695 research outputs found
Factors controlling the energetics of the oxygen reduction reaction on the Pd-Co electro-catalysts: Insight from first principles
We report here results of our density functional theory based computational
studies of the electronic structure of the Pd-Co alloy electrocatalysts and
energetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on their surfaces. The
calculations have been performed for the (111) surfaces of pure Pd,
Pd0.75Co0.25 and Pd0.5Co0.5 alloys, as well as of the surface segregated
Pd/Pd0.75Co0.25 alloy. We find the hybridization of dPd and dCo electronic
states to be the main factor controlling the electrocatalytic properties of
Pd/Pd0.75Co0.25. Namely the dPd - dCo hybridization causes low energy shift of
the surface Pd d-band with respect to that for Pd(111). This shift weakens
chemical bonds between the ORR intermediates and the Pd/Pd0.75Co0.25 surface,
which is favorable for the reaction. Non-segregated Pd0.75Co0.25 and Pd0.5Co0.5
surfaces are found to be too reactive for ORR due to bonding of the
intermediates to the surface Co atoms. Analysis of the ORR free energy
diagrams, built for the Pd and Pd/Pd0.75Co0.25, shows that the co-adsorption of
the ORR intermediates and water changes the ORR energetics significantly and
makes ORR more favorable. We find the onset ORR potential estimated for the
configurations with the O - OH and OH - OH co-adsorption to be in very good
agreement with experiment. The relevance of this finding to the real reaction
environment is discussed
Does Spin-Orbit Coupling Effect Favor Planar Structures for Small Platinum Clusters?
We have performed full-relativistic density functional theory calculations to
study the geometry and binding energy of different isomers of free platinum
clusters Pt () within the spin multiplicities from singlet to
nonet. The spin-orbit coupling effect has been discussed for the minimum-energy
structures, relative stabilities, vibrational frequencies, magnetic moments,
and the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular-orbital gaps. It is
found in contrast to some of the previous calculations that 3-dimentional
configurations are still lowest energy structures of these clusters, although
spin-orbit effect makes some planar or quasi-planar geometries more stable than
some other 3-dimentional isomers
Scanning electron microscopy and voltammetry of preferentially oriented polycrystalline platinum surfaces
Scanning electron micrographs are taken for a polycrystalline platinum wire before and after the application of a repetitive potential scan at more than 10,000 V/s. The change of the surface structure observed is related to a specific hydrogen adatom voltammogram usually obtained for single crystal surfaces.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada
Zeolite supported Pd electrocatalyst nanoparticle characterization
© 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC A laboratory made 1.5 wt% Palladium (Pd) zeolite electrocatalyst is investigated using the Extended X-ray Adsorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) techniques to reveal Pd structure and resultant electrochemical performance. It was found that the electrochemical activity of hydrogen charger transfer in the hydride region increased for electrocatalyst with large-size particles made at high temperature of 400 °C, compared to those with small-size particles calcined and reduced at temperature below 360 °C, at which no major discrepancies were observed between catalysts of different sizes. Furthermore, Pd particle location has played an important role to enhance electrocatalyst performance. The Pd atom tends to remain at small cages, i.e. zeolite sodalite cages or hexagonal prisms at calcinations and reduction temperatures below 360 °C. When temperature increases to about 400 °C, the majority Pd atoms tend to migrate from zeolite small cages to supercages and zeolite external structures with enhanced electrochemical performance
Enhancing by Weakening: Electrooxidation of Methanol on Pt 3 Co and Pt Nanocubes
No AbstractPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78078/1/anie_201002888_sm_miscellaneous_information.pd
Morphology of supported polymer electrolyte ultra-thin films: a numerical study
Morphology of polymer electrolytes membranes (PEM), e.g., Nafion, inside PEM
fuel cell catalyst layers has significant impact on the electrochemical
activity and transport phenomena that determine cell performance. In those
regions, Nafion can be found as an ultra-thin film, coating the catalyst and
the catalyst support surfaces. The impact of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic
character of these surfaces on the structural formation of the films has not
been sufficiently explored yet. Here, we report about Molecular Dynamics
simulation investigation of the substrate effects on the ionomer ultra-thin
film morphology at different hydration levels. We use a mean-field-like model
we introduced in previous publications for the interaction of the hydrated
Nafion ionomer with a substrate, characterized by a tunable degree of
hydrophilicity. We show that the affinity of the substrate with water plays a
crucial role in the molecular rearrangement of the ionomer film, resulting in
completely different morphologies. Detailed structural description in different
regions of the film shows evidences of strongly heterogeneous behavior. A
qualitative discussion of the implications of our observations on the PEMFC
catalyst layer performance is finally proposed
2D Crystals Significantly Enhance the Performance of a Working Fuel Cell
2D atomic crystals such as single layer graphene (SLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been shown to be “unexpectedly permeable” to hydrogen ions under ambient conditions with the proton conductivity rising exponentially with temperature. Here, the first successful addition of SLG made by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is shown to an operational direct methanol fuel cell significantly enhancing the performance of the cell once the temperature is raised above 60 °C, the temperature at which the proton conductivity of SLG is higher than the Nafion membrane on which it is mounted. Above this temperature, the resistance to proton transport of the system is not affected by the graphene but the barrier properties of graphene inhibit methanol crossover. The performance of the fuel cell is shown to increase linearly with coverage of SLG above this temperature. Results show that the maximum power density is increased at 70 °C by 45% in comparison to the standard membrane electrode assembly without graphene. In addition, a membrane with CVD hBN shows enhanced performance across the entire temperature range due to better proton conductivity at lower temperatures
Determination of Specific Electrocatalytic Sites in the Oxidation of Small Molecules on Crystalline Metal Surfaces
The identification of active sites in electrocatalytic reactions is part of the elucidation of mechanisms of catalyzed reactions on solid surfaces. However, this is not an easy task, even for apparently simple reactions, as we sometimes think the oxidation of adsorbed CO is. For surfaces consisting of non-equivalent sites, the recognition of specific active sites must consider the influence that facets, as is the steps/defect on the surface of the catalyst, cause in its neighbors; one has to consider the electrochemical environment under which the “active sites” lie on the surface, meaning that defects/steps on the surface do not partake in chemistry by themselves. In this paper, we outline the recent efforts in understanding the close relationships between site-specific and the overall rate and/or selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions. We analyze hydrogen adsorption/desorption, and electro-oxidation of CO, methanol, and ammonia. The classical topic of asymmetric electrocatalysis on kinked surfaces is also addressed for glucose electro-oxidation. The article takes into account selected existing data combined with our original works.M.J.S.F. is grateful to PNPD/CAPES (Brazil). J.M.F. thanks the MCINN (FEDER, Spain) project-CTQ-2016-76221-P
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