The effects of sensory integration technique on equilibrium processes in children after prenatal exposure to alcohol

ABSTRACTBackground:The objective of the study was evaluation of sensory integration therapyeffectiveness in children after prenatal exposure to alcohol, on the example of equilibriumprocesses. Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2012 at the Centre ofAdvanced Physiotherapy in Kielce, and covered a group of 20 children aged 4-5 who had ahistory of prenatal exposure to alcohol. The children systematically participated in a one-hourSI therapy session, once a week for the period of 6 months. Results: While evaluating theequilibrium system, 5 trials with clinical observations were performed according to Ayres: theSchilder test, dynamic and static balance, gravitational uncertainty, and postrotary nystagmus.The high effectiveness of SI therapy was confirmed in children subjected to prenatal alcoholexposure based on the example of the equilibrium system. The positive effects of therapywere proved for all the tests applied: the Schilder test (p<0.001), dynamic balance (p<0.001),static balance (p<0.001), gravitational insecurity (p<0.001), and postrotary nystagmus(p<0.05). Conclusions: The sensory integration technique exerts a beneficial effect on thebalance functions of children after prenatal exposure to alcohol

Anthropometric features and postural reactions in children with scoliosis and scoliotic posture

Wilczyński Jacek, Janecka Sylwia, Wilczyński Igor. Anthropometric features and postural reactions in children with scoliosis and scoliotic posture. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):320-331. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.997474 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4891 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.08.2017. Revised: 10.09.2017. Accepted: 10.09.2017. Anthropometric features and postural reactions in children with scoliosis and scoliotic posture Cechy antropometryczne a reakcje posturalne u dzieci ze skoliozą i postawą skoliotyczną Jacek Wilczyński1, Sylwia Janecka2, Igor Wilczyński3 Department of Neurology, Neurological and Kinesiotherapeutic Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce Ph.D. student, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce Outpatient Rehabilitation Centre for Children, PZOZ in Starachowice SUMMARY Introduction. The aim of the research was to analyze the correlation between the anthropometric features and postural reactions in children with scoliosis and scoliotic posture. Material and method. The study included 28 girls aged 7-18 years old with scoliosis and scoliotic posture. Respondents were selected intentionally. Children attended to the Interschool Centre of Corrective Exercises in Starachowice. Height measurements were made by anthropometer, and the measurement of body weight was made with electronic scale. Those reactions were examined by static-dynamic Tecnobody’s ST 310 Plus Stability System platform. Variables were verified in terms of normal distribution by Shapiro-Wilk test. Depending on the compatibility of variable distributions with normal distribution, and the value of skewness and kurtosis, parametric or non-parametric tests have been used. To determine the correlation between the anthropometric variables and postural reactions the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient has been used. The level of significance was p <0,05. Conclusions. In Romberg’s test with opened eyes (OE), there were no significant correlations between the anthropometric variables and postural reactions. However, in the study with eyes closed (CE), there were significant, inversely proportional correlations between the body height and FBSD, and between the body height and AFBS. Inversely proportional correlations are understandable, because a higher children are generally slightly older, and together with age in children has been observed the reduction of postural reactions (better balance). Analysis of relationships between BMI and postural reactions with eyes closed (CE) showed a significant directly proportional correlations only with Abs AY. Higher values of BMI corresponds to the higher values of Abs AY. Key words: anthropometric features, body posture, scoliosis, scoliotic posture. STRESZCZENIE Wstęp. Celem badań była analiza korelacji między cechami antropometrycznymi a reakcjami posturalnymi u dzieci ze skoliozą i postawą skoliotyczną. Materiał i metoda. Badaniami objęto 28 dziewcząt w wieku 7-18 lat ze skoliozą i postawą skoliotyczną. Do­bór badanych był celowy. Dzieci zapisane były do Międzyszkolnego Ośrodka Gimnastyki Korekcyjnej i Kompensacyjnej w Starachowicach. Pomiary wysokościowe wykonano antropometrem a pomiar masy ciała wagą elektroniczną. Reakcje te badano statyczno-dynamiczną platformą ST 310 Plus Stability System firmy Tecnobody. Zmienne zweryfikowano pod względem normalności rozkładu testem Shapiro-Wilka. W zależności od zgodności rozkładów zmiennych z rozkładem normalnym, oraz wartości skośności i kurtozy, stosowano testy parametryczne lub nieparametryczne. Do określenia korelacji między zmiennymi antropometrycznymi a reakcjami posturalnymi zastosowano współczynnik korelacji rang Spearmana. Jako poziom istotności przy­jęto p<0,05. Wnioski. W teście Romberga z oczami otwartymi (OE) nie wystąpiły istotne korelacje między zmiennymi antropometrycznymi a reakcjami posturalnymi. Natomiast w badaniu z oczami zamkniętymi (CE) wystąpiły istotne odwrotnie proporcjonalne korelacje między wysokością ciała a FBSD oraz między wysokością ciała a AFBS. Korelacje odwrotnie proporcjonalne są zrozumiałe, gdyż wyższe dzieci są ogół nieco starsze a wraz z wiekiem u dzieci obserwuje się obniżanie reakcji posturalnych (lepszą równowagę). Analiza związków między BMI a reakcjami posturalnymi z oczami zamkniętymi (CE) wykazała istotne wprost proporcjonalne korelacje jedynie z Abs AY. Wyższym wartościom BMI odpowiadają wyższe wartości Abs AY. Słowa kluczowe: cechy antropometryczne, postawa ciała, skolioza, postawa skoliotyczna

