415 research outputs found
Real-Time Model of a Large-scale Water Distribution System
AbstractThis paper presents a real-time WDS hydraulic model combining with field measurements provided by supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA). The system is composed of three parts, namely SCADA, state estimation server and client terminal. For the real-time demand estimation, a weighted least-squares scheme based recursive state estimator and local linear matrix transform algorithm are applied. The WDS model system is applied in Guangzhou city, which is one of the largest cities in China, and proves that the proposed nodal demand correction algorithms are effective for real-time WDS model
Perpendicular-current Studies of Electron Transport Across Metal/Metal Interfaces
We review what we have learned about the scattering of electrons by the
interfaces between two different metals (M1/M2) in the
current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) geometry. In this geometry, the intrinsic
quantity is the specific resistance, AR, the product of the area through which
the CPP current flows times the CPP resistance. We describe results for both
non-magnetic/non-magnetic (N1/N2) and ferromagnetic/non-magnetic (F/N) pairs.
We focus especially upon cases where M1/M2 are lattice matched (i.e., have the
same crystal structure and the same lattice parameters to within ~ 1%), because
in these cases no-free-parameter calculations of 2AR agree surprisingly well
with measured values. But we also list and briefly discuss cases where M1/M2
are not lattice matched, either having different crystal structures, or lattice
parameters that differ by several percent. The published calculations of 2AR in
these latter cases do not agree so well with measured values.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables. In Press: Applied Surface Scienc
Ultra-Violet Infinities and Counterterms in Higher Dimensional Yang-Mills
In this letter we investigate the ultra-violet behaviour of four-point
one-loop gluon amplitudes in dimensions greater than four coupled to various
particles types. We discuss the structure of the counterterms and their
inherent symmetries.Comment: 14 pages, LateX, axodra
A Moving Boundary Flux Stabilization Method for Cartesian Cut-Cell Grids using Directional Operator Splitting
An explicit moving boundary method for the numerical solution of
time-dependent hyperbolic conservation laws on grids produced by the
intersection of complex geometries with a regular Cartesian grid is presented.
As it employs directional operator splitting, implementation of the scheme is
rather straightforward. Extending the method for static walls from Klein et
al., Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A367, no. 1907, 4559-4575 (2009), the scheme
calculates fluxes needed for a conservative update of the near-wall cut-cells
as linear combinations of standard fluxes from a one-dimensional extended
stencil. Here the standard fluxes are those obtained without regard to the
small sub-cell problem, and the linear combination weights involve detailed
information regarding the cut-cell geometry. This linear combination of
standard fluxes stabilizes the updates such that the time-step yielding
marginal stability for arbitrarily small cut-cells is of the same order as that
for regular cells. Moreover, it renders the approach compatible with a wide
range of existing numerical flux-approximation methods. The scheme is extended
here to time dependent rigid boundaries by reformulating the linear combination
weights of the stabilizing flux stencil to account for the time dependence of
cut-cell volume and interface area fractions. The two-dimensional tests
discussed include advection in a channel oriented at an oblique angle to the
Cartesian computational mesh, cylinders with circular and triangular
cross-section passing through a stationary shock wave, a piston moving through
an open-ended shock tube, and the flow around an oscillating NACA 0012 aerofoil
profile.Comment: 30 pages, 27 figures, 3 table
Phylogenetic analyses of four Chinese endemic wheat landraces based on two single copy genes
Chinese endemic wheat landraces possess unique morphological features and desirable traits, useful for wheat breeding. It is important to clarify the relationship among these landraces. In this study, 21 accessions of the four Chinese endemic wheat landrace species were investigated using single-copy genes encoding plastid Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc-1) and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk-1) in order to estimate their phylogenetic relationship. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian, and TCS network and gene flow values. The A and B genome sequences from the Pgk-1 loci indicated that three accessions of Triticum petropavlovskyi were clustered into the same subclade, and the T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum and the Sichuan white wheat accessions were grouped into a separate subclade. Based on the Acc-1 gene, T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum and T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense were grouped into one subclade in the A genome; the B genome from T. petropavlovskyi and T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum, and the Sichuan white wheat complex and T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum were grouped in the same clades. The D genome of T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense clustered with T. petropavlovskyi. Our findings suggested that (1) T. petropavlovskyi is distantly related to the Sichuan white wheat complex; (2) T. petropavlovskyi, T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum and T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense are closely related; (3) T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum is closely related to T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense and the Sichuan white wheat complex; and (4) T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum may be an ancestor of Chinese endemic wheat landraces
