Prefabricated reinforced concrete hall

Bakalsk prce se zabv nvrhem jednotlivch nosnch prvk montovan©, elezobetonov©, vrobn­ haly v LankrounÄ. VpoÄet vnitn­ch sil byl proveden pomoc­ programu SCIA Engineer, vyu­vaj­c­ metodu koneÄnch prvk a vsledky byly ovÄeny ruÄn­m vpoÄtem silovou metodou. Pi nvrhu se postupovalo dle platnch evropskch norem ÄSN EN 1992-1-1 a ÄSN 73 1201. Vsledkem prce je nvrh vztue v prvc­ch a nvrh pepravn­ch chyt.This bachelor's thesis concerns with a design of particular load-bearing elements prefabricated, reinforced concrete, factory hall in Lankroun. Calculation of internal forces was accomplished in software SCIA Egineer which uses finite element method and was verified by manual calculation using the forces method. Design was made in accordance with applicable standarts. The result is design of reinforcement and design of transport handle.

Voltammetric tools for trace element speciation in fresh waters: methodologies, outcomes and future perspectives

Environmental context Trace elements are ubiquitous in natural waters where their levels are highly variable depending on natural factors and anthropogenic pollution. The chemical form of the element determines its behaviour in the environment and whether it is likely to pose a risk to environmental and human health. This paper focuses on elemental forms in freshwater systems: it reviews analytical methods, gathers available data, and assesses trends, needs and open issues in this field. Abstract Research in voltammetric speciation methods has been mainly driven by the research interests of the oceanographic scientific community and methods were subsequently adapted to freshwater conditions. Nonetheless, different processes, variability of geological, chemical, biological and ecological settings on the one side, and different human land and water uses on the other imply specific needs and a strong shift in concerns for inland waters in terms of investigated analytes. This review paper focuses on speciation of trace elements in freshwater by voltammetric techniques, giving information on and a critical assessment of the state of the art in this field. Methods determining covalently bound substituents, redox species and element forms differing in the nature of their complexed substituents were considered, according to the IUPAC definition of species. Three relevant topics are discussed: an overview of existing voltammetric speciation methods, with emphasis on practical features; current knowledge in the field of trace element speciation in freshwater bodies, organised by element and matrix; and future perspectives and needs for freshwater speciation studies. As a general outcome, a complete picture of trace element speciation in freshwater matrices is far from being achieve