MR muscles in infant monkeys results in bilateral increases in myofiber size and nerve density in treated MR and in the antagonist but untreated LR. As alignment is maintained, central adaptive mechanisms must control compensatory changes in the yoked muscles

Abnormally Small Neuromuscular Junctions in the Extraocular Muscles From Subjects With Idiopathic Nystagmus and Nystagmus Associated With Albinism

PURPOSE: Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is often associated with abnormalities of axonal outgrowth and connectivity. To determine if this manifests in extraocular muscle innervation, specimens from children with idiopathic INS or INS and albinism were examined and compared to normal age-matched control extraocular muscles. METHODS: Extraocular muscles removed during normal surgery on children with idiopathic INS or INS and albinism were immunostained for neuromuscular junctions, myofiber type, the immature form of the acetylcholine receptor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and compared to age-matched controls. RESULTS: Muscles from both the idiopathic INS and INS and albinism groups had neuromuscular junctions that were 35% to 71% smaller based on myofiber area and myofiber perimeter than found in age-matched controls, and this was seen on both fast and slow myosin heavy chain isoform-expressing myofibers (all P < 0.015). Muscles from subjects with INS and albinism showed a 7-fold increase in neuromuscular junction numbers on fast myofibers expressing the immature gamma subunit of the acetylcholine receptor. The extraocular muscles from both INS subgroups showed a significant increase in the number and size of slow myofibers compared to age-matched controls. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was expressed in control muscle but was virtually absent in the INS muscles. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that, relative to the final common pathway, INS is not the same between different patient etiologies. It should be possible to modulate these final common pathway abnormalities, via exogenous application of appropriate drugs, with the hope that this type of treatment may reduce the involuntary oscillatory movements in these children