Experiencias en el aula: segundo encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras

Experiencias de profesores en su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia.La segunda entrega de Experiencias en el aula es una publicación anual que recoge las ponencias ganadoras presentadas en el Segundo Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras, organizado por el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou, de la Vicerrectoría General Académica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO Todas las ponencias publicadas en la segunda entrega de Experiencias en el aula fueron seleccionadas por evaluadores externos durante la convocatoria al Segundo Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras en el que fueron presentadas; este evento, organizado por el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou, y la Vicerrectoría General Académica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios- UNIMINUTO, tuvo lugar los días 9 y 10 de octubre de 2017

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Plan de responsabilidad social empresarial Carboexco C.I LTDA.

Como aplicación práctica se llevó a cabo la construcción del Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el Código de Conducta para una empresa regional elegida en concenso, para lo cual se aplica el modelo gerencial por competitividad; para ello se describe en detalle a los interesados (stakeholders) y se detalla en la matriz de realciones la influencia y el impacto entre ellos y la empresa. Adicionalmente, se construye el plan de comunicaciones donde se detalla la frecuencia y el medio a utilizar para su difusión y finalmente se recomienda el modelo de informe de gestión que mejor se ajusta al plan de responsabilidad social. Todo lo anterior hace parte del diplomado de Profundización en Gerencia Estratégica y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como requisito de formación final para obtener el título de Administradores de Empresas en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia Colombia – UNAD.1-60As a practical application, the construction of the Corporate Social Responsibility Plan and the Code of Conduct for a regional company elected in consensus was carried out, for which the management model for competitiveness is applied; For this purpose, the interested parties (stakeholders) are described in detail and the influence and impact between them and the company is detailed in the matrix of realizations. Additionally, the communications plan is constructed, detailing the frequency and means to be used for dissemination, and finally, the management report model that best fits the social responsibility plan is recommended. All of the above is part of the Diploma in Proficiency in Strategic Management and Corporate Social Responsibility as a requirement for final training to obtain the title of Business Administrators at the National Open and Distance University of Colombia - UNAD

RespiratorycareinCovid-19

Antecedentes: El COVID-19 forma parte de la familia de los virus conocida como Coronaviridae. El nuevo patógeno -coronavirus del subgénero Sarbecovirus se denominó inicialmente como el nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV); fue identificado en un brote de neumonía en Wuhan. Los pacientes desarrollan alteraciones en el sistema respiratorio, pudiendo llegar a padecer neumonía severa, edema pulmonar o síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda. Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia científica disponible relacionada con el cuidado del sistema respiratorio, estableciendo pautas generales de tratamiento. Métodos: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Se realizó una búsqueda, selección y revisión de artículos originales y secundarios escritos en inglés o espa˜nol, en las diferentes bases de datos: NCBI, CENTRAL, MEDLINE y EMBASE, publicados hasta marzo del 2020. Resultados: No se ha definido un tratamiento específico ante la nueva enfermedad, teniendo como principal medida terapéutica el control sintomático. Se recomienda utilizar elementos de bioseguridad: gafas, gorros, guantes, bata larga impermeable, tapabocas de alta eficiencia en personal sanitario (FFP2 o N95). En el paciente sintomático, utilizar tapabocas quirúrgico, jabón hospitalario, toallas de papel y alcohol al 70% o isopropílico. Utilizar oxígeno mediante sistemas de bajo flujo. En ventilación mecánica, programar modos VCP o VCV, Vt 4-6 ml/kg, Fr ≤ 35, FiO2 para PaO2 de 60 mmHg o SpO2 de 92-96%, PEEP 12-17 cmH2O, ventilación prono si PAFI ≤ 150 con una relación 16/8 o 18/6, óxido nítrico 5-20 ppm.Conclusiones: Usar equipos de bioseguridad con el fin de interrumpir la transmisión. En hipoxemia, utilizar sistemas de oxigenoterapia a bajo flujo. Usar estrategias de protección pulmonar, disminución de volúmenes corrientes, presiones de meseta y frecuencias respiratorias, implementación de valores de PEEP elevados, bajos valores de presión de conducción y ventilación en prono, los cuales han demostrado mejoraría en la hipoxemia y la sobrevida en pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda.Background: COVID-19 is part of the family of viruses known as Coronaviridae. The new pathogen -coronavirus of the subgenus Sarbecovirus was initially named as a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), identified in a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan. Patients developed alterations in the respiratory system leading to severe pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Objective: To review the available scientific evidence related to the care of the respiratory system in order to establish general treatment guidelines. Methods: Narrative review of the literature was carried out that included a search, selection, and review of original and secondary articles written in English or Spanish in the different databases: NCBI, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE published up to March 2020. Results: No specific treatment for the new disease has been defined, with symptomatic control as the main therapeutic measure. The use of biosecurity elements, such as goggles, hats, gloves, long waterproof aprons, high efficiency masks for healthcare personnel (FFP2 or N95) is recommended. In symptomatic patients use surgical masks, hospital soap, paper towels, and 70% alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. Use oxygen through low flow systems. A mechanical ventilation program in VCP or VCV modes, Vt 4-6 ml/Kg, Fr ≤ 35, FiO2 for PaO2 = 60 mmHg or SpO2 92-96%, PEEP 12-17 cmH2O, prone ventilation if PAFI ≤ 150 with ratio 16/8 or 18/6, nitric oxide 5-20 ppm. Conclusions: Use biosecurity equipment in order to prevent transmission. In hypoxaemia use low flow oxygen therapy systems. Use lung protection strategies, decrease in tidal volumes, plateau pressures and respiratory rates, plus implementation of high PEEP values, low conduction pressure values and prone ventilation. These have been shown to improve hypoxaemia and survival in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. © 2020 Asociaci´on Colombiana de Medicina Cr´ıtica y Cuidado lntensivo. Published by Elsevier Espa˜na, S.L.U. All rights reserved