Deviations of the centre of feet pressure in girls with scoliosis and scoliotic posturę

Wilczyński Jacek, Paprocki Michał, Wilczyńska Katarzyna, Wilczyński Igor. Deviations of the centre of feet pressure in girls with scoliosis and scoliotic posturę. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(3):400-413. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.344960 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4290 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 12.02.2017. Revised 23.02.2017. Accepted: 28.02.2017. Deviations of the centre of feet pressure in girls with scoliosis and scoliotic posture Wychylenia środka nacisku stóp u dziewcząt ze skoliozą i postawą skoliotyczną Jacek Wilczyński1, Michał Paprocki2, Katarzyna Wilczyńska3, Igor Wilczyński4 Instytut Fizjoterapii, Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach Doktorant, Instytut Fizjoterapii, Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach Ośrodek Rehabilitacji Dziennej Dla Dorosłych, PZOZ Starachowice Zakład Rehabilitacji Leczniczej, PZOZ w Starachowicach SUMMARY Introduction. The aim of the research was to analyze selected deviations of the centre of feet pressure (COP) in girls with scoliosis and scoliotic posture. Material and methods. 28 girls aged 7-18 years old were involved in the study. Spine research was made by Exhibeon digital radiography. Based on the size of the angle of spinal curvature there were identified scoliotic posture: 1-9° and scoliosis: ≥10°. The deviations of the centre of feet pressure were examined by static-dynamic Tecnobody’s ST 310 Plus Stability System platform. Results. Forward-Backward Standard Deviation Y was from 6,57 with opened eyes (OE) to 7,32 with closed eyes (CE). The difference in Romberg’s Test was 0,75. Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X was from 3,89 with opened eyes (OE) to 5,54 with closed eyes (CE). The difference in Romberg’s Test was 1,65. Average Forward-Backward Speed Y was from 11,96 with opened eyes (OE) to 17,29 with closed eyes (CE). The difference in Romberg’s Test was 5,33. Average Medium-Lateral Speed X was from 9,96 with opened eyes (OE) to 13,89 with closed eyes (CE). The difference in Romberg’s Test was 3,93. Conclusion. In a study with closed eyes (CE) it has been observed a significant increase of the centre of feet pressure deviations for: Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X (p=0,022162), Average Forward-Backward Speed Y (p=0,000071) and Average Medium-Lateral Speed X (p=0,000916). Correlation analysis of the centre of feet pressure deviations with age demonstrated an important connections only in case of Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X (r= -0,38, p=0,043). Key words: Forward-Backward Standard Deviation Y, Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X, scoliotic postures, idiopathic scoliosis STRESZCZENIE Wstęp. W etiologii skolioz coraz częściej zwraca się uwagę na dyskretne, trudne do zdiagnozowania zmiany neurologiczne. Celem badań była analiza wybranych wychyleń środka nacisku stóp (COP) u dziewcząt ze skoliozą i postawą skoliotyczną. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto 28 dziewcząt w wieku 7-18 lat. W badaniach kręgosłupa wykorzystano radiogramy cyfrowe Exhibeon. Na podstawie wielkości kąta skrzywienia kręgosłupa wyodrębniono postawę skoliotyczną: 1-9° i skoliozy: ≥10°. Wychylenia środka nacisku stóp badano statyczno-dynamiczną platformą ST 310 Plus Stability System firmy Tecnobody. Wyniki. Forward-Backward Standard Deviation Y wy­nosiła od 6,57 z oczami otwartymi (OE) do 7,32 z oczami zamkniętymi (CE). Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X wynosiła od 3,89 z oczami otwartymi (OE) do 5,54 z oczami zamkniętymi (CE). Average Forward-Backward Speed Y wynosiła od 11,96 z oczami otwartymi (OE) do 17,29 z oczami zamkniętymi (CE). Average Medium-Lateral Speed X wynosiła od 9,96 z oczami otwartymi (OE) do 13,89 z oczami zamkniętymi (CE). Wniosek. W badaniu z oczami zamkniętymi (CE) zaobserwowano istotny wzrost wychyleń środka nacisku stóp dla: Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X (p=0,022162), Average Forward-Backward Speed Y (p=0,000071) i Average Medium-Lateral Speed X (p=0,000916). Analiza korelacji wychyleń środka nacisku stóp z wiekiem wykazała istotne związki w jedynie w przypadku Medium-Lateral Standard Deviation X (r= -0,38, p=0,043). Zależność ta była odwrotnie proporcjonalna. Słowa kluczowe: średnie odchylenie Y, średnie odchylenie X, postawa skoliotyczna, skolioza idiopatyczn

