ASSIMILAÇÃO DE PUÉRPERAS SOBRE PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS EM ALEITAMENTO MATERNO DURANTE O PRÉ-NATAL: ASSIMILATION BY PUERPERAL

Objective: to understand the content assimilated by postpartum women in educational activities during prenatal care. Method: exploratory study, qualitative in nature, using Iramuteq for processing and the Collective Subject Discourse for analysis of interviews with 19 postpartum women in rooming-in at a public hospital. Results: postpartum women were on average 26 years old, 61.3% said they did not work, 59% attended prenatal care in the public service, 58% progressed to natural childbirth and all participants said they wanted to breastfeed. In the similarity tree, the term “baby” concentrated the block with the greatest connection. In the Word Cloud, the terms “only”, “knowing” and “speaking” were central. Conclusion: discourses related to professional guidance in prenatal health actions prevailed, highlighting the benefits to children, acquired through traditional education, without, however, emphasizing benefits for women.Objetivo: comprender el contenido asimilado por las puérperas en las actividades educativas durante la atención prenatal. Método: estudio exploratorio de carácter cualitativo, utilizando Iramuteq para el procesamiento y el Discurso Colectivo del Sujeto para analizar las entrevistas de 19 puérperas en régimen de alojamiento conjunto en un hospital público. Resultados: las puérperas tenían en promedio 26 años, 61,3% dijeron que no trabajaban, 59% asistieron a atención prenatal en el servicio público, 58% progresaron a parto natural y todas las participantes dijeron que querían amamantar. En el árbol de similitudes, el término “bebé” concentró el bloque con mayor conexión. En la nube de palabras, los términos "sólo", "saber" y "hablar" eran centrales. Conclusión: prevalecieron los discursos relacionados con la orientación profesional en las acciones de salud prenatal, destacando los beneficios para los niños, adquiridos a través de la educación tradicional, sin, sin embargo, enfatizar los beneficios para las mujeres.Objetivo: compreender o conteúdo assimilado por puérperas nas atividades educativas durante a assistência pré-natal. Método: estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 19 puérperas em alojamento conjunto de hospital público. Os dados foram processados pelo software IRAMUTEQ e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: as puérperas tinham em média 26 anos, 47% referiram raça/cor parda, 61,3% afirmaram não trabalhar, 59% realizaram acompanhamento ao pré-natal no serviço público, 58% evoluíram para parto natural e todas afirmaram o desejo de amamentar. Na Árvore de Similitude, o termo “bebê” concentrou o bloco com maior conexão. Na Nuvem de Palavras, os termos “só”, “saber” e “falar” apresentaram centralidade. Considerações finais: o discurso coletivo das mulheres entrevistadas apontou a predominância de informações fornecidas no pré-natal sobre os benefícios da amamentação para o lactente, a escassez de atividades de educação em saúde na atenção às gestantes e a reprodução do modelo tradicional de educação.Descritores: Aleitamento Materno. Cuidado Pré-Natal. Saúde da Mulher. Educação em Saúde. Enfermagem

Preliminary data of antioxidant activity of green seaweeds (Ulvophyceae) from the Southwestern Atlantic and Antarctic Maritime islands

Background. Seaweeds must survive in highly competitive environments and thus develop defense strategies that may produce highly diversified antioxidant compounds. Goals. The main objective of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of green seaweeds. Methods. Six species of ulvophycean chlorophytes were collected during spring/ summer, between the Antarctic (Monostroma hariotii, Protomonostroma rosulatum and Ulva hookeriana formerly as U. bulbosa) and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Gayralia brasiliensis, Protomonostroma undulatum and Ulvafasciata). They were then tested for their antioxidant activities using the 2.2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and by quantification of their phenolic (expressed as gallic acid equivalent GAE and carotenoid contents. Results. Among the evaluated species, P. rosulatum and U. hookeriana showed high antioxidant potential (77.9±2.8 and 53.1±15.0%, respectively) and high phenolic content (176±6.0 and 144.7±8.9 ?g GAE g-1, respectively). These species were collected on King George Island (South Shetland archipelago, around the Antarctic Peninsula) and their higher antioxidant potential may be associated with adaptation to the high incidence of UV rays in this region during summer. In general, tested seaweeds, mainly the samples collected in the Antarctic and Chilean Patagonia, showed higher values of phenolic (from 58.3±2.0 to 144.7±8.9 ?g GAE g-1) and carotenoid contents (from 23.4±0.2 to 51.5±0.1 ?g ?-carotene g-1). Conclusions. The presence and levels of these compounds suggest that the target seaweeds may have high antioxidant potential. Also the antioxidant activity could be associated with the occurrence area of the species instead of the order or taxonomic group to which they belong

Combination of Melatonin and Metformin Hydrochloride for Treatment Polycystic Ovarian in Female Rats

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disorder, results in menstrual abnormalities, androgynism and infertility. In the case of women or others animals with PCOS wishing to treat infertility with the aim of becoming pregnant, the most commonly used is metformin hydrochloride. Recent studies have analyzed the combination of metformin hydrochloride with melatonin in oncological treatment but not to treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin in the treatment of PCOS to improve the fertility of rats and your hormonal alterations.Materials, Methods & Results: This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of Federal Rural of Pernambuco (Permit Number: 23081.009130/2010). A total of 50 albino Wistar rats were used. The animal laboratory of an academic research environment, were randomly separated into five groups consisting of 10 females each. After inducing PCOS, the rats were treated with metformin hydrochloride, and/or melatonin, and the results compared with standard and ultrasound confirmed. The physiological similarities were confirmed by our academic researchers morphological science, and published to the association results of effects syndrome induction through constant lighting in reputable magazine recently. This article was analyzed histological of the implantation sites and ovaries, and the estradiol and progesterone levels on the seventh day of gestation, and the other rats for monitoring pregnancy and morphological identification of possible fetal abnormalities, weight measurement and quantification of offspring. The rats were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of ketamine hydrochloride (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (6 mg/kg) to allow analysis of the reproductive organs. Main outcome measures: The study included histopathology, histochemical and quantitative (of the implantation sites) tests, ultrasound analysis, weight benchmarking and ovarian histology tests, as well as comparison of serum estradiol and progesterone levels, and the morphological assessment of offspring. Results paper shows pharmacological treatment reduced the time needed for pregnancy, increased the plasma progesterone levels, the number and weight of offspring, and reduced plasma estrogen levels and collagen fiber grade, improving blastocyst-endometrium interaction and fetal development.Discussion: Our team of researchers confirmed in a previous paper; in addition, the main experimental model used in research about PCOS in recent years, and considered appropriate combination of the drugs caused a physiological reaction similar to responses identified in healthy rats without induction of the POS control group. However, the clinical and physiological effectiveness of the combination should be further explored, especially with respect to the possible side effects on offspring. The treatment with a combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin was more effective against hormonal alterations produced by PCOS, allowing a normalization of biochemical parameters during pregnancy, than monotherapeutic treatment with these drugs. In conclusion, proposed drug combination is a viable option to treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and improved fetal development. This article allows suggest that further research should be conducted to examine effects associated with these drugs in the treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system experimentally. Only such treatment later in animals and humans suggest

Improvement of the unspecified external causes classification based on the investigation of death in Brazil in 2017

Introdução: Causas inespecíficas de mortalidade estão entre os indicadores tradicionais de qualidade da informação. Objetivo: Verificar o desempenho das 60 cidades do projeto Dados para a Saúde e analisar a reclassificação das causas externas inespecíficas de mortalidade (CEI). Métodos: A partir de registros de 2017 do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, comparou-se proporções e variações percentuais após investigação das CEI, entre cidades do projeto e demais cidades, e calculou-se percentual de reclassificação para causas específicas. Resultados: As cidades do projeto concentraram 52% (n = 11.759) das CEI do Brasil, das quais 64,5% foram reclassificadas após investigação, enquanto as demais cidades reclassificaram 31%. Resultados foram semelhantes para homens, jovens, negros, cidades metropolitanas, região Sudeste, e em eventos atestados por institutos forenses. Nas cidades do projeto, acidentes de pedestres foram causas com maior reclassificação. Em homens, as CEI migraram para homicídios (23,8%) e acidentes de transporte terrestre (ATT) (11,1%), com destaque para motociclistas (4,4%) e pedestres (4,3%). Em mulheres, essas causas foram alteradas para outras causas acidentais (20,8%), ATT (10,6%) e homicídios (7,9%). CEI migraram para ATT (18,3%) no grupo de idade de 0 a 14 anos, e homicídios (32,5%) no grupo de 15 a 44 anos. Conclusão: As cidades do projeto obtiveram melhores resultados após investigação de CEI, possibilitando analisar a reclassificação para causas específicas, por sexo e faixas etárias.Background: Unspecified causes of death are among the traditional indicators of quality of information. Objective: To verify the performance of the 60 cities in the Data for Health Initiative project and to analyze the reclassification of unspecified external causes of death (UEC). Methods: Using the 2017 records from the Mortality Information System, the proportion and percent change in UEC were compared after investigation between project cities and other cities, and the percent of reclassification to specific external causes was calculated. Results: The project cities comprised 52% (n = 11,759) of the total UEC in Brazil, of which 64.5% were reclassified after investigation, whereas the other cities reclassified 31% of UEC. Results were similar for men, youth, blacks, metropolitan cities, the Southeast region, and deaths attested by forensic institutes. In the project cities, pedestrian traffic accidents were external causes with greater reclassification. In men, the UEC was reclassified to homicides (23.8%) and accident of terrestrial transportation (ATT) (11.1%), with motorcyclists (4.4%) and pedestrians (4.3%) being the most prominent. In women, these causes were changed to other accident causes (20.8%), ATT (10.6%) and homicides (7.9%). UEC changed to ATT (18.3%) in the age groups of 0-14 years old and to homicides (32.5%) in the age groups of 15-44 years. Conclusion: The project cities obtained better results after investigation of UEC, enabling analysis of the reclassification to specific causes by sex and age groups