Bullying a personas con trastornos de la comunicación integradas en establecimientos escolares: Rol de la Fonoaudiología y sus implicancias en la salud comunicativa

Bullying is a phenomenon defined as a form of intentional aggression that includes verbal, physical or psychological acts that occur in a relationship with other people in a repeated, systematic and sustained manner over time. Most of the studies focus on bullying and its consequences in the normal school population, however, there is little exploration of bullying that is the result of a communication disorder. This is why the work of speech therapists inserted in educational settings is not clear in explaining the guidelines for therapeutic actions that favor the prevention of this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to know the main conceptions that speech-language pathologists have about bullying in people with communication disorders at school age. With this objective, an investigation was carried out with quantitative and qualitative methods, mediated by surveys and in-depth interviews, respectively. It was found that more than 65% of bullying between people within educational establishments is related to children between 9 and 12 years of age with communication disorders. Regarding the self-perception of the speech-language pathology role in the issue of prevention and/or intervention in bullying issues, the concepts of favoring aspects of language and/or speech in children who have difficulty emerge, raising awareness of the actors involved, the reinforcement of self-esteem and interdisciplinary teamwork. Completing the analytical treatment of the interviews, it is established that speech therapy would play a fundamental role in addressing bullying in populations with communication disorders, being the professional who acts directly on communicative health.El bullying es un fenómeno definido como una forma de agresión intencional que incluye actos verbales, físicos o psicológicos que ocurren en una relación con otras personas de manera reiterada, sistemática y sostenida en el tiempo. La mayor parte de los estudios se concentran en el bullying y las consecuencias en población escolar normotípica, sin embargo, existe poca exploración en el bullying que es resultado de un trastorno comunicativo. Es por ello que la labor de los fonoaudiólogos insertos en ámbitos educativos no es clara en explicitar los lineamientos de acciones terapéuticas que favorezcan la prevención de este fenómeno. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer las principales concepciones que los fonoaudiólogos tienen sobre el bullying en personas con trastornos de la comunicación en edad escolar. Con este objetivo, se realizó una investigación con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, mediados por encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad respectivamente. Se encontró que más del 65% del bullying entre personas dentro de los establecimientos educacionales se relaciona con niños de entre 9 y 12 años de edad con trastornos de la comunicación. En cuanto a la autopercepción del rol fonoaudiológico en el tema de la prevención e/o intervención en temas de bullying, emergen los conceptos de favorecer los aspectos del lenguaje y/o del habla en los niños que tienen dificultad, la sensibilización de los actores involucrados, el  refuerzo del autoestima y el trabajo en equipo interdisciplinario.Finalizando el tratamiento analítico de las entrevistas, se establece que la Fonoaudiología cumpliría un papel fundamental en el abordaje del bullying en poblaciones con trastornos de la comunicación, siendo el profesional que actúa directamente sobre la salud comunicativa

Experiencias en el aula: segundo encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras

Experiencias de profesores en su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia.La segunda entrega de Experiencias en el aula es una publicación anual que recoge las ponencias ganadoras presentadas en el Segundo Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras, organizado por el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou, de la Vicerrectoría General Académica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO Todas las ponencias publicadas en la segunda entrega de Experiencias en el aula fueron seleccionadas por evaluadores externos durante la convocatoria al Segundo Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras en el que fueron presentadas; este evento, organizado por el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou, y la Vicerrectoría General Académica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios- UNIMINUTO, tuvo lugar los días 9 y 10 de octubre de 2017

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits: Experimental evidence from 84 countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates