La representación espacial en el segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil

A lo largo del presente trabajo se pretende mostrar la importancia del tratamiento de la Representación Espacial en el niño y, más concretamente, en el segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil. Para ello se ha realizado un trabajo de investigación que ocupa las dos primeras partes del documento. La primera, fundamenta a nivel teórico los conceptos matemáticos y las características psicoevolutivas que intervienen en la Representación Espacial en esta etapa educativa. La segunda, la fundamenta a nivel curricular revisando el currículo general y el específico en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León y en la Comunidad de Madrid. La última parte del trabajo ha consistido en la aplicación de tres actividades que pretenden mostrar de forma práctica la evolución en la adquisición de la Representación Espacial a lo largo de esta etapa educativa.Grado en Educación Infanti

Spatiotemporal effects of Hurricane Ivan on an endemic epiphytic orchid: 10 years of follow-up

Background: Hurricanes have a strong influence on the ecological dynamics and structure of tropical forests. Orchid populations are especially vulnerable to these perturbations due to their canopy exposure and lack of underground storage organs and seed banks. Aims: We evaluated the effects of Hurricane Ivan on the population of the endemic epiphytic orchid Encyclia bocourtii to propose a management strategy. Methods: Using a pre- and post-hurricane dataset (2003–2013), we assessed the population asymptotic and transient dynamics. We also identified the individual size-stages that maximise population inertia and E. bocourtii’s spatial arrangement relative to phorophytes and other epiphytes. Results: Hurricane Ivan severely affected the survival and growth of individuals of E. bocourtii, and caused an immediate decline of the population growth rate from λ = 1.05 to λ = 0.32, which was buffered by a population reactivity of ρ1 = 1.42. Our stochastic model predicted an annual population decrease of 14%. We found an aggregated spatial pattern between E. bocourtii and its host trees, and a random pattern relative to other epiphytes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that E. bocourtii is not safe from local extinction. We propose the propagation and reintroduction of reproductive specimens, the relocation of surviving individuals, and the establishment of new plantations of phorophytes.This work was supported by the Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology under Grant [CICYT-Spain, Project CGL2015-69985-R]; and the Havana Project of the University of Alicante

La era de la transformación digital de las organizaciones y su impacto en la competitividad

En un esfuerzo desarrollado por distintos autores y grupos de investigación para explorar diversos aspectos asociados al nuevo contexto que plantean la era digital, el termino cuarta revolución industrial o revolución 4.0 ha empezado a ser utilizado con frecuencia para denominar un proceso que tal como menciona Klaus Schwab (2016) se diferencia de la tercera revolución industrial o revolución digital iniciada en los años 80 del siglo XX, por tres elementos: velocidad (crecimiento exponencial), amplitud y profundidad (no solo está cambiando el qué y el cómo, sino también el quiénes) y el impacto en los sistemas (transformación en los sistemas productivos, sociales, empresariales). Para la academia es un reto comprender de manera acertada las transformaciones que se plantean en distintos escenarios como resultado del proceso en mención, con el objetivo de realizar aportes conceptuales, teóricos y prácticos útiles para los distintos actores interesados en identificar oportunidades y prever los desafíos de la revolución 4.0. Este libro recoge el resultado de dichas investigaciones. Debido a la riqueza y variedad en las temáticas, estos trabajos se pueden agrupar en cuatro grandes áreas: aportes académicos y al conocimiento; nuevas tecnologías; competitividad, y tendencias del mercadeo. (apartes del texto)Contiene: Capítulo 1. Gestión tecnológica: Fundamentos teóricos que facilitan su desarrollo y la medición en la empresa / Yiset Lorena Alvarado Peña, Melva Inés Gómez Caicedo -- Capítulo 2. Innovación, tecnológica robótica e inteligencia artificial marcan la educación y a los profesiones del futuro / Luz Eneida Moreno -- Capítulo 3. Brecha entre la industria y la academia / Iván Darío Ladino Vega, Jairo Ignacio Rodríguez Osorno, Walder de Jesús Casanova García -- Capítulo 4. Un chatbot como herramienta de apoyo al reclutamiento de personal en las empresas / Cecilia Ávila, Nicolas Vaca, Yeimy Roa -- Capítulo 5. Predicción de la satisfacción de los clientes de restaurantes mediante inteligencia artificial (IA) / Teresa Amanda Chávez de Menesses, María Andreína Moros Ochoa, Jenny-Paola Lis-Gutiérrez, Gilmer Yovanni Castro Nieto, Cristhian Salinas-Ortegón -- Capítulo 6. Determinantes de la competitividad en Colombia: ¿De las exportaciones tradicionales de commodities a bienes manufacturados? / Irma Liliana Vásquez Merchán -- Capítulo 7. Las redes sociales en la promoción de destinos de bienestar, una mirada al termalismo / Julia Rodas Quintero, Sandra Patricia Cote Daza, Jesús Alexis Barón Chivara -- Capítulo 8. Derechos de autor en el escenario de la revolución 4.0: ¿Cuánto saben los bogotanos? / Cristhian Salinas Ortegón, Jenny Paola Lis Gutiérrez, Mercedes Gaitán Angulo, Teresa Amanda Chávez de Menesses -- Capítulo 9. Sistema experto basado en reglas para la selección, evaluación y diagnóstico de iniciativas de innovación social (IS) / Jenny Cubillos Díaz, Anderson Quintero, Jenny Paola Lis Gutiérrez -- Capítulo 10. Identificación de los factores que inciden en las proyecciones financieras de las organizaciones floricultoras de Cundinamarca / Vladimir Camacho Cuineme -- Capítulo 11. Desempeño en servicios intensivos en conocimiento: un análisis de su comportamiento en países latinoamericanos / Diana Geraldine Jiménez García, Oscar Fernando Castellanos Domínguez.Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadore

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Desafíos actuales de la educación superior

El presente libro corresponde al trabajo investigativo realizado por sus autores frente a los desafíos que enfrenta y enfrentará la educación en tiempos actuales (provisional)

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

La representación espacial en el segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónResumen y palabras clave disponibles en español y en inglésSe pretende mostrar la importancia del tratamiento de la representación espacial en el segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil. Para ello, se ha realizado un trabajo de investigación en el que se fundamenta a nivel teórico los conceptos matemáticos y las características psicoevolutivas que intervienen en la representación espacial en esta etapa educativa. A su vez, se fundamenta la representación espacial a nivel curricular, revisando el currículo general y el específico de Castilla y León y de la Comunidad de Madrid. Por último, se incluyen tres actividades que pretenden mostrar de forma práctica la evolución en la adquisición de la representación espacial en Educación Infantil.Castilla y LeónES