Les collections gourmandes de la Bibliothèque nationale de France

La collection d\u27ouvrages gastronomiques de la BnF se trouve dispersée entre de nombreux départements et répartie physiquement sur plusieurs sites. Nous avions annoncé un point sur cette question dans le dossier « Gastronomie » de notre précédent numéro. Promesse tenue

L’évolution des périodiques culinaires du xviie au début du xxe siècle : regard statistique sur les corpus conservés à la BnF

L’enquête statistique porte sur un corpus constitué de plus 300 titres de périodiques consacrés à la cuisine, aux métiers de bouche et à la gastronomie, publiés entre le xviie et le début du xxe siècle, conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Cette étude analyse plusieurs critères, tels que la typologie (almanach, journal, revue, bulletin, gazette), la durée de vie, la périodicité, les lieux de publication et les dates de création et de mort des titres. Trois thématiques ont été identifiées : les titres des périodiques relevant de l’économie domestique plus particulièrement destinés à un public féminin, ceux qui s’adressent aux professionnels et enfin, les titres des périodiques dits « gastronomiques », dédiés à un public de gourmets, qui présentent l’actualité gastronomique, littéraire et artistique de Paris. L’analyse des titres de la presse culinaire montre notamment le caractère éphémère d’un grand nombre de revues et un pic de parution dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, à replacer dans le contexte général de développement de la presse à cette époque.A statistical study was carried out on a corpus comprising more than 300 periodicals devoted to cuisine, food trades and gastronomy between the seventeenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, held today by the French national library. This study analysed different criteria such as typology (almanac, journal, review, bulletin, gazette), how long it appeared for, its periodicity, the place of publication and dates of creation and cessation of publication. Three main categories were identified: periodicals dealing with the sphere of domestic affairs and the domestic economy, aimed primarily at a female readership; periodicals intended for professionals; and so-called gastronomical periodicals for a gourmet readership, dealing with the latest gastronomical, literary and artistic news in the capital. The analysis of the culinary press shows how many of the periodicals had only an ephemeral existence. There was a peak in the number of publications during the second half of the nineteenth century, within a broader general context the development of the press during this period

Clinical predictive modelling of post-surgical recovery in individuals with cervical radiculopathy: a machine learning approach

Prognostic models play an important role in the clinical management of cervical radiculopathy (CR). No study has compared the performance of modern machine learning techniques, against more traditional stepwise regression techniques, when developing prognostic models in individuals with CR. We analysed a prospective cohort dataset of 201 individuals with CR. Four modelling techniques (stepwise regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO], boosting, and multivariate adaptive regression splines [MuARS]) were each used to form a prognostic model for each of four outcomes obtained at a 12 month follow-up (disability—neck disability index [NDI]), quality of life (EQ5D), present neck pain intensity, and present arm pain intensity). For all four outcomes, the differences in mean performance between all four models were small (difference of NDI < 1 point; EQ5D < 0.1 point; neck and arm pain < 2 points). Given that the predictive accuracy of all four modelling methods were clinically similar, the optimal modelling method may be selected based on the parsimony of predictors. Some of the most parsimonious models were achieved using MuARS, a non-linear technique. Modern machine learning methods may be used to probe relationships along different regions of the predictor space

Реконструкция системы электроснабжения ОАО "Гомельский химический завод" в связи с заменой технологического оборудования цеха сложно-смешанных минеральных удобрений

Objective The purposes of this study were to examine whether any differences in function and health exist between patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) due to disk disease scheduled for surgery and patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) and to compare measures of patients' physical function with those obtained from healthy volunteers. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of patients with CR (n = 198) and patients with chronic WAD (n = 215). Patient data were compared with raw data previously obtained from healthy people. Physical measures included cervical active range of motion, neck muscle endurance, and hand grip strength. Self-rated measures included pain intensity (visual analog scale), neck disability (Neck Disability Index), self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy Scale), and health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5-dimensional self-classifier). Results Patient groups exhibited significantly lower performance than the healthy group in all physical measures (P < .0005) except for neck muscle endurance in flexion for women (P > .09). There was a general trend toward worse results in the CR group than the WAD group, with significant differences in neck active range of motion, left hand strength for women, pain intensity, Neck Disability Index, EuroQol 5-dimensional self-classifier, and Self-Efficacy Scale (P < .0001). Conclusions Patients had worse values than healthy individuals in almost all physical measures. There was a trend toward worse results for CR than WAD patients

Randomized trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oropharyngeal carcinoma

