Conectividad visual trasandina: una exploración del arte rupestre de paisajes cordilleranos y espacios adyacentes (36º-37º Lat. Sur) mediante análisis espaciales y de redes

Nuestras investigaciones sobre el arte rupestre de paisajes cordilleranos y espacios adyacentes de los Andes Sur (36º-37º Lat. Sur) identificaron semejanzas y diferencias entre la región del Maule (Chile) y del norte del Neuquén (Argentina). En este trabajo ahondaremos en estos patrones mediante la cuantificación sistemática de estas vinculaciones y sus relaciones geográficas. Para ello, elaboramos una Matriz de Presencia/Ausencia que combina datos propios y disponibles en la bibliografía sobre aspectos formales, locacionales y contextuales del arte rupestre. Esta matriz es indagada mediante análisis espaciales vía Sistemas de Información Geográfica y de Redes Sociales. Los resultados ofrecen una medida cuantitativa sistemática del grado de conectividad entre los sitios y espacios andinos analizados. A partir de ello, se discuten hipótesis de base etnográfica, etnohistórica yarqueológica sobre la existencia de vectores geográficos dominantes para el acceso/uso de estos espacios que, dadas sus características biogeográficas, conllevan el potencial de haber sido utilizados por grupos humanos diferentes asentados en forma más permanente a ambos lados de los Andes. La exploración de estas conexiones ofrecerá una mayor comprensión sobre las dinámicas espaciales y visuales de circulación de información e interacción social que operaron en espacios transcordilleranos de los Andes Sur durante el Holoceno tardío.Fil: Romero Villanueva, Guadalupe. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Gutiérrez, Renata. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Campbell, Roberto. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Barberena, Ramiro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Gustavo. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileXI Jornadas de Arqueología de la PatagoniaPuerto MonttChileUniversidad Austral de Chile. Escuela de ArqueologíaInstituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento LatinoamericanoSociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Estudio de inundabilidad bajo parámetros hidrológicos con cambio climático global, mediante modelación hidráulica, aplicada al Río Tumbes, Tramo desde Higuerón hasta la desembocadura del Océano Pacífico

La presente investigación, nos muestra el uso de herramientas computacionales como la modelación numérica aplicada a la hidrología e hidráulica. Para una mayor representación en los procesos físicos de la cuenca hidrológica del rio tumbes y su movimiento histórico de su flujo en su cauce principal respectivamente. En la cual estos procesos físicos, han sido afectado durante el tiempo por el cambio climático, perjudicando la temporada de lluvias con un aumento significativo. Y es por eso que se implementa modelos climático globales en la hidrología de la cuenca de estudio, con la finalidad de ver su influencia a futuro y realizar una comparación de los diferentes caudales que puedan resultar para una avenida centenaria. La investigación, parte de un tratamiento de las variables meteorológicas que tienen consigo una inhomogeneidad en su registro, y esto se solucionó mediante el paquete de R-Climatol, la cual es un paquete del lenguaje de programación R. Posterior a ello, la construcción de un modelo hidrológico semidistribuido SWAT, donde se realizó una calibración estricta para poder tener una mayor representación en los procesos hidrológicos y tener proyecciones futuras confiables. Concluyendo en hidrogramas de entradas para un modelo hidrodinámico bidimensional como lo es “Hec-ras”, donde se realizó una validacion con mediciones de campo que se desarrolló en diferentes periodos temporales. Culminando en mapas de inundaciones donde se representa las velocidades en respuesta de una avenida centenaria y sus tirantes (o conocido como calado), además de elaboración de mapas de para la gestión de inundación fluvial por la normatividad de CENEPRED (Centro Nacional de Estimación, Prevención y Reducción de Riesgos de Desastres). Las cuales son la peligrosidad, vulnerabilidad y riesgo en el área de la cuenca de Tumbes, partiendo de la estación hidrométrica Higuerón hasta la desembocadura del Océano Pacifico.This research shows the use of computational tools such as numerical modeling applied to hydrology and hydraulics. For a better representation of the physical processes of the hydrological basin of the Tumbes River and lts historical movement of its flow in its main, channel respectively. In which these physical processes have been affected over time by climate change, damaging the rainy season with a significant increase. That is why global climate models are implemented in the hydrology of the study basin, in order to see its influence in the future and make a comparison of the different flows that may result for a centennial flood. The research starts with a treatment of the meteorological variables that have an inhomogeneity in their registration, and this was solved by means of the R Climatol package, which is a package of the R programming language. Subsequently, the construction of a semi-distributed SWAT hydrological model, where a strict calibration was performed in order to have a better representation of the hydrological processes and to have reliable future projections. Concluding in input hydrographs for a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model such as ""Hec-ras"", where a validation was performed with field measurements that were developed in different times. Culminating in flood maps where the velocities are represented in response to a centennial flood and its depths (or known as draft), in addition to the development of maps for river flood management by the regulations of CENEPRED (National Center for Estimation, Prevention and Reduction of Disaster Risks). These are the hazard, vulnerability and risk in the area of the Tumbes basin, starting from the Higueron hydrometric station to the mouth of the Pacific OceanTesi

