Leveraging food system transformation in Latin America through scaling high impact business models

Key messages: 1) A framework was developed and applied to identify Climate-Smart Food Systems (CSFS) business models in the Latin America (LATAM) region with the potential to implement and scale climate mitigation and resilient practices across several food production systems. 2) Through the analysis, a pipeline of eight high-impact potential companies were identified to facilitate matchmaking with private sector investors. 3) Selected CSFS companies include agroforestry (i.e., coffee and cocoa), regenerative livestock production and silvipastoral systems, with positive impacts on social (e.g., gender and youth) and economic aspects. 4) Some of the most important challenges identified for implementing and scaling CSFS include: 1) access to capital, especially for long-term projects; 2) access to information and technical assistance; and 3) market validation for some products, especially fruits. 5) Regarding technical assistance, focus should be on implementing measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of emissions, accessing carbon markets and providing guidance for adoption of CSFS practices and project review and discussion for up- and middle-stream companies. 5) The CIAT-CCAFS Impact Assessment Tool showed potential for evaluating CSFS performance of companies (i) potential impact assessment and (ii) additionality of investments regarding mitigation, adaptation and productivity

Dados de cultivo comercial para avaliação da lacuna de produtividade de soja e suas causas no Mato Grosso, Brasil

Closing the agricultural yield gap is important to meet the demands of a growing population and changing dietary preferences, which are increasingly focused on higher protein intake per capita. Among the key crops essential for addressing this challenge, soybean holds a prominent position. Despite its significance in soybean production, there remains few published studies that describe the adopted crop management systems and elucidate the yield gap in Brazil, particularly in the Mato Grosso region, the country\'s major soybean-producing area, where a substantial yield gap of up to 50% is observed. In this study, we utilized an on-farm database comprising data from 108 soybean fields over two crop seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). This dataset consisted of field-specific information on various factors, including field traits, crop management practices, applied inputs, and the incidence of yield-reducing factors. Our objective was to gain insights into the crop management practices employed and to quantify the soybean yield gap in the Mato Grosso region, with the aim of identifying the underlying causes behind such gaps. Our findings revealed a high adoption rate of the no-tillage system, ranging from 60% to 100% across different regions. Additionally, we observed extensive utilization of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Nutritional deficiencies were reported in 0% to 60% of the surveyed plots, while sowing and harvest delays were reported by 20% to 83% of farmers. Markedly, our results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the yield gap of 18,5 kg.ha-1 per day of sowing delay. Yet, factors such as fungicide application, soil nutrient levels, nutritional deficiencies, and waterlogging were also identified as significant contributors to the soybean yield gap.Reduzir a lacuna de produtividade agrícola é importante para atender às demandas de uma população em crescimento e mudanças nas preferências alimentares, que sinalizam para um aumento expressivo no consumo de proteína per capita. A soja ocupa uma posição de destaque entre as opções proteicas neste contexto. Apesar de sua importância na produção de soja, existem poucos estudos publicados que descrevem os sistemas de manejo adotados e elucidam a lacuna de produtividade no Brasil, especialmente na região do Mato Grosso, a principal área produtora de soja do país. Neste estudo, utilizou-se um banco de dados de campos comerciais composto por informações de 108 áreas de cultivo de soja ao longo de duas safras (2020/2021 e 2021/2022). Esse conjunto de dados consiste em informações específicas de cada área, incluindo características do campo, práticas de manejo da cultura, insumos aplicados e incidência de fatores redutores de produtividade. O objetivo do estudo foi quantificar a lacuna de produtividade da soja na região do Mato Grosso e identificar as principais práticas de manejo adotadas que interferem sobre ela, com o intuito de descrever as causas determinantes subjacentes dessa lacuna. Os resultados revelaram uma alta taxa de adoção do sistema de plantio direto, variando de 60% a 100% em diferentes regiões. Além disso, observou-se o amplo uso de pesticidas e fertilizantes químicos. Deficiências nutricionais foram relatadas em 0% a 60% das áreas analisadas, enquanto atrasos no plantio e na colheita foram relatados por 20% a 83% dos agricultores nas diferentes regiões. Ainda, os resultados demonstraram relação estatisticamente significativa na lacuna de produtividade de aproximadamente numa proporção de 18,5 kg.ha-1 por dia de atraso na semeadura. Fatores como aplicação de fungicidas, níveis de nutrientes do solo, deficiências nutricionais e encharcamento também foram identificados como contribuintes significativos para a lacuna de produtividade da soja

Estado nutricional de mangueiras determinado pelos métodos DRIS e CND Nutritional status of mango determined by DRIS and CND methods

Diferentes procedimentos referentes do método do sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação podem influenciar a acurácia da diagnose foliar da mangueira. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar diagnósticos do estado nutricional da mangueira obtidos através de diferentes métodos de avaliação do estado nutricional, comparando-se relações multivariadas (método CND) com relações bivariadas (método DRIS), ou seja, com variações quanto ao uso de normas específicas ou preliminares e à transformação logarítmica dos dados. Foram utilizados resultados de análises de teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes de 63 pomares de mangueira do Vale do Submédio São Francisco. Para a interpretação dos índices nutricionais através do critério do Potencial de Resposta à Adubação. Os métodos CND e DRIS, com e sem transformação logarítmica e se usando normas específicas ou preliminares, as quais apresentaram desempenho semelhante na avaliação do estado nutricional da mangueira no Submédio São Francisco. Nos pomares de manga do semiárido nordestino as deficiências de micronutrientes (Zn, Fe e Cu) foram mais frequentes que a deficiência de macronutrientes.<br>Different procedures for the integrated method of diagnosis and recommendation may influence the accuracy of foliar diagnosis of mango. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the diagnosis of nutritional status of mango obtained by different methods of assessing nutritional status, comparing multivariate relations (method CND) with bivariate relationships (DRIS) i.e., variations in the use of specific or preliminary standards and a logarithmic transformation of the data. The macro and micronutrient leaf analysis results of 63 mango orchards of Lower-middle São Francisco River Valley, Brazil, were used. To interpret nutritional status the Potential Response to Fertilization (PRA) criteria was used. The CND and DRIS methods, with and without logarithmic transformation and using specific or preliminary standards, which showed similar performance in assessing the nutritional status of the mango in Lower-middle San Francisco. Mango orchards in the semiarid region of northeast Brazil, the micronutrient deficiencies (Zn, Fe and Cu) were more frequent than macronutrient deficiency

Estado nutricional de mangueiras determinado pelos métodos DRIS e CND

Different procedures for the integrated method of diagnosis and recommendation may influence the accuracy of foliar diagnosis of mango. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the diagnosis of nutritional status of mango obtained by different methods of assessing nutritional status, comparing multivariate relations (method CND) with bivariate relationships (DRIS) i.e., variations in the use of specific or preliminary standards and a logarithmic transformation of the data. The macro and micronutrient leaf analysis results of 63 mango orchards of Lower-middle São Francisco River Valley, Brazil, were used. To interpret nutritional status the Potential Response to Fertilization (PRA) criteria was used. The CND and DRIS methods, with and without logarithmic transformation and using specific or preliminary standards, which showed similar performance in assessing the nutritional status of the mango in Lower-middle San Francisco. Mango orchards in the semiarid region of northeast Brazil, the micronutrient deficiencies (Zn, Fe and Cu) were more frequent than macronutrient deficiency

Reinterpretation of Three Crystal Structures of Alkali Oxoiodate(V) - Description of the [I3O8]- Anion and the Infinite 2D [I3O8-]∞ Anion

International audienceTwo Cs2(IO3)(I3O8) polymorph phases and the Rb2(I3O8)- (IO3)(HIO3)2(H2O) compound were prepared by hydrothermal syntheses and characterised by X-ray single crystal diffraction. α-Cs2(IO3)- (I3O8) crystallises in the hexagonal space group P63 (a = 7.366(1) Å; c = 13.883(1) Å; V = 652.3(1) Å3; Z' = 2) whereas β-Cs2(IO3)(I3O8) crystallises in monoclinic space group P21/n (a = 12.733(1) Å; b = 7.437(1) Å; c = 14.359(2) Å; β = 106.98(1)°; V = 1300.4(2) Å3; Z = 4) and Rb2(I3O8)(IO3)(HIO3)2(H2O) in triclinic space group P1¯ (a = 7.043(1) Å, b = 7.496(1) Å, c = 18.203(3) Å; α = 79.70(2)°; β = 85.04(2)°; γ = 70.66 (1)°; V = 891.8(2) Å3; Z = 2). β-Cs2(IO3)(I3O8) and Rb2(I3O8)(IO3)(HIO3)2(H2O) reveal the presence of [I3O8]- anion. These compounds have already been characterised as β-Cs2I4O11 and Rb2I6O15(OH)2*(H2O) for which the descriptions do not reflect the chemical structure. The previous descriptions are based on different choices for the I-O bonding character. In Rb2(I3O8)(IO3)(HIO3)2(H2O), the shortest I***O interaction (2.316(5) Å) observed between a [IO3 -] anion and HIO3 is in the same range of I-O bond length (2.201(4) Å) in the [I3O8]- anion. Bond valence calculations clearly show three classes of I-O interactions. Finally, DFT calculations coupled to the Electron Localisation Function analysis were performed to describe chemical schemes of these bonds, which justified our chemical description of the structures. The non-centrosymmetric α-Cs2(IO3)(I3O8) compound, revealed the presence of the infinite two-dimensional [I3O8 -]∞, which was obtained by condensation of iodate anions