A Importância De Uma Capacitação Sobre Incontinência Urinária Para Integrantes De Um Projeto De Extensão / The Importance of Urinary Incontinence Training for Extension Project Members

A enfermagem é a ciência do cuidado, possui diversas áreas de atuação, tendo destaque a Estomaterapia, área exclusiva do enfermeiro, que atua em três eixos: feridas, estomias e incontinência urinária (IU). A IU consiste na perda involuntária de urinária com alta prevalência no mundo, afetando desde os aspectos psíquicos aos emocionais. Porém, os profissionais ainda possuem um déficit no conhecimento acerca da IU, sendo necessário, desse modo, capacitações visando qualificar os enfermeiros desde a graduação para atuarem frente a prevenção até o tratamento da disfunção. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo é relatar a experiência, na visão do docente, da importância de capacitações sobre IU para estudantes de graduação de enfermagem integrantes de um projeto de extensão de Estomaterapia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência realizado em junho de 2019 com acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior integrantes de um projeto de extensão em Estomaterapia, com aula presencial de caráter teórico sobre IU. Como resultados, teve uma significativa percepção do aumento do conhecimento sobre a disfunção, também foi notório, através dos questionamentos, o déficit no assunto antes da capacitação. Além disso, a capacitação proporcionou uma troca de informações entre orador e ouvinte, melhorando o processo de ensino aprendizagem. Portanto, conclui-se que as capacitações são importantes para ampliação do conhecimento sobre IU na enfermagem, a fim de que os profissionais possam atuar desde a prevenção ao tratamento da doença.

Detection of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses, West Nile, Dengue, Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilheus, Bussuquara, and Yellow Fever in free-ranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) of Northeastern Argentina

Several medically important mosquito-borne flaviviruses have been detected in Argentina in recent years: Dengue (DENV), St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV), West Nile (WNV) and Yellow Fever (YFV) viruses. Evidence of Bussuquara virus (BSQV) and Ilheus virus (ILHV) activity were found, but they have not been associated with human disease. Non-human primates can act as important hosts in the natural cycle of flaviviruses and serological studies can lead to improved understanding of virus circulation dynamics and host susceptibility. From July–August 2010, we conducted serological and molecular surveys in free–ranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) captured in northeastern Argentina. We used 90% plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) to analyze 108 serum samples for antibodies to WNV, SLEV, YFV, DENV (serotypes 1and 3), ILHV, and BSQV. Virus genome detection was performed using generic reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR to identify flaviviruses in 51 antibody-negative animals. Seventy animals had antibodies for one or more flaviviruses for a total antibody prevalence of 64.8% (70/108). Monotypic (13/70, 19%) and heterotypic (27/70, 39%) patterns were differentiated. Specific neutralizing antibodies against WNV, SLEV, DENV-1, DENV-3, ILHV, and BSQV were found. Unexpectedly, the highest flavivirus antibody prevalence detected was to WNV with 9 (8.33%) monotypic responses. All samples tested by (RT)-nested PCR were negative for viral genome. This is the first detection of WNV-specific antibodies in black howlers from Argentina and the first report in free-ranging non-human primates from Latin-American countries. Given that no animals had specific neutralizing antibodies to YFV, our results suggest that the study population remains susceptible to YFV. Monitoring of these agents should be strengthened to detect the establishment of sylvatic cycles of flaviviruses in America and evaluate risks to wildlife and human health.Fil: Morales, Maria Alejandra. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Fabbri, Cintia M.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, Gabriel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto del Conurbano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Luppo, Victoria C.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Enría, Delia A.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Levis, Silvana C.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Gladys Ethel. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentin

Taxonomic and Functional Microbial Signatures of the Endemic Marine Sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis

The endemic marine sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) is a known source of secondary metabolites such as arenosclerins A-C. In the present study, we established the composition of the A. brasiliensis microbiome and the metabolic pathways associated with this community. We used 454 shotgun pyrosequencing to generate approximately 640,000 high-quality sponge-derived sequences (∼150 Mb). Clustering analysis including sponge, seawater and twenty-three other metagenomes derived from marine animal microbiomes shows that A. brasiliensis contains a specific microbiome. Fourteen bacterial phyla (including Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Cloroflexi) were consistently found in the A. brasiliensis metagenomes. The A. brasiliensis microbiome is enriched for Betaproteobacteria (e.g., Burkholderia) and Gammaproteobacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas and Alteromonas) compared with the surrounding planktonic microbial communities. Functional analysis based on Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) indicated that the A. brasiliensis microbiome is enriched for sequences associated with membrane transport and one-carbon metabolism. In addition, there was an overrepresentation of sequences associated with aerobic and anaerobic metabolism as well as the synthesis and degradation of secondary metabolites. This study represents the first analysis of sponge-associated microbial communities via shotgun pyrosequencing, a strategy commonly applied in similar analyses in other marine invertebrate hosts, such as corals and algae. We demonstrate that A. brasiliensis has a unique microbiome that is distinct from that of the surrounding planktonic microbes and from other marine organisms, indicating a species-specific microbiome

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio