Foreign direct investment - income growth for all?

The United Nations declared halving the number of poor people by 2015 as the first of their eight Millennium Development Goals. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often seen as one instrument towards this goal because of its ability to stimulate economic growth trickling down to the poor. Whereas many studies deal with those growth effects, little attention is paid to possible direct poverty reducing effects. Therefore, we first examine different theoretical direct and indirect ways through which FDI can affect the income of the poor. Wage effects and possible job-creating effects are considered. We find that they depend on the existing human capital and its distribution in society. Following Dollar and Kraay [2000] and Jalilian and Weiss [2001] this hypothesis is confirmed empirically with the use of cross-country regressions for a set of developing countries. In summary, this paper indicates that in developing countries with existing and equally distributed human capital FDI can help fighting poverty whereas in countries with little or very unequally distributed human capital FDI can raise poverty

From Getting By to Getting Ahead: Navigating Career Advancement for Low-Wage Workers

From just getting by at the end of each month to getting ahead is a hard climb for many low-wage workers. This report, from MDRC's Work Advancement and Support Center (WASC) demonstration, explores how WASC career coaches help low-wage workers understand the complex interactions between earnings and eligibility for work support programs and guide them to make the best advancement decisions possible

Toward Growth and Equality: A Framework for Monitoring Outcomes for Residents and Housing Markets in Camden and the South Jersey Region

This paper offers a framework for tracking the extent to which demographic, labor, and housing market conditions are moving in or out of alignment with a range of goals for redevelopment in Camden, New Jersey

Foreign Direct Investment: Income Growth for All?

The United Nations declared halving the number of poor people by 2015 as the first of their eight Millennium Development Goals. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often seen as one instrument towards this goal because of its ability to stimulate economic growth trickling down to the poor. Whereas many studies deal with those growth effects, little attention is paid to possible direct poverty reducing effects. Therefore, we first examine different theoretical direct and indirect ways through which FDI can affect the income of the poor. Wage effects and possible job-creating effects are considered. We find that they depend on the existing human capital and its distribution in society. Following Dollar and Kraay [2000] and Jalilian and Weiss [2001] this hypothesis is confirmed empirically with the use of cross-country regressions for a set of developing countries. In summary, this paper indicates that in developing countries with existing and equally distributed human capital FDI can help fighting poverty whereas in countries with little or very unequally distributed human capital FDI can raise poverty. --

Moving from Jobs to Careers: Engaging Low-Wage Workers in Career Advancement

The Work Advancement and Support Center (WASC) demonstration offers a new approach to helping low-wage and dislocated workers advance by increasing their wages or work hours, upgrading their skills, or finding better jobs. At the same time, these workers are encouraged to augment and stabilize their income by making the most of available work supports, such as food stamps, public health insurance, subsidized child care, and tax credits. This report presents preliminary information on the effectiveness of strategies that were used to attract people to the WASC program and engage them in services

The Double Bind of Redevelopment: Camden During Receivership

This working paper finds that successful redevelopment efforts in Camden, New Jersey, under state receivership were able to build on groups' existing capacities and their past work in neighborhoods, were marked by more effective participatory dynamics and the limited use of eminent domain, and benefited from good relationships with the State of New Jersey and with private-sector partners. It concludes that attempts to build public capacity to revitalize cities may need to be complemented by efforts to build civic capacity, or the ability to solve problems in coordination with major partners

Measurement of the inclusive and differential tt-channel single top quark production cross section at 13 TeV with the CMS experiment

A measurement of the inclusive and differential $t$-channel single top quark production cross section is performed in this thesis. The measurement uses 137 fb$^{-1}$ of data recorded at the CMS experiment at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Events are selected with exactly one muon or electron and two or three jets, of which at least one is identified as originating from a bottom quark. In the analysis an improved technique for reconstructing the top quark has been developed that makes use of a neural network in order to achieve a better description of the top quark\u27s kinematic variables. A multiclassification BDT is used to classify events into different process categories. The cross sections are extracted from a fit to the output distribution of the multiclassification BDT. The inclusive cross section of $t$-channel single top quark production was measured to be $\sigma_{\mathrm{t}} = 130 \pm 20 \, \mathrm{pb}$ and the cross section of top antiquark production to be $\sigma_{\mathrm{\bar{t}}} = 80 \pm 15 \, \mathrm{pb}$. The differential cross section measurement is performed via unfolding. The measured differential cross sections as a function of the top quark transverse momentum and rapidity agree with the predictions of the SM. Three angular variables, $\cos x, \cos y$, and $\cos z$, are defined in the top quark rest frame between the charged lepton from the top quark decay and three axes, which are defined based on the direction of the spectator quark and the beamline axis. The asymmetries in these distributions are measured to be: $A_{x}(\mathrm{t}+\mathrm{\bar{t}})=-0.07\pm0.09$, $A_{y}(\mathrm{t}+\mathrm{\bar{t}})=0.00\pm0.05$, and $A_{z}(t+\bar{t})=0.42\pm0.08$. The measured asymmetries are used to constraint the magnitude of possible right handed couplings between the top quark and the W boson

Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality revisited

? This paper discusses the impact of FDI on income inequality. ? The theoretical ways in which FDI might influence income inequality between countries as well as within a given country are discussed, with special attention also given to employment generation effects. ? Revisiting previous research we show that significant effects of FDI are hard to find in more recent work, with older studies showing mixed results. ? Re-estimating the prominent study of Tsai (1995) with newer data we augment it by allowing for FDI-influences on inequality by region, income level, and export focus. ? We find no overall impact of FDI on inequality. Also region and income differentiated estimations show no country group-specific impacts of FDI. Only in the export focusdifferentiated estimations we find some evidence of an inequality increasing impact of FDI in countries primarily exporting primary goods (without fuel). ? FDI thus do not have significant implications for income distribution in general. --

Welfare Time Limits: An Update on State Policies, Implementation, and Effects on Families

One of the most controversial features of the 1990s welfare reforms was the imposition of time limits on benefit receipt. This comprehensive review, written by The Lewin Group and MDRC, includes analyses of administrative data reported by states to the federal government, visits to several states, and a literature review

Analysis of economics of a TV broadcasting satellite for additional nationwide TV programs

The influence of a TV broadcasting satellite, transmitting four additional TV networks was analyzed. It is assumed that the cost of the satellite systems will be financed by the cable TV system operators. The additional TV programs increase income by attracting additional subscribers. Two economic models were established: (1) each local network is regarded as an independent economic unit with individual fees (cost price model) and (2) all networks are part of one public cable TV company with uniform fees (uniform price model). Assumptions are made for penetration as a function of subscription rates. Main results of the study are: the installation of a TV broadcasting satellite improves the economics of CTV-networks in both models; the overall coverage achievable by the uniform price model is significantly higher than that achievable by the cost price model