Influencia del empleo de caucho clorado sobre las propiedades anticorrosivas de pinturas para carena

En el presente trabajo se busca establecer, mediante ensayos en servicio, la resistencia y poder inhibidor de sistemas anticorrosivos para carena, en los cuales la película tiene diferente resistencia por la incorporación creciente de caucho clorado a un vehículo de tipo oleorresinoso (fenólico), que se utiliza como referencia. Estas pinturas se comparan a su vez con formulaciones obtenidas con caucho clorado plastificado. Se emplean en todas las formulaciones pigmentaciones similares y los paneles se preparan con espesores de película comparables

Concordance between Different Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in Peruvian Adults Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clinical entity that has been linked to several non-communicable diseases. There are various consensuses to determine its presence, such as the IDF, ALAD, Harmonized, AHA/NHLBI, NCEP-ATP III or AACE criteria. However, there is currently no standardization to properly identify it. Objective: To assess the diagnostic concordance between different criteria for MetS in Peruvian adults undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the institutional database of a bariatric clinic located in Lima, Peru. We obtained data from adults between 18–59 years who underwent bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy). According to the Kappa coefficient, a heatplot was designed to analyze the concordance of the criteria. Results: An almost perfect concordance was found between all criteria except AACE. The highest kappa coefficient (κ = 0.980) was recorded between the IDF and ALAD criteria using all the sample. Similar results were obtained when we stratified by sex. Conclusions: This study shows that, excluding the AACE, different criteria for metabolic syndrome could be used in Latino adults undergoing bariatric surgery with similar results. Given the postoperative implications, we believe that IDF and ALAD would be the best options in our population.Revisión por pare

Preparación de pinturas en molinos de bolas

Por razones operativas y fundamentalmente económicas, la preparación de los ligantes y la de las pinturas experimentales diseñadas ha sido realizada hasta el presente, dentro de los planes de investigaciones en desarrollo, empleando dispersoras de alta velocidad, molinos de bolas, molinos de arena y reactores tipo tanque agitado, en escala de laboratorio. A su vez, la evaluación de las propiedades de los productos laborados se ha realizado mediante ensayos fisicoquímicos, electroquímicos, envejecimiento acelerado y exposición en balsas experimentales. Luego, por tratamiento estadístico de los resultados, se he obtenido la información básica necesaria para poder realizar, en una segunda etapa, la optimización de las formulaciones estudiadas. Posteriormente, y como consecuencia del desarrollo anteriormente mencionado, se iniciaron en forma intensiva los estudios en planta piloto sobre formulaciones anticorrosivas y antiincrustante que evidenciaron un satisfactorio comportamiento previo (1, 2, 3). Finalizado el equipamiento de la planta, que incluyó el diseño y cálculo de un reactor destinado a la polimerización de aceites y preparación de barnices (A), se Iniciaron los estudios de pintura: marinas sobre carenas de embarcaciones. Estas experiencias se realizaron sobre paneles de aproximadamente 12 metros cuadrados de superficie y en algunos casos sobre la totalidad del casco. Teniendo en cuenta el hecho de que los molinos de bolas han sido los equipos más empleados hasta el presente en la elaboración de pinturas, se ha decidido comenzar estos estudios estableciendo las diferentes variables involucradas en el cambio de escala para los mismos. Además, para las investigaciones en desarrollo, se dispone de molinos de capacidades muy diferentes (3, 1O, 28, 141 y 400 litros). Las variables a evaluar tienen influencia tanto sobre las propiedades de las pinturas anticorrosivas como sobre las de las anti incrustantes. En este último caso es de particular importancia establecer el tiempo adecuado de dispersión del óxido cuproso, de te manera de lograr una adecuada distribución de tamaño de partícula, mínima reacción entre pigmento y componentes del vehículo y máxime bioactividad y durabilidad en servicio

Preliminary ships' trials of chlorinated rubber antifouling paints

Up to now, antifouling paints have been the most adequate method of controlling the settlement of organísms on ships'hulls. In practice, their main drawback is the loss of toxicant that takes place during navigation and which does not have an effective action on foulinq, as this adheres only when the ship is anchored in port or when it naviqates at speeds below A-5 knots. For this reason it has not been possible so far to obtain products whose effectiveness endures for periods of more than two or three years. This protection period is shorter than that of modern anticorrosive painting systems for the underwater part of the hull. The enlargement of the intervals between drydockings and the maintaining of vessels free from corrosión and fouling pro- blems are the current targets of technological research in this subject. In previous stages the authors have developed antifouling formulations of the oleoresinous type of high toxicity. They were determined by means of tests on ships and experimental rafts. The studies currently underway are aimed to obtain antifouling paints based on a chlorinated rubber binder, which show not only great effectiveness and bioactivity, but also excellent adhesion on marine anticorrosive primers prepared with different pigments. Chlorinated rubber resin is being now used in the paint industry particularly, because the film, when correctly plasticized, has excellent resistance to Chemical agents, the paints are easy to apply and the film dries quickly. In the case of anticorrosive formulations, chlorinated rubber paints provide an excellent barrier effect against water and oxygen

Therapeutic effects of psyllium in type 2 diabetic patients

P. 830-842The study included three phases: phase 1 (1 week), phase 2 (treatment, 14 g fibre=day, 6 weeks) and phase 3 (4 weeks). At the end of each phase a clinical evaluation was performed after the ingestion of a test breakfast of 1824.2 kJ (436 kcal). Measurements included concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, fructosamine, GHbA1c, C-peptide and 24 h urinary glucose excretion. In addition, uric acid, cholesterol and several mineral and vitamin concentrations were also evaluated. Twenty type 2 diabetic patients (12 men and 8 women) participated in the study with a mean age of 67.4 y for men and 66 y for women. The mean body mass index of men was 28.2 kg=m2 and that of women 25.9 kg=m2. Glucose absorption decreased significantly in the presence of psyllium (12.2%); this reduction is not associated with an important change in insulin levels (5%). GHbA1c, C-peptide and 24 h urinary glucose excretion decreased (3.8, 14.9 and 22.5%, respectively) during the treatment with fibre (no significant differences) as well as fructosamine (10.9%, significant differences). Psyllium also reduced total and LDL cholesterol (7.7 and 9.2%, respectively, significant differences), and uric acid (10%, significant difference). Minerals and vitamins did not show important changes, except sodium that increased significantly after psyllium administration.S

¿Qué es una intervención sanitaria eficiente en España en 2020?

Hace más de 15 años que en Gaceta Sanitaria se publicó el artículo titulado «¿Qué es una tecnología sanitaria eficiente en España?». El creciente interés por fijar el precio de las nuevas tecnologías en función del valor que estas proporcionan a los sistemas de salud y la experiencia acumulada por los países de nuestro entorno hacen oportuno revisar qué es una intervención sanitaria eficiente en España en el año 2020. El análisis de coste-efectividad sigue siendo el método de referencia para maximizar los resultados en salud de la sociedad con los recursos disponibles. La interpretación de sus resultados requiere establecer unos valores de referencia que sirvan de guía sobre lo que constituye un valor razonable para el sistema sanitario. Los umbrales de eficiencia deben ser flexibles y dinámicos, y actualizarse periódicamente. Su aplicación debe estar basada en la gradualidad y la transparencia, considerando, además, otros factores que reflejen las preferencias sociales. Aunque la fijación de los umbrales corresponde a los decisores políticos, en España puede ser razonable utilizar unos valores de referencia como punto de partida que podrían estar comprendidos entre los 25.000 y los 60.000 euros por año de vida ajustado por calidad. No obstante, en la actualidad, más que la determinación de las cifras exactas de dicho umbral, la cuestión clave es si el Sistema Nacional de Salud está preparado y dispuesto a implantar un modelo de pago basado en el valor, que contribuya a lograr la gradualidad en las decisiones de financiación y, sobre todo, a mejorar la previsibilidad, la consistencia y la transparencia del proceso.Fifteen years ago, Gaceta Sanitaria published the article entitled “What is an efficient health technology in Spain?” The growing interest in setting the price of new technologies based on the value they provide to health systems and the experience accumulated by the countries in our environment make it opportune to review what constitutes an efficient health intervention in Spain in 2020. Cost-effectiveness analysis continues to be the reference method to maximize social health outcomes with the available resources. The interpretation of its results requires establishing reference values that serve as a guide on what constitutes a reasonable value for the health care system. Efficiency thresholds must be flexible and dynamic, and they need to be updated periodically. Its application should be based on and transparency, and consider other factors that reflect social preferences. Although setting thresholds is down to political decision-makers, in Spain it could be reasonable to use thresholds of 25,000 and 60,000 Euros per QALY. However, currently, in addition to determining exactfigures for the threshold,the key question is whether the Spanish National Health System is able and willing to implement a payment model based on value, towards achieving gradual financing decisions and, above all, to improve the predictability, consistency and transparency of the process

Manual Ecomar de corrosión y protección

La mayor parte de los metales utilizables industrialmente sufren fenómenos de corrosión, es decir se deterioran o destruyen por la acción de medios agresivos de diferentes características. En la Armada existe una larga experieneia en la lucha contra la corrosión, por la agresividad del ambiente marino sobre los componentes estructurales de las unidades. Para cuantificar la importancia de es te problema sería necesaria una referencia económica concreta y ésta es difícil de establecer, por cuanto ademas de las pérdidas directas, que se refieren al valor de los materiales destruidos, hay una inmensa variedad de pérdidas indirectas, de difícil análisis. Entre estas últimas pueden citarse las siguientes: vidas humanas por accidentes catastróficos de los materiales estructurales, paralización del uso de sistemas por reparación, pérdida o contaminación de productos íntermedios o final es, aumento de consumo de energía, disminución de rendimiento como consecuencia de la modificación de las características hidrodinámicas de un buque por acumulación de productos de corrosión e incrustaciones. Es por estos motivos que la Armada Argentina, a través del Servicio Naval de Investigación y Desarrollo, decidió oportunamente apoyar las tareas de investigación que realizaban científicos de diferentes organismos (CNEA, CITEFA, INIFTA, CIDEPINT), brindando su aporte en forma de subsidios para que se efectivizara el PROGRAMA ECOMAR, interinstitucional y muítidisciplinario. Se orientaron así aquellos esfuerzos al estudio de la cor ros ion marina y su control. Hace más de un lustro que se está trabajando en el tema y son numerosas las publicaciones científicas y asesoramientos ya real izados. Muchos de los trabajos efectuados han sido presentados en reuniones científicas nacionales e internacionales. Además, en el año 1973, se publicó un tomo sobre CORROS ION MARINA, donde estos problemas fueron analizados exhaustivamente. Complementando esta tarea de transferencia de conocimientos, el SENID ha encarado la edición de este MANUAL ECOMAR DE CORROSIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN, donde se consideran casos de interés práctico y se procura, mediante un lenguaje sencillo, llegar al mayor número posible de interesados en el tema.Material digitalizado en SEDICI-CIC Digital gracias a la Biblioteca del Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Pinturas (CIDEPINT)

Severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: from COVID-19 pneumonia to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a multicentre study in pediatric intensive care units in Spain

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) has been described as a novel and often severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) presenting with MIS-C in comparison with those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection with other features such as COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods A multicentric prospective national registry including 47 PICUs was carried out. Data from children admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C criteria (with or without SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmation) were collected. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features between MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared. Results Seventy-four children were recruited. Sixty-one percent met MIS-C definition. MIS-C patients were older than non-MIS-C patients (p = 0.002): 9.4 years (IQR 5.5–11.8) vs 3.4 years (IQR 0.4–9.4). A higher proportion of them had no previous medical history of interest (88.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.005). Non-MIS-C patients presented more frequently with respiratory distress (60.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). MIS-C patients showed higher prevalence of fever (95.6% vs 64.3%, p < 0.001), diarrhea (66.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001), vomits (71.1% vs 23.1%, p = 0.001), fatigue (65.9% vs 36%, p = 0.016), shock (84.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001) and cardiac dysfunction (53.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.001). MIS-C group had a lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) and LDH (p = 0.001) but higher neutrophil count (p = 0.045), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIS-C group were less likely to receive invasive ventilation (13.3% vs 41.4%, p = 0.005) but were more often treated with vasoactive drugs (66.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (80% vs 44.8%, p = 0.003) and immunoglobulins (51.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). Most patients were discharged from PICU by the end of data collection with a median length of stay of 5 days (IQR 2.5–8 days) in the MIS-C group. Three patients died, none of them belonged to the MIS-C group. Conclusions MIS-C seems to be the most frequent presentation among critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C patients are older and usually healthy. They show a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and shock and are more likely to receive vasoactive drugs and immunomodulators and less likely to need mechanical ventilation than non-MIS-C patients

A genome-wide association study follow-up suggests a possible role for PPARG in systemic sclerosis susceptibility

Introduction: A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising a French cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) reported several non-HLA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing a nominal association in the discovery phase. We aimed to identify previously overlooked susceptibility variants by using a follow-up strategy.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Methods: Sixty-six non-HLA SNPs showing a P value &#60;10-4 in the discovery phase of the French SSc GWAS were analyzed in the first step of this study, performing a meta-analysis that combined data from the two published SSc GWASs. A total of 2,921 SSc patients and 6,963 healthy controls were included in this first phase. Two SNPs, PPARG rs310746 and CHRNA9 rs6832151, were selected for genotyping in the replication cohort (1,068 SSc patients and 6,762 healthy controls) based on the results of the first step. Genotyping was performed by using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Results: We observed nominal associations for both PPARG rs310746 (PMH = 1.90 × 10-6, OR, 1.28) and CHRNA9 rs6832151 (PMH = 4.30 × 10-6, OR, 1.17) genetic variants with SSc in the first step of our study. In the replication phase, we observed a trend of association for PPARG rs310746 (P value = 0.066; OR, 1.17). The combined overall Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis of all the cohorts included in the present study revealed that PPARG rs310746 remained associated with SSc with a nominal non-genome-wide significant P value (PMH = 5.00 × 10-7; OR, 1.25). No evidence of association was observed for CHRNA9 rs6832151 either in the replication phase or in the overall pooled analysis.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Conclusion: Our results suggest a role of PPARG gene in the development of SSc

Evaluation of different bowel preparations for small bowel capsule endoscopy: a prospective, randomized, controlled study

To obtain an adequate view of the whole small intestine during capsule endoscopy (CE) a clear liquid diet and overnight fasting is recommended. However, intestinal content can hamper vision in spite of these measures. Our aim was to evaluate tolerance and degree of intestinal cleanliness during CE following three types of bowel preparation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Two-hundred ninety-one patients underwent one of the following preparations: 4 L of clear liquids (CL) (group A; 92 patients); 90 mL of aqueous sodium phosphate (group B; 89 patients); or 4 L of a polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (group C; 92 patients). The degree of cleanliness of the small bowel was classified by blinded examiners according to four categories (excellent, good, fair or poor). The degree of patient satisfaction, gastric and small bowel transit times, and diagnostic yield were measured. RESULTS: The degree of cleanliness did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0.496). Interobserver concordance was fair (k = 0.38). No significant differences were detected between the diagnostic yields of the CE (P = 0.601). Gastric transit time was 35.7 +/- 3.7 min (group A), 46.1 +/- 8.6 min (group B) and 34.6 +/- 5.0 min (group C) (P = 0.417). Small-intestinal transit time was 276.9 +/- 10.7 min (group A), 249.7 +/- 13.1 min (group B) and 245.6 +/- 11.6 min (group C) (P = 0.120). CL was the best tolerated preparation. Compliance with the bowel preparation regimen was lowest in group C (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: A clear liquid diet and overnight fasting is sufficient to achieve an adequate level of cleanliness and is better tolerated by patients than other forms of preparation