Urbano Martínez, José Joaquín. Nueva estructura probatoria del proceso penal, Bogotá, ediciones jurídicas Andrés Morales, 2008, 70 páginas

Urbano Martínez, José Joaquín. Nueva estructura probatoria del proceso penal, Bogotá, ediciones jurídicas Andrés Morales, 2008, 70 páginasUrbano Martínez, José Joaquín. Nueva estructura probatoria del proceso penal, Bogotá, ediciones jurídicas Andrés Morales, 2008, 70 página

The logic of socialand governmentality in Foucault: an instrumental for politicalanalysis

RESUMEN: En los cursos dictados en el Collège de France a partir de 1978 Michel Foucault propuso una analítica de las formas de gobierno, que aunque no estaba completamente ausente de sus trabajos anteriores, si se veía opacada por el protagonismo dado a los análisis disciplinarios. Esta analítica de las formas de gobierno consiste en mostrar cómo se construyen estrategias y racionalidades de gobierno a partir de la gestión y modulación de los procesos innatos a los individuos y los grupos gobernados. Ya no se trata de entender el poder como una fuerza externa que se opone a los individuos y que opera reprimiéndolos o suprimiéndolos, sino como una estrategia que opera promoviendo procesos naturales a partir de los cuales los sujetos constituyen su identidad.ABSTRACT: In the courses given by Foucault in the College de France since 1978, he proposed an analysis of governmentality which, although it was not completely absent in previous works, it did seem unseen due to protagonist disciplinary analysis. Such analysis of Governmentality consists of showing how strategies and rationalities of the government are built from the management and modulation of processes innate to governed individuals and groups. It is not then about understanding the power as an external force against individuals by reprehending and eliminating them; it is about understanding it as a strategy promoting natural processes so that subjects built up their identity

Criminal law for enemies. A look to the law and to the war

RESUMEN: El presente artículo intenta poner de presente una concepción de lo social que parte de la guerra como motor y fundamento de la organización jurídica y política. A diferencia de la tradición contractual que concibe la existencia del Estado y el derecho desde la superación de la guerra y el estado de naturaleza, Foucault presenta elementos teóricos, retomados en este texto y denominados perspectiva bélica, para comprender algunos fenómenos sociales imbuidos en la lógica de la guerra.La utilidad de la perspectiva bélica desarrollada por Foucault será puesta de presente en el análisis de una teorización y práctica actualmente denominada “derecho penal de enemigos” y que muestra como ninguna otra la lógica de la guerra que anima al Estado y su derecho. El derecho penal de enemigos será abordado a partir del desarrollo de tres elementos fundantes: i) la seguridad cognitiva; ii) la forma como se individualiza al enemigo; y iii) los argumentos usados para legitimar la existencia del derecho penal de enemigos concebido como “la regulación jurídica de la exclusión”ABSTRACT: This article tries to present a conception of the social aspect that begins from the war as motor and base of the political and legal organization. As opposed to the contractual tradition which conceives the existence of the State and the Law since the beating of the war and the state of nature, Foucault presents theoretical elements, taken up again in this text and called military perspective, to understand some social phenomena instilled in the logic of the war.The utility of the military perspective developed by Foucault will be shown in the analysis of a theorizing and a practice so called “criminal law for enemies” which exhibits as no other the logic of the war that encourages the State and its law. The criminal law for enemies will be undertaken from the development of three basis elements: i) the cognitive security; ii) the way how the enemy is individualize; and iii) the arguments used to legitimize the existence of criminal law for enemies conceived as “the legal regulation of the exclusion”

La lógica de lo social y el arte de gobernar en Foucault: una caja de herramientas para el análisis político

In the courses given by Foucault in the College de France since 1978, he proposed an analysis of governmentality which, although it was not completely absent in previous works, it did seem unseen due to protagonist disciplinary analysis. Such analysis of Governmentality consists of showing how strategies and rationalities of the government are built from the management and modulation of processes innate to governed individuals and groups. It is not then about understanding the power as an external force against individuals by reprehending and eliminating them; it is about understanding it as a strategy promoting natural processes so that subjects built up their identity.En los cursos dictados en el Collège de France a partir de 1978 Michel Foucault propuso una analítica de las formas de gobierno, que aunque no estaba completamente ausente de sus trabajos anteriores, si se veía opacada por el protagonismo dado a los análisis disciplinarios. Esta analítica de las formas de gobierno consiste en mostrar cómo se construyen estrategias y racionalidades de gobierno a partir de la gestión y modulación de los procesos innatos a los individuos y los grupos gobernados. Ya no se trata de entender el poder como una fuerza externa que se opone a los individuos y que opera reprimiéndolos o suprimiéndolos, sino como una estrategia que opera promoviendo procesos naturales a partir de los cuales los sujetos constituyen su identidad

The bio-political government of society. Victimized Identities and punitive mobilizations

A partir del análisis de una forma de movilización punitiva, el artículo rastrea las consecuencias del surgimiento de una nueva subjetividad social: la identidad victimizada. Se trata de una forma de subjetividad que desempodera a los individuos y grupos sociales de su potencia política fijándolos en una subjetividad deficitaria y retributiva, a partir de la cual se articulan estrategias de gobierno biopolítico sobre la sociedad en su conjunto.From the analysis of a form of punitive mobilization, this article traces the consequences of the emergence of a new social subjectivity: the victimized identity. It represents a form of subjectivity that deprives individuals and social groups of their political power by setting them in an inadequate and retributive subjectivity, from which bio-political government strategies about society at large are articulated

Reingeniería e implantación de maquinaria semiautomatizada para la microempresa de helados tropical salcedo.

La reingeniería e implantación de maquinaria semiautomatizada se realizó en la microempresa de helados “TROPICAL SALCEDO” con el propósito de mejorar y aumentar la producción. En la selección de los elementos de la máquina para la elaboración de helados se tomó como referencia catálogos, realizando su respectivo diseño con el fin de simular y hacer su respectivo estudio en el software de diseño y simulación SolidWorks. Se ha realizado pruebas a la maquinaria estableciendo resultados compatibles con los parámetros propuestos. Este tipo de maquinaria está basada en modelos elaborados con creatividad de los autores, los cuales sirvieron para construir dicha maquinaria y agregarle dispositivos que permiten efectuar el proceso de forma semiautomática. Con el objetivo de determinar los elementos mecánicos y eléctricos requeridos para la máquina de helados, se realizó un bosquejo que está constituido por: acero inoxidable, poliuretano, motor eléctrico, unidad de condensación, PLC y contactores. El estudio de cargas estáticas permitió conocer la resistencia que soportará la estructura. Durante el ensamble se verificó la correcta alineación, el ajuste de piezas y componentes para proceder a la programación e interfaz del PLC. La máquina para la elaboración de helados tiene una capacidad de producción de 188 helados cada hora, puede ser adaptada para que en un futuro sea completamente automática, aumentando la producción, y dinamizando la matriz productiva del país. Se recomienda operar el equipo previo la utilización del manual de operación y posteriormente aplicar su respetivo plan de mantenimiento para prolongar el funcionamiento de los componentes del mismo.The reengineering and semi-automatic machinery implementation was carried out in the micro enterprise of ice cream “TROPICAL SALCEDO” in order to improve and increase the production. In the selection of the elements of the machine for the production of ice cream, catalogues have been taken as a basis, by conducting their respective design in order to simulate and to do their corresponding study in the Solid Works design and simulation software. Test have been performed to the machinery, by establishing compatible results with the parameters. This type of machinery is based on models prepared with creativity of the authors, which served to build the above mentioned machinery and add devices that allow carrying out the process of semiautomatic form. A sketch was made with the objective to determine the mechanical and electrical elements needed for the machine of ice cream, which is constituted by stainless steel, polyurethane, electrical engine, unit of condensation, PLC and contactors. The study of static loads allowed knowing the resistence that will support the structure. During assembly it was verified the correct alignment, adjust parts and components to proceed to the programming and interface of the PLC. The ice cream machine has a production capacity of 188 ice cream every hour, it can be adapted so that in the future be completely automatic, increasing production, and boosting the productive matrix of the country. It is recommended to operate the equipment prior to using the operational manual, and then apply its respective maintenance plan to extend the life of the components