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx for whom curative radiotherapy or surgery was considered feasible were entered in a multicentric randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by loco-regional treatment to the same loco-regional treatment without chemotherapy. The loco-regional treatment consisted either of surgery plus radiotherapy or of radiotherapy alone. Three cycles of chemotherapy consisting of Cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on day 1 followed by a 24-hour i.v. infusion of fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2/day) for 5 days were delivered every 21 days. 2–3 weeks after the end of chemotherapy, local treatment was performed. The trial was conducted by the Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs de la Tête Et du Cou (GETTEC). A total of 318 patients were enrolled in the study between 1986 and 1992. Overall survival was significantly better (P = 0.03) in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group than in the control group, with a median survival of 5.1 years versus 3.3 years in the no chemotherapy group. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on event-free survival was smaller and of borderline significance (P = 0.11). Stratification of the results on the type of local treatment, surgery plus radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone, did not reveal any heterogeneity in the effect of chemotherapy. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

Probing the mechanisms underpinning recovery in post‐surgical patients with cervical radiculopathy using Bayesian networks

Background Rehabilitation approaches should be based on an understanding of the mechanisms underpinning functional recovery. Yet, the mediators that drive an improvement in post‐surgical pain‐related disability in individuals with cervical radiculopathy (CR) are unknown. The aim of the present study is to use Bayesian networks (BN) to learn the probabilistic relationships between physical and psychological factors, and pain-related disability in CR. Methods We analysed a prospective cohort dataset of 201 post‐surgical individuals with CR. In all, 15 variables were used to build a BN model: age, sex, neck muscle endurance, neck range of motion, neck proprioception, hand grip strength, self-efficacy, catastrophizing, depression, somatic perception, arm pain intensity, neck pain intensity and disability. Results A one point increase in a change of self‐efficacy at 6 months was associated with a 0.09 point decrease in a change in disability at 12 months (t = −64.09, p < .001). Two pathways led to a change in disability: a direct path leading from a change in self-efficacy at 6 months to disability, and an indirect path which was mediated by neck and arm pain intensity changes at 6 and 12 months. Conclusions This is the first study to apply BN modelling to understand the mechanisms of recovery in post‐surgical individuals with CR. Improvements in pain‐related disability was directly and indirectly driven by changes in self‐efficacy levels. The present study provides potentially modifiable mediators that could be the target of future intervention trials. BN models could increase the precision of treatment and outcome assessment of individuals with CR. Significance Using Bayesian Network modelling, we found that changes in self-efficacy levels at 6-month post-surgery directly and indirectly influenced the change in disability in individuals with CR. A mechanistic understanding of recovery provides potentially modifiable mediators that could be the target of future intervention trials

Association between psychosocial factors and mental health symptoms to cervical spine pain with or without radiculopathy on health outcomes: systematic review protocol.

Cervical spine pain with or without radiculopathy (CSp ± R) has significant negative impacts to a person's quality of life. Psychosocial factors and/or mental health symptoms are associated with spinal pain with or without radiculopathy and negatively impact health outcomes. This area of research is not yet established for CSp ± R. Our objective is to conduct a systematic review assessing the association between psychosocial factors and/or mental health symptoms and health outcomes in adults with CSp ± R

A non-randomised, single-centre comparison of induction chemotherapy followed by radiochemotherapy versus concomitant chemotherapy with hyperfractionated radiotherapy in inoperable head and neck carcinomas

BACKGROUND: The application of induction chemotherapy failed to provide a consistent benefit for local control in primary treatment of advanced head and neck (H&N) cancers. The aim of this study was to compare the results of concomitant application of radiochemotherapy for treating locally advanced head-and-neck carcinoma in comparison with the former standard of sequential radiochemotherapy. METHODS: Between 1987 and 1995 we treated 122 patients with unresectable (stage IV head and neck) cancer by two different protocols. The sequential protocol (SEQ; 1987–1992) started with two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin [CDDP] + 120-h continuous infusions (c.i.) of folinic acid [FA] and 5-fluorouracil [5-FU]), followed by a course of radiochemotherapy using conventional fractionation up to 70 Gy. The concomitant protocol (CON; since 1993) combined two courses of FA/5-FU c.i. plus mitomycin (MMC) concomitantly with a course of radiotherapy up to 30 Gy in conventional fractionation, followed by a hyperfractionated course up to 72 Gy. Results from the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Patient and tumor characteristics were balanced (SEQ = 70, CON = 52 pts.). Mean radiation dose achieved (65.3 Gy vs. 71.6 Gy, p = 0.00), response rates (67 vs. 90 % for primary, p = 0.02), and local control (LC; 17.6% vs. 41%, p = 0.03), were significantly lower in the SEQ group, revealing a trend towards lower disease-specific (DSS; 19.8% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.08) and overall (14.7% vs. 23.7%, p = 0.11) survival rates after 5 years. Mucositis grades III and IV prevailed in the CON group (54% versus 44%). Late toxicity was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Concurrent chemotherapy seemed more effective in treating head and neck tumors than induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation, resulting in better local control and a trend towards improved survival