21 research outputs found
Brain-Inspired Hyperdimensional Computing: How Thermal-Friendly for Edge Computing?
Brain-inspired hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging machine
learning (ML) methods. It is based on large vectors of binary or bipolar
symbols and a few simple mathematical operations. The promise of HDC is a
highly efficient implementation for embedded systems like wearables. While fast
implementations have been presented, other constraints have not been considered
for edge computing. In this work, we aim at answering how thermal-friendly HDC
for edge computing is. Devices like smartwatches, smart glasses, or even mobile
systems have a restrictive cooling budget due to their limited volume. Although
HDC operations are simple, the vectors are large, resulting in a high number of
CPU operations and thus a heavy load on the entire system potentially causing
temperature violations. In this work, the impact of HDC on the chip's
temperature is investigated for the first time. We measure the temperature and
power consumption of a commercial embedded system and compare HDC with
conventional CNN. We reveal that HDC causes up to 6.8{\deg}C higher
temperatures and leads to up to 47% more CPU throttling. Even when both HDC and
CNN aim for the same throughput (i.e., perform a similar number of
classifications per second), HDC still causes higher on-chip temperatures due
to the larger power consumption.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Surgical outcomes of robotic thyroidectomy vs. conventional open thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe origin recognition complex interacts with multiple AT-rich regions of the replication origin DNA by means of the AT-hook domains of the spOrc4 protein
The interaction between an origin sequence and the origin recognition complex (ORC), which is highly conserved in eukaryotes, is critical for the initiation of DNA replication. In this report, we have examined the interaction between the Schizosaccharomyces pombe (sp) autonomously replicating sequence 1 (ars1) and the spORC. For this purpose, we have purified the spORC containing all six subunits, a six-subunit complex containing the N-terminal-deleted spOrc4 subunit (spORC(ΔN-Orc4)), and the spOrc4 subunit by using the baculovirus expression system. Wild-type spORC showed sequence-specific binding to ars1, and the spOrc4 protein alone showed the same DNA-binding properties as wild-type spORC. In contrast, the spORC(ΔN-Orc4) and the ΔN-spOrc4p alone did not bind significantly to ars1. These findings indicate that the N-terminal domain of the spOrc4 protein that contains multiple AT-hook motifs is essential for the ars1-binding activity. DNA-binding competition assays with fragments of ars1 and DNase I footprinting studies with full-length ars1 revealed that the spORC interacted with several AT-rich sequence regions of ars1. These DNA-binding properties of spORC correlate with the previously determined sequence requirements of the S. pombe ars1. These studies indicate that because of its unique Orc4 subunit, S. pombe uses a mechanism to recognize its origins different from that used by Saccharomyces cerevisiae