Continuous monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence and microclimatic conditions reveals warming-induced physiological damage in biocrust-forming lichens

Purpose Biocrust communities, which are important regulators of multiple ecosystem functions in drylands, are highly sensitive to climate change. There is growing evidence of the negative impacts of warming on the performance of biocrust constituents like lichens in the field. Here, we aim to understand the physiological basis behind this pattern. Methods Using a unique manipulative climate change experiment, we monitored every 30 minutes and for 9 months the chlorophyll a fluorescence and microclimatic conditions (lichen surface temperature, relative moisture and photosynthetically active radiation) of Psora decipiens, a key biocrust constituent in drylands worldwide. This long-term monitoring resulted in 11,847 records at the thallus-level, which allowed us to evaluate the impacts of ~2.3 °C simulated warming treatment on the physiology of Psora at an unprecedented level of detail. Results Simulated warming and the associated decrease in relative moisture promoted by this treatment negatively impacted the physiology of Psora, especially during the diurnal period of the spring, when conditions are warmer and drier. These impacts were driven by a mechanism based on the reduction of the length of the periods allowing net photosynthesis, and by declines in Yield and Fv/Fm under simulated warming. Conclusion Our study reveals the physiological basis explaining observed negative impacts of ongoing global warming on biocrust-forming lichens in the field. The functional response observed could limit the growth and cover of biocrust-forming lichens in drylands in the long-term, negatively impacting in key soil attributes such as biogeochemical cycles, water balance, biological activity and ability of controlling erosion.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was funded by the European Research Council (ERC Grant Agreements 242658 [BIOCOM] and 647038 [BIODESERT] awarded to FTM). FTM and DSP also acknowledge support from Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041) and Comunidad de Madrid (REMEDINAL TE-CM, S2018/EMT-4338) respectively. JR, DSP and LGS acknowledge to research projects funded by the Spanish Government, CTM2015–64728-C2–1-R and PID2019-105469RB-C21 for providing financial support at different stages of the data analyses and manuscript development. EV was supported by the 2017 program for attracting and retaining talent of Comunidad de Madrid (no. 2017-T2/ AMB-5406)

1,10a-Dihydro-1-aza-10a-boraphenanthrene and 6a,7-Dihydro-7-aza-6a-boratetraphene: Two New Fluorescent BN-PAHs

Previously unknown 1,10a-dihydro-1-aza-10a-boraphenanthreneand 6a,7-dihydro-7-aza-6a-boratetraphene have been efficiently synthesized.Bromination of these BN-PAHs proceeds with complete regioselectivity, resultingin the formation of different substituted derivatives via cross-coupling reactions.These compounds exhibit rather highfluorescence quantum yields (up to?F=0.80)Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónUniversity of AlcaláInstituto de Salud Carlos II

Automatic identification of informative regions with epigenomic changes associated to hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis is one of the best characterized biological systems but the connection between chromatin changes and lineage differentiation is not yet well understood. We have developed a bioinformatic workflow to generate a chromatin space that allows to classify 42 human healthy blood epigenomes from the BLUEPRINT, NIH ROADMAP and ENCODE consortia by their cell type. This approach let us to distinguish different cells types based on their epigenomic profiles, thus recapitulating important aspects of human hematopoiesis. The analysis of the orthogonal dimension of the chromatin space identify 32,662 chromatin determinant regions (CDRs), genomic regions with different epigenetic characteristics between the cell types. Functional analysis revealed that these regions are linked with cell identities. The inclusion of leukemia epigenomes in the healthy hematological chromatin sample space gives us insights on the healthy cell types that are more epigenetically similar to the disease samples. Further analysis of tumoral epigenetic alterations in hematopoietic CDRs points to sets of genes that are tightly regulated in leukemic transformations and commonly mutated in other tumors. Our method provides an analytical approach to study the relationship between epigenomic changes and cell lineage differentiation. Method availability: https://github.com/david-juan/ChromDet.European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007–2013, 282510 (BLUEPRINT)]; Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund [Project Retos BFU2015–71241-R]. Funding for open access charge: Project Retos BFU2015–71241-R (to A.V.).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version