Los videotutoriales como medio para generar nuevos entornos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las asignaturas de Estructuras de la Edificación [Video-tutorials as a means to generate new teaching-learning environments in the subjects of Building Structures]

La actividad docente de un profesor está íntimamente ligada con la concepción que pueda tener de lo que es enseñar y de lo que es aprender o, dicho de otra manera, del mayor o menor grado de implicación que adopte en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de sus alumnos. Si entendemos que una de las tareas de los profesores es el de crear entornos de aprendizaje que ofrezcan las mejores condiciones para que los estudiantes puedan desarrollar el conocimiento y destrezas necesarios, los videotutoriales -de corta duración y de buena calidad, en el que pueda verse al profesor- se pueden convertir en un medio para generar nuevos entornos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Es de destacar que la utilización de dichos videotutoriales, resulta muy atractivo y motivador para los estudiantes; que están muy familiarizados con este tipo de formato. [The teacher's instructional activity is closely linked to the concept he may have of what is teaching and learning or, in other words, the greater or lesser degree of his students involvement in the teaching-learning process. If we understand that one of the teacher's task is to create learning environments that offer the best conditions for students to develop the knowledge and skills needed, short good quality video-tutorials in which the teacher can be seen may become a means to generate new teaching-learning environments. It is noteworthy that the use of such video-tutorials is very attractive and motivating to students who are very familiar with this type of format.

Production of biologically active human lymphotactin (XCL1) by Lactococcus lactis

Lymphotactin-XCL1 is a chemokine produced mainly by activated CD8? T-cells and directs migration of CD4? and CD8? lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. We expressed human lymphotactin (LTN) by the lactic-acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis. Biological activity of LTN was confirmed by chemo-attraction of human T-cells by chemotaxis demonstrating, for the first time, how this chemokine secreted by a food-grade prokaryote retains biological activity and chemoattracts T lymphocytes. This strain thus represents a feasible well-tolerated vector to deliver active LTN at a mucosal level

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Cost-based industrial enterprise human capital management

The paper focuses on importance of human capital in development of industrial enterprises, issues of their management and methods of achieving balance between interests of owners and employees. Difference between such concepts as human and labor potential as well as human and working capital is clarified. The special attention is paid to the fact that an effective system of motivation and incentivation of labor is to serve as means of rapprochement of human and labor capital. The authors point out the limited scope of the traditional forms of labor motivation and incentivation mechanisms and highlight the complexity of their encouragement for collective work results. The authors suggest using the cost-based approach to workforce management, which is based on assessment of market and intrinsic value of human capital in view of investment and quality characteristics. The proposed approach is attended by methodological support and operational calculations. The study states that the suggested human capital management model can be introduced into practice, as well as substantiates the necessity for boosting the performance of industrial enterprises and their cost by increasing production, stimulating the staff for selfrealization and self-improvement by bringing the owners’ corporate interests closer to the interests of the employees

Desempeño Docente y Satisfacción Laboral en Educación Superior

Ponencia del VI Foro de Investigación Educativ