Assessment of the progress of the therapy by the FED in patients with scoliosis idiopathic

Summarizing the result of x-rays and Diers Formetric III 4 D, it can be concluded that the girl received improved on as a result of the treatment method of F.E.D.. The angle of the original curvature was 56 ° in the thoracic region and 50 ° in the lumbar region measured by Cobb. After corrections were obtained curvature of the spine, which respectively in the thoracic region 46 °, and 45 ° lumbar. In addition, the method of opto-Diers Formetric III 4 D allows a constant control and evaluation of the progress of the therapy method F.E.D. is completely devoid of harmful x-rays.By comparing the results of the angles in the curve and the degree of rotation in all of the studies, it can be concluded that the results represent a significant correction of spine patients. In addition, was a link between the tests and X-RAY Diers Formetric 4 D. Angles in the curve in both studies were situated within the limits of the measurement errors which proves their correlation.So far, however, no studies have been conducted on a large research group in order to prove the direct correlation between the two diagnostic methods. This system can be presented to the various clinical issues an objective and quantitative analysis of body posture and scoliosis. This is currently the most modern non-invasive evaluation system

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All collapsed and paired-end sequence data for samples sequenced in this study are available in compressed fastq format through the European Nucleotide Archive under accession number PRJEB44430, together with rescaled and trimmed bam sequence alignments against both the nuclear and mitochondrial horse reference genomes. Previously published ancient data used in this study are available under accession numbers PRJEB7537, PRJEB10098, PRJEB10854, PRJEB22390 and PRJEB31613, and detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The genomes of ten modern horses, publicly available, were also accessed as indicated in their corresponding original publications57,61,85-87.NOTE: see the published version available via the DOI in this record for the full list of authorsDomestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture