Les grandes villes saxonnes en mutation – Chemnitz, Dresde et Leipzig

En dehors des processus complexes de passage de l’économie socialiste planifiée à l’économie sociale de marché, les grandes villes est-allemandes sont confrontées aux processus de restructuration observables depuis longtemps dans les pays fortement industrialisés. Ce « processus de transformation » se reflète dans la nouvelle structuration des paysages urbains est-allemands. Par d’importantes mesures de revitalisation et de réhabilitation, on essaye d’accroître l’attractivité des centres-villes et des quartiers péricentraux en tant que lieux de vie, d’achat, de résidence et de travail. Il s’agit aussi bien de contrebalancer la concurrence de la périphérie que de tenir compte de la concurrence croissante entre les villes de la région. À l’aide de systèmes de négociation pluralistes, on essaye de mettre en œuvre des concepts de développement urbain comme « le développement urbain durable », « la rénovation urbaine prudente » et « la ville compacte ». La restructuration économique depuis 1990 est présentée à partir des exemples des villes de Chemnitz, Dresde et Leipzig, et en particulier à partir du Graphisches Viertel de Leipzig.Both processes of transition from a socialist planned economy to a social market economy and processes of global restructuring are of relevance to urban landscape change in East Germany. The urban municipalities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz prefer development in the city centre and other parts of the inner city to out-of-town development in suburbia. Entertainment, renovation of historical buildings, and creation of shopping as an event are examples of strategies for urban renewal and inner city revitalisation – to make the city more attractive as a location for living and working. On the one hand cities compete with other cities, on the other hand, decentralisation involves the risk of dissolution of the traditional city. In cooperation with the private sector urban municipalities try to carry out strategies like « sustainable urban development », « careful renewal », and « the compact city ». The aim of this paper is to highlight the process of economic revitalisation since 1990 exemplified by the cities of Chemnitz, Dresden and Leipzig, in particular the Graphic District in Leipzig.Neben den komplexen Prozessen des sozio-ökonomischen Strukturwandels von der sozialistischen Plan- zur sozialen Marktwirtschaft sind die ostdeutschen Großstädte mit der seit längerer Zeit in hoch industrialisierten Ländern zu beobachtenden globalen Restrukturierungsprozessen konfrontiert, die sich u.a. in einer Neustrukturierung ostdeutscher Stadtlandschaften niederschlagen. Mit großen innerstädtischen Revitalisierungs- und Aufwertungsmaßnahmen wird versucht, die Innenstädte und daran anschließende Stadtviertel als Erlebnis-, Einkaufs-, Wohn-, und Arbeitsstandort in ihrer Attraktivität zu steigern. Es gilt, sowohl dem Konkurrenzdruck zu Suburbia zu begegnen als auch einer wachsenden interlokalen Städtekonkurrenz Rechnung zu tragen. Mit Hilfe pluralistischer Verhandlungssysteme wird versucht, städtebauliche Konzepte wie « nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung », « behutsame Stadterneuerung » und « kompakte Stadt » stadtentwicklungspolitisch umzusetzen. An ausgewählten Beispielen der Städte Chemnitz, Dresden und Leipzig, besonders detailliert am Leipziger Graphischen Viertel, wird die wirtschaftliche Neustrukturierung seit der Wende nachgezeichnet

Das Graphische Viertel: ein citynahes Mischgebiet der Stadt Leipzig im Transformationsprozeß; vom Druckgewerbe- zum Bürostandort

