Indirect effects of Daily Self-Control Demands on Subjective Vitality via Ego Depletion - How Daily Psychological Detachment Pays Off

The present study uses a within‐person approach to provide insights into day‐specific dynamics in the relation between self‐control demands at work and well‐being. Integrating arguments derived from the Limited Strength Model of Self‐Control and research on spillover processes, we develop and test a theoretical model of how the adverse effects of day‐specific self‐control demands at work may spill over to the home domain. Specifically, we propose ego depletion at home (an indicator of regulatory resource depletion) as a mediator linking self‐control demands on a given working day to reduced subjective vitality at home (an indicator of well‐being)

The Influence of an Orienting Task on the Memory Performance of Children with Reading Problems

This study investigated the hypothesis that differences in performance between reading disabled and normal children on a rote memory task could be eliminated if both groups were induced to process the material to be remembered in the same manner. The free recall of fourth-grade good and poor readers was tested following a free study period and the performance of an orienting task that required subjects to sort the material into taxonomic categories. There was a significant group by conditions interaction, with recall differences in the free study condition being eliminated following performance of the orienting task. The results have important implications for theoretical explanations of performance deficits in reading disabled children.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68893/2/10.1177_002221947901200608.pd

Atrial fibrillation and treatment changes in cryptogenic stroke patients with an implantable loop recorder for continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring

Introduction: This interim analysis evaluates the risk profile and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who underwent continuous monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) for cryptogenic (unexplained) stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: The observational INSIGHT XT study prospectively enrolled patients who received an ILR with dedicated diagnostics for atrial fibrillation, irrespective of the clinical indication. Of 1002 patients enrolled in the study between Aug 2008 and Jan 2012, 121 received the ILR to evaluate cryptogenic stroke or TIA. The definition of cryptogenic stroke/TIA was at the investigators' appraisal and no unified approach to patient work-up was required. This analysis includes 74 patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA for whom at least one follow-up visit was available at the time of interim analysis. Results: The mean age was 63±12 (50% female). Stroke was the index event in 46 of 74 (62%) of patients. 61% had hypertension, 14% diabetes, and none had heart failure. The mean CHADS2 score was 3.0±0.8 and the mean CHA2DS2VASc score 4.0±1.2. Most patients (72%) had no prior symptoms or cardiac rhythm disturbances, whereas 18% had a history of prior palpitations. Sixty-seven patients were taking antiplatelet medication and four were on oral anticoagulation (OAC) at enrollment. During a median follow up of 12 months (IQR 7 to 18) AF was reported in 17 patients (23%) and two patients were started on OAC and 10 patients were converted from antiplatelets to OAC. Five patients experienced a stroke or TIA (median time to event 1.2 months), of which one patient died. Three of the patients with stroke or TIA had AF detected prior to the recurrent event. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring with an ILR in patients with cryptogenic stroke of TIA detects a high proportion of AF; this can be attributed to longer continuous monitoring in this study. These patients have high CHADS2/CHA2DS2VASc scores; documenting AF in these cases may therefore be clinically relevant in order to decide appropriate treatment

Poincare Invariant Algebra From Instant to Light-Front Quantization

We present the Poincare algebra interpolating between instant and light-front time quantizations. The angular momentum operators satisfying SU(2) algebra are constructed in an arbitrary interpolation angle and shown to be identical to the ordinary angular momentum and Leutwyler-Stern angular momentum in the instant and light-front quantization limits, respectively. The exchange of the dynamical role between the transverse angular mometum and the boost operators is manifest in our newly constructed algebra.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Initial feasibility and challenges of hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Purpose The underlying functional and microstructural lung disease in neonates who are born preterm (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD) remains poorly characterized. Moreover, there is a lack of suitable techniques to reliably assess lung function in this population. Here, we report our preliminary experience with hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI in neonates with BPD. Methods Neonatal intensive care patients with established BPD were recruited (N = 9) and imaged at a corrected gestational age of median:40.7 (range:37.1, 44.4) wk using a 1.5T neonatal scanner. 2D 129Xe ventilation and diffusion-weighted images and dissolved phase spectroscopy were acquired, alongside 1H 3D radial UTE. 129Xe images were acquired during a series of short apneic breath-holds (˜3 s). 1H UTE images were acquired during tidal breathing. Ventilation defects were manually identified and qualitatively compared to lung structures on UTE. ADCs were calculated on a voxel-wise basis. The signal ratio of the 129Xe red blood cell (RBC) and tissue membrane (M) resonances from spectroscopy was determined. Results Spiral-based 129Xe ventilation imaging showed good image quality and sufficient sensitivity to detect mild ventilation abnormalities in patients with BPD. 129Xe ADC values were elevated above that expected given healthy data in older children and adults (median:0.046 [range:0.041, 0.064] cm2s−1); the highest value obtained from an extremely pre-term patient. 129Xe spectroscopy revealed a low RBC/M ratio (0.14 [0.06, 0.21]). Conclusion We have demonstrated initial feasibility of 129Xe lung MRI in neonates. With further data, the technique may help guide management of infant lung diseases in the neonatal period and beyond