Isotopic composition of fragments in multifragmentation of very large nuclear systems: effects of the chemical equilibrium
Studies on the isospin of fragments resulting from the disassembly of highly
excited large thermal-like nuclear emitting sources, formed in the ^{197}Au +
^{197}Au reaction at 35 MeV/nucleon beam energy, are presented. Two different
decay systems (the quasiprojectile formed in midperipheral reactions and the
unique source coming from the incomplete fusion of projectile and target in the
most central collisions) were considered; these emitting sources have the same
initial N/Z ratio and excitation energy (E^* ~= 5--6 MeV/nucleon), but
different size. Their charge yields and isotopic content of the fragments show
different distributions. It is observed that the neutron content of
intermediate mass fragments increases with the size of the source. These
evidences are consistent with chemical equilibrium reached in the systems. This
fact is confirmed by the analysis with the statistical multifragmentation
model.Comment: 9 pages, 4 ps figure
Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Cavities for Quantum Fluids Experiments
The union of quantum fluids research with nanoscience is rich with
opportunities for new physics. The relevant length scales in quantum fluids,
3He in particular, are comparable to those possible using microfluidic and
nanofluidic devices. In this article, we will briefly review how the physics of
quantum fluids depends strongly on confinement on the microscale and nanoscale.
Then we present devices fabricated specifically for quantum fluids research,
with cavity sizes ranging from 30 nm to 11 microns deep, and the
characterization of these devices for low temperature quantum fluids
experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to Journal of Low Temperature Physic
Comparisons of Statistical Multifragmentation and Evaporation Models for Heavy Ion Collisions
The results from ten statistical multifragmentation models have been compared
with each other using selected experimental observables. Even though details in
any single observable may differ, the general trends among models are similar.
Thus these models and similar ones are very good in providing important physics
insights especially for general properties of the primary fragments and the
multifragmentation process. Mean values and ratios of observables are also less
sensitive to individual differences in the models. In addition to
multifragmentation models, we have compared results from five commonly used
evaporation codes. The fluctuations in isotope yield ratios are found to be a
good indicator to evaluate the sequential decay implementation in the code. The
systems and the observables studied here can be used as benchmarks for the
development of statistical multifragmentation models and evaporation codes.Comment: To appear on Euorpean Physics Journal A as part of the Topical Volume
"Dynamics and Thermodynamics with Nuclear Degrees of Freedo
Isospin Effects in Nuclear Multifragmentation
We develop an improved Statistical Multifragmentation Model that provides the
capability to calculate calorimetric and isotopic observables with precision.
With this new model we examine the influence of nuclear isospin on the fragment
elemental and isotopic distributions. We show that the proposed improvements on
the model are essential for studying isospin effects in nuclear
multifragmentation. In particular, these calculations show that accurate
comparisons to experimental data require that the nuclear masses, free energies
and secondary decay must be handled with higher precision than many current
models accord.Comment: 46 pages, 16 figure
The PL calibration for Milky Way Cepheids and its implications for the distance scale
The rationale behind recent calibrations of the Cepheid PL relation using the
Wesenheit formulation is reviewed and reanalyzed, and it is shown that recent
conclusions regarding a possible change in slope of the PL relation for
short-period and long-period Cepheids are tied to a pathological distribution
of HST calibrators within the instability strip. A recalibration of the
period-luminosity relation is obtained using Galactic Cepheids in open clusters
and groups, the resulting relationship, described by log L/L_sun =
2.415(+-0.035) + 1.148(+-0.044)log P, exhibiting only the moderate scatter
expected from color spread within the instability strip. The relationship is
confirmed by Cepheids with HST parallaxes, although without the need for
Lutz-Kelker corrections, and in general by Cepheids with revised Hipparcos
parallaxes, albeit with concerns about the cited precisions of the latter. A
Wesenheit formulation of Wv = -2.259(+-0.083) - 4.185(+-0.103)log P for
Galactic Cepheids is tested successfully using Cepheids in the inner regions of
the galaxy NGC 4258, confirming the independent geometrical distance
established for the galaxy from OH masers. Differences between the extinction
properties of interstellar and extragalactic dust may yet play an important
role in the further calibration of the Cepheid PL relation and its application
to the extragalactic distance scale.Comment: Accepted for Publication (Astrophysics & Space Science
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