The processes of transformation resulting from the pressure to adapt to the level of western and international markets has led to the loss of traditional economic bases and jobs in eastern German big cities, especially in the secondary sector. A process linked with this is the fact that trade and industrial fallows have come into being. What was first of all characteristic for the formation of the service society was the development outwards to suburbanisation and the fact that the city has lost its function. At the present, the development inwards, meaning opening up possibilities through renewing and refunctionalising areas, is becoming more and more important in the framework of sustained urban development. The mixed areas that are in the area of the city centre and that are developed in the architectural style of the period of promoterism are under special pressure to either undergo change or be crowded out. Because of the attractive historical buildings and the favourable location in relation to the city centre, they are especially affected by processes of gentrification and assume the functions of areas for service organisations to expand from the city centre. We would like to take the example of a mixed area in the City of Leipzig to investigate in greater detail the process of deterioration of traditional structures, their persistence as well as introducing new economic, social and cultural functions. This area bordering immediately on the eastern side of the city centre bears the designation of the Graphic District because it was once concentrated in one space and the fact that the paper, publishing and printing trade dominated here. In the first portion, we will present a historical and geographic analysis of the development of the utility structure in various important time periods. Based upon this, we will take stock of the present mixed structures in the second portion and make an analysis of the location with the aid of utilisation mapping and a standardised oral survey of entrepreneurs. The freedom of movement to be found in the Graphic District, the larger industrial fallows as well as residential and commercial buildings from the period of promoterism that still exist there from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century offer sufficient space for the development of an expanding service sector in the city with its office space needs. It is already one of the main locations of Leipzig's large office complexes that have come about partially as a result of new buildings being built and partially as a result of reconstructing historical buildings. Residential buildings are also being built to a great extent and flats renovated at a high standard in the city centre. Since the Graphic District was not especially promoted either as a select commercial area or as a "model area" of the city, it has primarily been groups of private economic protagonists who have had an essential influence upon its development. We can also observe a varying process of occupying office space over a staggered period of time, whereby the amount of empty space is somewhat high. Furthermore, enterpriseorientated service suppliers utilise the benefits of this location, the fact that it is favourable to traffic and the historical or newly formed image of the district. In conclusion, we will make a critical evaluation of the Graphic District location from our studies as an office and business site for individual sectors from the point of view of the group of protagonists from commercial, trade and service suppliers and view for the future development

Dimensional Tolerances for Additive Manufacturing: Experimental Investigation for Fused Deposition Modeling

AbstractAdditive manufacturing creates parts in layers without using formative tools. Compared to established manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing offers many advantages. However, only a few research institutions and technology-leading companies use additive manufacturing for end-use part production because relevant challenges have not been sufficiently researched yet. Missing restrictions become apparent in the available geometrical accuracy. The objective of this investigation was the experimental determination of dimensional tolerances using standard parameters. To this end, a methodical procedure was set up. Based on experimentally determined deviations, dimensional tolerances were derived

Biodiversity, mental health and well-being: psychological mechanisms and moderators of a complex relationship (BIOWELL)

Human activities and their consequences, such as environmental pollution, the exploitation of resources or deforestation, are major causes of biodiversity loss. However, humans depend on a biologically diverse and healthy environment in many ways, as it provides access to clean water, air and food. The loss of biodiversity is an ecological crisis that threatens human health, and ultimately their very existence. At the same time, there is an unwavering interest in the positive effects of "nature" on mental health. Although these examples point to a connection between biodiversity and health, little is known about the causal effects of different facets of biodiversity on mental health. Exploring these relationships and the underlying psychological mechanisms is a major goal of this project. We will build on the expertise of an interdisciplinary team involving scholars from psychology, biodiversity research, human geography, and behavioural economics and combine this expertise with a variety of methods, with a focus on quantitative research, experimental and intervention designs, and investigate participants from different age groups to understand the causal effects of different environments with varying degrees of biological diversity on mental health, and to identify the physical, social, and psychological boundary conditions of these causal effects

Integrating content and language learning in a Chinese-German double degree program. The example of mechanical engineering at the Chinese-German Technical Faculty (CDTF, Qingdao/Paderborn)

Denzer V, Didier A, Drumm S, et al. Integration von Sprach- und Fachlernen im Kontext chinesisch-deutscher Kooperationsstudiengänge am Beispiel des Maschinenbaustudiums an der Chinesisch-Deutschen Technischen Fakultät (CDTF, Qingdao/Paderborn). Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache. 2019;46(1):178-199.ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel des chinesisch-deutschen Kooperationsstudiengangs Maschinenbau an der Chinesisch-Deutschen Technischen Fakultät in Qingdao (China) werden unter Rückgriff auf unterschiedliche im Rahmen formativer Evaluation erhobener Datensätze Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Integration von Fach- und Sprachlernen sowie Optimierungsmöglichkeiten der Unterstützung des studienvorbereitenden und -begleitenden (Fach-)Spracherwerbs diskutiert.</jats:p

