De 20 000 à 18 000 BP en Quercy : apports de la séquence du Cuzoul de Vers à la compréhension de l'évolution des comportements socio-économiques entre Solutréen récent et Badegoulien

Essai de synthèse des travaux menés autour du gisement du Cuzoul de Vers (Lot)

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

: Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Peer reviewe

Etude des formes d'ondes permettant une optimisation des performances des amplificateurs de puissance (application à la conception d'amplificateurs, à faible tension de polarisation, pour les communications mobiles)

LIMOGES-BU Sciences (870852109) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etude et conception d'un système de caractérisation fonctionnelle d'amplificateur de puissance en mode CW pulse

Dans le contexte actuel des microondes, certaines applications, telles que les radars, utilisent des signaux pulsés. L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse a été d'adapter un banc de caractérisation fonctionnelle de type load-pull à la mesure de puissance en mode pulsé. L'outil ainsi élaboré, basé sur l'emploi d'un analyseur de réseaux vectoriel, ainsi que les méhodes d'étalonnage et de mesures ont été validées. La caractérisation au cours d'une impulsion des signaux d'un amplificateur bipolaire Silicium 5W a fait apparaître un déphasage entrée/sortie important ainsi qu'une forte variation de la puissance générée. Afin d'analyser les différentes causes de ces évolutions dans l'impulsion (comportement thermique, conditions d'adaptation en entrée et en sortie), des mesures similaires ont été menées sur un transistor de type HBT. Enfin des simulations sont venues compléter cette analyse.CERGY-ENSEA (951272302) / SudocLIMOGES-BU Sciences (870852109) / SudocSudocFranceF

An active pulsed RF and pulsed DC load-pull system for the characterization of H.B.T. power transistors used in coherent radar and communication systems

International audienceThis paper presents a new automated and vector error-corrected active load-pull system allowing the characterization of microwave power transistors under coherent pulsed RF and pulsed DC operating conditions. In this paper, the use of this system is focused on the characterization of a 240-μm2 GaInP-GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) (Thomson CSP-LCR, Orsay, France). On one hand, source and load-pull measurements of such a transistor are reported for different pulsewidths. On the other hand, nonlinear simulations based on an electrothermal model of an HBT have been performed and are compared with experiments. Power variations and RF carrier phase shift within the pulse versus input power and junction temperature of the transistor are show

Measurements of time domain voltage/current waveforms at microwave frequencies based for the characterization of non linear devices

International audienc

Système de caractérisation de type load-pull temporel pour l'optimisation des classes de fonctionnement des transistors de puissance et pour l'étude de l'intermodulation

National audienc

Measurements of time-domain voltage/current waveforms at RF and microwave frequencies based on the use of a vector network analyzer for the characterization of nonlinear devices-application to high-efficiency power amplifiers and frequency-multipliers optimization

International audienceA new time-domain waveform measurement system based on the combination of an harmonic source and load-pull setup with a modified vector network analyzer (VNA) is presented. It allows the visualization, the measurement, and the optimization of high-frequency currents and voltages at both ports of nonlinear microwave devices. Measurements of GaAs field effect transistor (FET's) and GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT's) at L-band were performed to demonstrate the great capabilities of the system. On one hand, voltage and current waveforms at both ports of transistors, working as power amplifiers, were optimized for maximum power-added efficiency. On the other hand, time-domain waveforms of transistors operating as frequency multipliers were optimized for maximum conversion gain. Such results prove the capabilities offered by this new nonlinear time-domain measurement system to aid in designing optimized power amplifiers or frequency multipliers. They also provide valuable information for nonlinear transistor model validatio

A novel time domain characterization technique of intermodulation in microwave transistors. Application to the visualization of the distortion of high efficiency power amplifiers

International audienc