Hegemonic masculine conceptualisation in gang culture

This research sought to investigate the relationship between gang processes and differing forms of masculine expression. Three hundred and sixteen male participants, drawn from secondary schools within Cape Town, were included in the study. These schools were in areas differentially characterised by gang activity. The questionnaire included the newly devised Male Attitude Norm Inventory designed to explore hegemonic conceptualisations of masculinity. Factor analytic procedures rendered a three-factor model stressing the importance of male toughness, success and control. Through a series of t-tests for independent samples, as well as supporting qualitative data, participants from areas characterised by high gang activity were found to support these hegemonic elements to a significantly greater extent

Time-integrated luminosity recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider

This article is the Preprint version of the final published artcile which can be accessed at the link below.We describe a measurement of the time-integrated luminosity of the data collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and in a continuum region below each resonance. We measure the time-integrated luminosity by counting e+e-→e+e- and (for the ϒ(4S) only) e+e-→μ+μ- candidate events, allowing additional photons in the final state. We use data-corrected simulation to determine the cross-sections and reconstruction efficiencies for these processes, as well as the major backgrounds. Due to the large cross-sections of e+e-→e+e- and e+e-→μ+μ-, the statistical uncertainties of the measurement are substantially smaller than the systematic uncertainties. The dominant systematic uncertainties are due to observed differences between data and simulation, as well as uncertainties on the cross-sections. For data collected on the ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S) resonances, an additional uncertainty arises due to ϒ→e+e-X background. For data collected off the ϒ resonances, we estimate an additional uncertainty due to time dependent efficiency variations, which can affect the short off-resonance runs. The relative uncertainties on the luminosities of the on-resonance (off-resonance) samples are 0.43% (0.43%) for the ϒ(4S), 0.58% (0.72%) for the ϒ(3S), and 0.68% (0.88%) for the ϒ(2S).This work is supported by the US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physiquedes Particules (France), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A.P. Sloan Foundation (USA)

Developing and Validating a New Multi-Dimensional Scale for Anti-Social Behaviour in a Higher Education Setting

The purpose of this research is to construct and validate a multi-dimensional scale of Anti-social Behaviour (hereafter ASB) in a Western higher education context (i.e. USA). To achieve this, four studies, each with a different sample, were performed. Study 1 (n = 150) followed an exploratory design to generate a pool of potential items measuring ASB. Study 2 (n = 254) explored the dimensionality of the items produced in Study 1 using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and reliability measures. Study 3 (n = 654) confirmed the factorial structure from Study 2 and assessed the measurement model invariance using structural equation modelling (SEM). Finally, Study 4 (n = 287) assessed the predictive validity of the ASB measure through testing a hypothetical path model linking ASB to narcissism and Machiavellianism via an SEM procedure. In total, our research findings conclude that the ASB measurement model is a two-factor multi-dimensional structure comprising: Interpersonal Antagonistic Behaviour (six items) as well as Indirect Distractive Behaviour (four items). The research and practical implications for universities are thereafter discussed

Observation of the baryonic decay B \uaf 0 \u2192 \u39bc+ p \uaf K-K+

We report the observation of the baryonic decay B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uafK-K+ using a data sample of 471 7106 BB\uaf pairs produced in e+e- annihilations at s=10.58GeV. This data sample was recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at SLAC. We find B(B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uafK-K+)=(2.5\ub10.4(stat)\ub10.2(syst)\ub10.6B(\u39bc+)) 710-5, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the uncertainty of the \u39bc+\u2192pK-\u3c0+ branching fraction, respectively. The result has a significance corresponding to 5.0 standard deviations, including all uncertainties. For the resonant decay B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uaf\u3c6, we determine the upper limit B(B\uaf0\u2192\u39bc+p\uaf\u3c6)<1.2 710-5 at 90% confidence level