Selection of bacteria for biological control of Meloidogyne incognita in fig.

A inserção do controle biológico no manejo integrado de M. incognita constitui-se como uma estratégia importante para a cultura da figueira no Brasil, visto que não estão disponíveis nematicidas e porta-enxertos resistentes no país. Entre os biocontroladores, rizobactérias apresentam potencial, pois podem atuar promovendo o crescimento vegetal e ou inibindo os nematoides. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar bactérias com potencial para o biocontrole de M. incognita a partir de raízes de figueira e rochas de folhelhos betuminosos e selecionar isolados mais promissores através de ensaios in vitro. 124 isolados foram obtidos de folhelhos betuminosos e de raízes de figueira e avaliados em ensaios in vitro quanto ao efeito sobre ovos e juvenis de segundo estágio de M. incognita e produção de compostos relacionados ao controle biológico de nematoides. A partir dos resultados obtidos, 14 bactérias foram consideradas mais promissoras, produzindo pelo menos um composto relacionado ao biocontrole de fitonematoides, entre os cinco compostos testados, e altos níveis de mortalidade (78-100%) ou inibição da eclosão (73-100%) dos juvenis de segundo estádio do nematóide. A redução no numero de isolados obtida no presente estudo é importante para viabilizar estudos in vivo confirmando o potencial destas rizobactérias para controle de M. incognita em figueira.The inclusion of biological control in the integrated management of M. incognita was established as an important strategy for the fig tree of culture in Brazil, as they are not available nematicides and rootstocks resistant in the country. Among the biocontrol, rhizobacteria have potential because they can act to promote plant growth and inhibiting or nematodes. The objective of this work was to isolate bacteria with potential for biocontrol of M. incognita from fig roots and bituminous shale rocks and select the most promising isolated by in vitro assays. 124 isolates were obtained from bituminous shale and fig tree roots and evaluated in vitro tests on the effect on eggs and juveniles of second stage of M. incognita and production of compounds related to the biological control of nematodes. From the results obtained, 14 bacteria were considered more promising, producing at least one compound related to the biocontrol plant parasitic nematode, of the five tested compounds and high levels of mortality (78-100%) or inhibition of hatching (73-100% ) of second stage juveniles of the nematode. The reduction in the number of isolates obtained in this study is important to enable in vivo studies confirming the potential of these rhizobacteria to control M. incognita in fig.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Selection of bacteria for biological control of Meloidogyne incognita in fig.

A inserção do controle biológico no manejo integrado de M. incognita constitui-se como uma estratégia importante para a cultura da figueira no Brasil, visto que não estão disponíveis nematicidas e porta-enxertos resistentes no país. Entre os biocontroladores, rizobactérias apresentam potencial, pois podem atuar promovendo o crescimento vegetal e ou inibindo os nematoides. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar bactérias com potencial para o biocontrole de M. incognita a partir de raízes de figueira e rochas de folhelhos betuminosos e selecionar isolados mais promissores através de ensaios in vitro. 124 isolados foram obtidos de folhelhos betuminosos e de raízes de figueira e avaliados em ensaios in vitro quanto ao efeito sobre ovos e juvenis de segundo estágio de M. incognita e produção de compostos relacionados ao controle biológico de nematoides. A partir dos resultados obtidos, 14 bactérias foram consideradas mais promissoras, produzindo pelo menos um composto relacionado ao biocontrole de fitonematoides, entre os cinco compostos testados, e altos níveis de mortalidade (78-100%) ou inibição da eclosão (73-100%) dos juvenis de segundo estádio do nematóide. A redução no numero de isolados obtida no presente estudo é importante para viabilizar estudos in vivo confirmando o potencial destas rizobactérias para controle de M. incognita em figueira.The inclusion of biological control in the integrated management of M. incognita was established as an important strategy for the fig tree of culture in Brazil, as they are not available nematicides and rootstocks resistant in the country. Among the biocontrol, rhizobacteria have potential because they can act to promote plant growth and inhibiting or nematodes. The objective of this work was to isolate bacteria with potential for biocontrol of M. incognita from fig roots and bituminous shale rocks and select the most promising isolated by in vitro assays. 124 isolates were obtained from bituminous shale and fig tree roots and evaluated in vitro tests on the effect on eggs and juveniles of second stage of M. incognita and production of compounds related to the biological control of nematodes. From the results obtained, 14 bacteria were considered more promising, producing at least one compound related to the biocontrol plant parasitic nematode, of the five tested compounds and high levels of mortality (78-100%) or inhibition of hatching (73-100% ) of second stage juveniles of the nematode. The reduction in the number of isolates obtained in this study is important to enable in vivo studies confirming the potential of these rhizobacteria to control M. incognita in fig.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Rhizobacteria potential in the control of Meloidogyne incognita in fig

