10 research outputs found
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Diet of Urban and Rural Dwellers in Northern Nigeria
Over the last 30 years, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including
stroke and myocardial infarction, have increased in developing
countries. Serum lipids and diet of the Fulani, a rural Nigerian
population, were previously studied. Despite their consumption of a
diet rich in saturated fat, the overall blood lipid profiles of Fulani
men and women are generally favourable. However, Fulani males in the
same study had mean serum levels of homocysteine, an emerging risk
factor for CVD, that exceeded the upper limit of the homocysteine
reference range. The authors were interested in knowing if these
findings in the Fulani nomads were representative of the biochemical
parameters of CVD risk in other ethnic groups in the same region of
Nigeria. To address this question, the nutrient content of diets of 55
men, aged 20-75 years, and 77 women, aged 20-70 years, who were
inhabitants of a large urban centre in northern Nigeria, was assessed,
and their serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol,
HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and homocysteine were determined. These
data were compared with those of the same rural Fulani population
studied previously. Urban subjects consumed more calories than rural
subjects (men: 2,061 vs 1,691 kcal; women: 1,833 vs 1,505 kcal) and had
a significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) and percentage of
body fat than rural subjects. Both urban males and females had
carbohydrate intakes that were greater than those of Fulani
pastoralists (men: 56% vs 33% total calories; women: 51% vs 38% total
calories), but had a significantly lower dietary intake of total fat
and saturated fat (men: 36% vs 51% of total calories; women: 40% vs 51%
of total calories). With the exception of HDL-cholesterol levels, which
were significantly lower in the rural population, the blood lipid
profiles of rural subjects were more favourable compared to those of
urban subjects. Both urban and rural males had homocysteine levels
above the upper limit of the reference range for healthy adults (urban
males-12.7\u3bcmol/L; rural males-15.2 \u3bcmol/L). The dietary
intakes of folate and vitamin B12 were lower for rural Fulani subjects,
and this was reflected in their significantly lower serum
concentrations of these two vitamins. Results of this study suggest
that, although the lipid profiles of urban and rural men and women in
northern Nigeria indicate a relatively low risk for CVD, their elevated
serum homocysteine levels are a cause for concern. The high
homocysteine levels among rural men and women could be explained in
part at least by their marginal status with respect to folate and
vitamin B12
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Diet of Urban and Rural Dwellers in Northern Nigeria
Over the last 30 years, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including
stroke and myocardial infarction, have increased in developing
countries. Serum lipids and diet of the Fulani, a rural Nigerian
population, were previously studied. Despite their consumption of a
diet rich in saturated fat, the overall blood lipid profiles of Fulani
men and women are generally favourable. However, Fulani males in the
same study had mean serum levels of homocysteine, an emerging risk
factor for CVD, that exceeded the upper limit of the homocysteine
reference range. The authors were interested in knowing if these
findings in the Fulani nomads were representative of the biochemical
parameters of CVD risk in other ethnic groups in the same region of
Nigeria. To address this question, the nutrient content of diets of 55
men, aged 20-75 years, and 77 women, aged 20-70 years, who were
inhabitants of a large urban centre in northern Nigeria, was assessed,
and their serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol,
HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and homocysteine were determined. These
data were compared with those of the same rural Fulani population
studied previously. Urban subjects consumed more calories than rural
subjects (men: 2,061 vs 1,691 kcal; women: 1,833 vs 1,505 kcal) and had
a significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) and percentage of
body fat than rural subjects. Both urban males and females had
carbohydrate intakes that were greater than those of Fulani
pastoralists (men: 56% vs 33% total calories; women: 51% vs 38% total
calories), but had a significantly lower dietary intake of total fat
and saturated fat (men: 36% vs 51% of total calories; women: 40% vs 51%
of total calories). With the exception of HDL-cholesterol levels, which
were significantly lower in the rural population, the blood lipid
profiles of rural subjects were more favourable compared to those of
urban subjects. Both urban and rural males had homocysteine levels
above the upper limit of the reference range for healthy adults (urban
males-12.7ÎŒmol/L; rural males-15.2 ÎŒmol/L). The dietary
intakes of folate and vitamin B12 were lower for rural Fulani subjects,
and this was reflected in their significantly lower serum
concentrations of these two vitamins. Results of this study suggest
that, although the lipid profiles of urban and rural men and women in
northern Nigeria indicate a relatively low risk for CVD, their elevated
serum homocysteine levels are a cause for concern. The high
homocysteine levels among rural men and women could be explained in
part at least by their marginal status with respect to folate and
vitamin B12
Dutch influences on English literary culture in the early renaissance, 1470â1650
During the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Low Countries made a series of important contributions to English literature. Through such agents as the printers of Antwerp and Amsterdam, and the movements of Dutch scholars and Calvinist refugees, the Low Countries exerted a continuous impact on the literary culture of England. This article examines the scope of Dutch influence during the English Renaissance, indicates some of its key effects, and provides an overview of existing scholarship on the subject