Foreign rule?: transnational, national, and local perspectives on Venice and Venetia within the “multinational” empire

The history of the Habsburg Empire in the post-Napoleonic era is frequently approached from the perspective of its various component nationalities. These were traditionally portrayed in the historiography as engaged in more-or-less open struggle with control from Vienna. This article argues that the over-privileging of such national categories can distort the picture. By looking at a number of case studies – the naming of Lombardy-Venetia, the Biblioteca italiana, the Panteon veneto – the relationship between Venice (and its Terraferma) and Habsburg rule during the second Austrian domination is examined. It will be argued that it is more profitable to see Venetian identities (municipal, local, Italian, and as part of a wider transnational European culture) as capable of working for as well as against the empire, and that Habsburg policy was as often concerned with managing potential local rivalries (notably between Lombards and Venetians) as with controlling a perceived Italian threat. It is also suggested that, while cultivation of local identity was often used to reinforce the national, the Austrian authorities were also happy to annex both to further imperial interests

Discussion et contrôle des budgets dans différents pays : correspondances du Golden-Club / éditées par J. W. Probyn ; traduites par M. Maubuisson

Contient une table des matièresAvec mode text

Local government and taxation in the United Kingdom.

Mode of access: Internet

Becoming flexible: Self-flexibility and its pedagogies

Much of the debate on flexibility has remained at a stubbornly macro, demographic level without looking closely at individual attempts to become more flexible. This paper argues that the debate on flexibility has been dominated by attention to the structural side, looking at flexi-time and part-time contracting, for example, to the neglect of what we call self-flexibility through self-reflexivity and self-transformation. The paper begins to redress this imbalance drawing upon two different cases which examine specific forms of self-flexibility: feedback and personal malleability and risk-taking through experiential learning. Drawing upon sociological research, we seek to examine critically the ways in which self-flexibilities are taken up and pursued by employees in their attempts to remain employable and their gendered implications. © 2009 British Academy of Management

Systems of land tenure in various countries. A series of essays published under the sanction of the Cobden Club.

Includes index.Longfield, M. The tenure of land in Ireland.--Brodrick, G. C. The law and custom of primogeniture.--Hoskyns, C. W. The land laws of England.--Campbell, Sir G. The tenure of land in India.--Leslie, T. E. C. The land system of France.--Faucher, J. The Russian agrarian legislation of 1861.--Morier, R. B. D. The agrarian legislation of Prussia during the present century; also a report on the tenure of land in the grand duchy of Hesse.--Laveleye, É. de. The land system of Belgium and Holland.--Fisher, C. M. Farm land and land laws of the United States.Mode of access: Internet

Variation in particulate C and N isotope composition following iron fertilization in two successive phytoplankton communities in the Southern Ocean

Surface d15NPON increased 3.92 ± 0.48‰ over the course of 20 days following additions of iron (Fe) to an eddy in close proximity to the Antarctic Polar Front in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The change in d15NPON was associated with an increase in the >20 µm size fraction, leading to a maximal difference of 6.23‰ between the >20 µm and <20 µm size fractions. Surface d13CPOC increased 1.18 ± 0.31‰ over the same period. After a decrease in particulate organic matter in the surface layer, a second phytoplankton community developed that accumulated less biomass, had a slower growth rate and was characterized by an offset of 1.56‰ in d13CPOC relative to the first community. During growth of the second community, surface d13CPOC further increased 0.83 ± 0.13‰. Here we speculate on ways that carboxylation, nitrogen assimilation, substrate pool enrichment and community composition may have contributed to the gradual increase in d13CPOC associated with phytoplankton biomass accumulation, as well as the systematic offset in d13CPOC between the two phytoplankton communities