A figueira é economicamente importante pelo papel social que representa no contexto da agricultura familiar. No entanto, sua viabilidade econômica pode ser comprometida em áreas infestadas pelo nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita) devido à carência de medidas de controle efetivas e disponíveis. Assim, a inserção do controle biológico no manejo integrado dessa praga constitui-se como uma estratégia importante. As rizobactérias são consideradas biocontroladoras promissoras por promover o crescimento vegetal e/ou inibir a ação parasítica dos fitonematoides sobre as plantas hospedeiras. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho, avaliar o desempenho de 14 isolados bacterianos provenientes da rizosfera de figueira e de rochas de folhelhos betuminosos, no biocontrole de M. incognita em figueira. Mudas de figueira cv. ‘Roxo de Valinhos' microbiolizadas com os isolados bacterianos foram transplantadas em solo naturalmente infestado com M. incognita. Sete isolados (F08, F25, F71, F76, F78, FB34 e FB59), reduziram significativamente o fator de reprodução do nematoide das galhas (P<0,05) em valores que variaram entre 20 e 49%. Contudo, além de suprimir a multiplicação do patógeno, o isolado F78 (Streptomyces sp.) promoveu aumento do peso de raízes, maiores índices de clorofila e conteúdo das enzimas de resistência peroxidades e polifenol-oxidades, e, redução na concentração de fenóis das figueiras microbiolizadas. Nesse sentido, a condução de trabalhos adicionais nesse patossistema pode possibilitar a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de atuação das bactérias testadas no biocontrole de M. incognita, além de fornecer informações adicionais para a implementação dessa técnica em um programa de manejo integrado do nematoide das galhas.The fig tree is economically important for the social role it plays in the context of family farming. However, its economic viability can be compromised in infested areas by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) due to lack of effective and available control measures. Therefore, the insertion of the biological control on the integrated management of this pest constitutes an important strategy. The rhizobacteria are considered promising biocontrol agents for promoting plant growth and or inhibit the parasitic action of plant-parasitic nematodes in the host plants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 14 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of fig and shale rocks in biocontrol of M. incognita in fig. Seedlings of fig plants of cv. 'Roxo de Valinhos' were microbiolized with these bacterial isolates and they were transplanted in soil naturally infested with M. incognita subsequently. Seven isolates (F08, F25, F71, F76, F78, FB34 and FB59) reduced the reproduction factor of the root-knot nematode (P <0.05) at rate ranging between 20 and 49%. Besides to suppress the pathogen reproduction, the isolated F78 (Streptomyces sp.) promoting increasing of root weight, higher chlorophyll contents and content peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases resistance enzymes, and reduction of the phenol concentration of microbiolized fig plants. In this sense, conducting further studies in this pathosystem can enable a better understanding of the action mechanisms of the bacteria tested in the biocontrol of M. incognita, as well as providing additional information for the implementation of this technique in an integrated management program of root-knot nematode.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Rhizobacteria potential in the control of Meloidogyne incognita in fig

A figueira é economicamente importante pelo papel social que representa no contexto da agricultura familiar. No entanto, sua viabilidade econômica pode ser comprometida em áreas infestadas pelo nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita) devido à carência de medidas de controle efetivas e disponíveis. Assim, a inserção do controle biológico no manejo integrado dessa praga constitui-se como uma estratégia importante. As rizobactérias são consideradas biocontroladoras promissoras por promover o crescimento vegetal e/ou inibir a ação parasítica dos fitonematoides sobre as plantas hospedeiras. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho, avaliar o desempenho de 14 isolados bacterianos provenientes da rizosfera de figueira e de rochas de folhelhos betuminosos, no biocontrole de M. incognita em figueira. Mudas de figueira cv. ‘Roxo de Valinhos' microbiolizadas com os isolados bacterianos foram transplantadas em solo naturalmente infestado com M. incognita. Sete isolados (F08, F25, F71, F76, F78, FB34 e FB59), reduziram significativamente o fator de reprodução do nematoide das galhas (P<0,05) em valores que variaram entre 20 e 49%. Contudo, além de suprimir a multiplicação do patógeno, o isolado F78 (Streptomyces sp.) promoveu aumento do peso de raízes, maiores índices de clorofila e conteúdo das enzimas de resistência peroxidades e polifenol-oxidades, e, redução na concentração de fenóis das figueiras microbiolizadas. Nesse sentido, a condução de trabalhos adicionais nesse patossistema pode possibilitar a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de atuação das bactérias testadas no biocontrole de M. incognita, além de fornecer informações adicionais para a implementação dessa técnica em um programa de manejo integrado do nematoide das galhas.The fig tree is economically important for the social role it plays in the context of family farming. However, its economic viability can be compromised in infested areas by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) due to lack of effective and available control measures. Therefore, the insertion of the biological control on the integrated management of this pest constitutes an important strategy. The rhizobacteria are considered promising biocontrol agents for promoting plant growth and or inhibit the parasitic action of plant-parasitic nematodes in the host plants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 14 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of fig and shale rocks in biocontrol of M. incognita in fig. Seedlings of fig plants of cv. 'Roxo de Valinhos' were microbiolized with these bacterial isolates and they were transplanted in soil naturally infested with M. incognita subsequently. Seven isolates (F08, F25, F71, F76, F78, FB34 and FB59) reduced the reproduction factor of the root-knot nematode (P <0.05) at rate ranging between 20 and 49%. Besides to suppress the pathogen reproduction, the isolated F78 (Streptomyces sp.) promoting increasing of root weight, higher chlorophyll contents and content peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases resistance enzymes, and reduction of the phenol concentration of microbiolized fig plants. In this sense, conducting further studies in this pathosystem can enable a better understanding of the action mechanisms of the bacteria tested in the biocontrol of M. incognita, as well as providing additional information for the implementation of this technique in an integrated management program of root-knot nematode.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Proinsulin is a precursor of mature insulin and C-peptide. Higher circulating proinsulin levels are associated with impaired β-cell function, raised glucose levels, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies of the insulin processing pathway could provide new insights about T2D pathophysiology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We have conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association tests of ∼2.5 million genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fasting proinsulin levels in 10,701 nondiabetic adults of European ancestry, with follow-up of 23 loci in up to 16,378 individuals, using additive genetic models adjusted for age, sex, fasting insulin, and study-specific covariates. RESULTS: Nine SNPs at eight loci were associated with proinsulin levels (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Two loci (LARP6 and SGSM2) have not been previously related to metabolic traits, one (MADD) has been associated with fasting glucose, one (PCSK1) has been implicated in obesity, and four (TCF7L2, SLC30A8, VPS13C/C2CD4A/B, and ARAP1, formerly CENTD2) increase T2D risk. The proinsulin-raising allele of ARAP1 was associated with a lower fasting glucose (P = 1.7 × 10(-4)), improved β-cell function (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)), and lower risk of T2D (odds ratio 0.88; P = 7.8 × 10(-6)). Notably, PCSK1 encodes the protein prohormone convertase 1/3, the first enzyme in the insulin processing pathway. A genotype score composed of the nine proinsulin-raising alleles was not associated with coronary disease in two large case-control datasets. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified nine genetic variants associated with fasting proinsulin. Our findings illuminate the biology underlying glucose homeostasis and T2D development in humans and argue against a direct role of proinsulin in coronary artery disease pathogenesis

Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article

Early short course of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with COVID-19 ARDS: a propensity score analysis

Background: The role of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS the impact of early use of NMBAs on 90-day mortality, through propensity score (PS) matching analysis. Methods: We analyzed a convenience sample of patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe ARDS, admitted to 244 intensive care units within the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium, from February 1, 2020, through October 31, 2021. Patients undergoing at least 2&nbsp;days and up to 3 consecutive days of NMBAs (NMBA treatment), within 48&nbsp;h from commencement of IMV were compared with subjects who did not receive NMBAs or only upon commencement of IMV (control). The primary objective in the PS-matched cohort was comparison between groups in 90-day in-hospital mortality, assessed through Cox proportional hazard modeling. Secondary objectives were comparisons in the numbers of ventilator-free days (VFD) between day 1 and day 28 and between day 1 and 90 through competing risk regression. Results: Data from 1953 patients were included. After propensity score matching, 210 cases from each group were well matched. In the PS-matched cohort, mean (± SD) age was 60.3 ± 13.2&nbsp;years and 296 (70.5%) were male and the most common comorbidities were hypertension (56.9%), obesity (41.1%), and diabetes (30.0%). The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death at 90&nbsp;days in the NMBA treatment vs control group was 1.12 (95% CI 0.79, 1.59, p = 0.534). After adjustment for smoking habit and critical therapeutic covariates, the HR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.72, 1.61, p = 0.729). At 28&nbsp;days, VFD were 16 (IQR 0–25) and 25 (IQR 7–26) in the NMBA treatment and control groups, respectively (sub-hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67, 1.00, p = 0.055). At 90 days, VFD were 77 (IQR 0–87) and 87 (IQR 0–88) (sub-hazard ratio 0.86 (95% CI 0.69, 1.07; p = 0.177). Conclusions: In patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe ARDS, short course of NMBA treatment, applied early, did not significantly improve 90-day mortality and VFD. In the absence of definitive data from clinical trials, NMBAs should be indicated cautiously in this setting