Gangliosides of myelosupportive stroma cells are transferred to myeloid progenitors and are required for their survival and proliferation

In previous studies, we have shown that the myelopoiesis dependent upon myelosupportive stroma required production of growth factors and heparan-sulphate proteoglycans, as well as generation of a negatively charged sialidase-sensitive intercellular environment between the stroma and the myeloid progenitors. In the present study, we have investigated the production, distribution and role of gangliosides in an experimental model of in vitro myelopoiesis dependent upon AFT-024 murine liver-derived stroma. We used the FDC-P1 cell line, which is dependent upon GM-CSF (granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor) for both survival and proliferation, as a reporter system to monitor bioavailability and local activity of GM-CSF. G(M3) was the major ganglioside produced by stroma, but not by myeloid cells, and it was required for optimal stroma myelosupportive function. It was released into the supernatant and selectively incorporated into the myeloid progenitor cells, where it segregated into rafts in which it co-localized with the GM-CSF-receptor α chain. This ganglioside was also metabolized further by myeloid cells into gangliosides of the a and b series, similar to endogenous G(M3). In these cells, G(M1) was the major ganglioside and it was segregated at the interface by stroma and myeloid cells, partially co-localizing with the GM-CSF-receptor α chain. We conclude that myelosupportive stroma cells produce and secrete the required growth factors, the cofactors such as heparan sulphate proteoglycans, and also supply gangliosides that are transferred from stroma to target cells, generating on the latter ones specific membrane domains with molecular complexes that include growth factor receptors

Hypothalamic-Pituitary and Other Endocrine Surveillance Among Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Endocrine disorders in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers are associated with substantial adverse physical and psychosocial effects. To improve appropriate and timely endocrine screening and referral to a specialist, the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) aims to develop evidence and expert consensus-based guidelines for healthcare providers that harmonize recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors. Existing IGHG surveillance recommendations for premature ovarian insufficiency, gonadotoxicity in males, fertility preservation, and thyroid cancer are summarized. For hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction, new surveillance recommendations were formulated by a guideline panel consisting of 42 interdisciplinary international experts. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed) for clinically relevant questions concerning HP dysfunction. Literature was screened for eligibility. Recommendations were formulated by drawing conclusions from quality assessment of all evidence, considering the potential benefits of early detection and appropriate management. Healthcare providers should be aware that CAYA cancer survivors have an increased risk for endocrine disorders, including HP dysfunction. Regular surveillance with clinical history, anthropomorphic measures, physical examination, and laboratory measurements is recommended in at-risk survivors. When endocrine disorders are suspected, healthcare providers should proceed with timely referrals to specialized services. These international evidence-based recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors inform healthcare providers and highlight the need for long-term endocrine follow-up care in subgroups of survivors and elucidate opportunities for further research

Hypothalamic-Pituitary and Other Endocrine Surveillance Among Childhood Cancer Survivors

Endocrine disorders in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers are associated with substantial adverse physical and psychosocial effects. To improve appropriate and timely endocrine screening and referral to a specialist, the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) aims to develop evidence and expert consensus-based guidelines for healthcare providers that harmonize recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors. Existing IGHG surveillance recommendations for premature ovarian insufficiency, gonadotoxicity in males, fertility preservation, and thyroid cancer are summarized. For hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction, new surveillance recommendations were formulated by a guideline panel consisting of 42 interdisciplinary international experts. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed) for clinically relevant questions concerning HP dysfunction. Literature was screened for eligibility. Recommendations were formulated by drawing conclusions from quality assessment of all evidence, considering the potential benefits of early detection and appropriate management. Healthcare providers should be aware that CAYA cancer survivors have an increased risk for endocrine disorders, including HP dysfunction. Regular surveillance with clinical history, anthropomorphic measures, physical examination, and laboratory measurements is recommended in at-risk survivors. When endocrine disorders are suspected, healthcare providers should proceed with timely referrals to specialized services. These international evidence-based recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors inform healthcare providers and highlight the need for long-term endocrine follow-up care in subgroups of survivors and elucidate opportunities for further research