A Daughter\u27s Struggle to Individuate in Einstein\u27s Daughter

Claudia Smith Brinson’s short story, “Einstein’s Daughter,” is a coming of age tale about a young girl who must delicately navigate her relationship with her mother in order gain independence. The protagonist, who narrates the story, remains unnamed and is defined mostly in reference to her mother’s lineage. The narrator begins the story with the concept that one’s biologically inherited character traits largely determine one’s future. Alluding to Einstein’s theory of relativity, the protagonist uses her extraordinary speed to travel back in time and explore the previous three generations of families on her mother’s side. She uses her observations to plot the probabilities of her own future based on the characteristics and lives of her predecessors. The protagonist’s struggle for autonomy demonstrates how mother-daughter relationships perpetuate patriarchal gender roles, which inherently marginalize women. Additionally, the protagonist’s flight at the story’s end suggests that women must reject biological essentialism and individuate from their mothers in order to create a sense of self that deviates from patriarchal norms

Encountering the Phantasmagoria: Pre-Raphaelite Aesthetics as the Antidote for Victorian Decadence in Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess”

Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess” engages with ‘the problem of Raphael,’ a Victorian aesthetic debate into which Browning enters in order to address Victorian society’s spiritual impotence, which he connects to the societal emphasis on external appearances of virtue and nobility. This emphasis on appearances is reflected in Raphaelite aesthetics, for Victorians understood Raphael’s paintings as representational pictures intended to cause viewers to contemplate spiritual states. The Raphaelite school of aesthetics saw Raphael’s works as the pinnacle of the Christian visual art tradition, while the pre-Raphaelites sought to dissolve the distinction between sacred and secular, painting human bodies as they actual appear, with all of their awkward flaws, as opposed to the polished, perfected, demigod-like humans in a Raphael. This essay weaves Baudelaire’s aesthetic theory of the phantasmagoria with the Victorian aesthetic debate over the problem of Raphael, and the pre-Raphaelite school of Victorian painters’ associations with sacramental realism, for a new take on Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess.

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

A Worksite Wellness Intervention: Improving Happiness, Life Satisfaction, and Gratitude in Health Care Workers

Objective: To assess the effect of a 12-week Stress Management and Resilience Training (SMART) program on happiness, life satisfaction, gratitude, mindfulness, spirituality, and stress in health care workers. Participants and Methods: Participants were members of an employee wellness center at an academic health care center. Participants were enrolled as cohorts of 12 to 18 individuals and received the intervention at an employee wellness center from February 19, 2013, to February 27, 2017. The study was designed as a prospective, nonrandomized, single-arm clinical trial that included a 3-month in-person SMART program (defined as the intervention), with an additional 3-month postintervention follow-up period (6 months total). Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T0), end of intervention (T3), and after the postintervention follow-up period (T6) and included Subjective Happiness Survey, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Gratitude Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being, and Perceived Stress Scale. Results: Of the 110 participants who enrolled and provided consent, 98 participants (89%) completed the T0 and T3 assessments and 85 participants (77%) completed the T0, T3, and T6 assessments. On comparing the T0 and T6 responses, we observed statistically significant improvements (P<.001) in all the domains studied: subjective happiness (baseline average, 4.6; T6 average, 5.5; average difference, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0), life satisfaction (baseline average, 22.8; T6 average, 27.5; average difference, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.6-5.9); gratitude (baseline average, 35.8; T6 average, 39.3; average difference, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.6-4.5), mindfulness (baseline average, 3.5; T6 average, 4.2; average difference, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being (baseline average, 29.9; T6 average, 37.4; average difference, 7.5; 95% CI, 6.0-9.2), and percentage of people reporting high stress (baseline, 97.6%; T6, 67.1%). Similar results were observed when comparing the T0 and T3 responses. Conclusion: In health care workers, training in the SMART program was associated with statistically significant improvements in happiness, satisfaction with life, gratitude, mindfulness, spirituality, and stress (P<.001). Given the importance of stress in the workplace, larger randomized trials and broader dissemination of the program in health care workers is warranted