A CASE STUDY IN TOPONYMY: SAMPLING AND CLASSIFYING A TRI-LINGUAL PLACE NAME INVENTORY FOUND IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL STATE OF NEW MEXICO

The north-central portion of the State of New Mexico has an extensive distribution of geographic names applied to landscape features from documented sources and from living oral tradition. Many of these geographic names originated from three distinct socio-linguistic groups, among which are names in three languages applied to single features. The three primary languages involved are Tewa, Spanish and English. Names that apply to topographical features and a selection of man-build features on the landscape were collected, mapped, and useful approaches to analyze them were developed from literature on toponymy, the study of place names. This study offers an analysis of the place names of the three socio-linguistic groups by classifying the names using a typology initially developed by the toponymist George R. Stewart but modified for use by this study. The typology assisted the comparison and contrast of naming practices of the namers and those who have used them over generations since. An area was selected for this study that employed names found in the database of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names associated with four U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 minute topographical maps named from east to west San Juan Pueblo, Chili, Vallecitos, and Polvadera Peak, New Mexico. To these quadrangles containing an area 28 miles long and 8.6 miles wide was added a considerable quantity of names discovered in literary sources ranging from John P. Harrington\u27s 1916 Ethnogeography of the Tewa to deed documents recorded in the Rio Arriba County Clerk\u27s Office. Another considerably large quantity of names was obtained from oral tradition and local common use accumulated over decades of time. The study area embraces San Juan Pueblo, a populated place of Pueblo Indians that speak the Tewa language, thence westward about eighteen miles to and including the summit of Cerro Chicoma in the west. San Juan Pueblo (Ohkay \xd3w\xeengeh) serves as a node and Cerro Chicoma as the west of four cardinal mountains defining a homeland of the Tewa speaking people of Ohkay \xd3w\xeengeh. Upon this study area a collection of Tewa names was mapped and used as the platform to initiated two more layers of Spanish and American English names. This study employed the visualization mapping tool Google Earth\u2122 to provided a computer generated terrain model upon which a collection of place names were mapped and color coded by language. Appendices F, G, and H of this study provide illustrations of this phase of the analysis by symbolically representing the place names as colored placemark points or linear features upon the of aerial imagery. An in-depth analysis was then developed for each name to provide its location, examine the name\u27s meaning, the name\u27s history (if known), and the name\u27s significance in the cultural landscape. An extensive catalogue of annotated place names found in the study area was developed and appears in Appendix D that provides the reader with these textual details of the inventory of geographic names. The typology developed for this study was applied to each place name that is presented as a spreadsheet list in Appendix C. This study limited the inventory of names to topographical features and a selection of man-built features on the cultural landscape using feature class definitions developed by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (Table 9). The complete list is presented in Appendix B. A glossary devoted to generic names for geographic features in the three languages that appear in the study area and that appear as part of the place names herein presented are listed in Appendix A. These assist the reader to better understand definitions such as for a cerro or arroyo in this study. Because this study found government representation of officially designated names in the study area to be disproportionately in American English, Appendix E is provided listing the American English name inventory. The inventory of names, their annotations, and classifications were part of the method to compare and contrast the world views the name collection provides for each socio-linguistic group. Place names were found to be linguistic artifacts reflecting the physical, social, and spiritual norms of human-environment interaction of the past and present. The typology reveals that the Spanish socio-linguistic group underwent a process of nativization while naming features on the landscape during that history of human-environment interaction

2002 National Survey of Latinos

Explores the attitudes and experiences of Hispanics on identity and assimilation, discrimination, economics, and the healthcare system. Highlights key areas of demographic differences among subgroups, to illustrate the diversity of the Latino population

Simulaciones de fluidos con CFD aplicadas a interpretar el aprovechamiento de la energía renovable oceánica

Se describe la secuencia metodológica de procesos que concluye con los resultados obtenidos a través de simulación computacional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) para el aprovechamiento de energía oceánica. El campo de aplicación de las herramientas CFD posee innumerables opciones para su utilización en recursos renovables y como complemento de estudio de casos experimentales en funcionamiento.El presente artículo será el vínculo entre dos trabajos pertenecientes a la tecnología undimotriz; una de las partes es un estudio de modelos numéricos CFD realizado en Valladolid, España, y la otra es un desarrollo experimental construido en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se hará referencia a las simulaciones para el método denominado de columna de agua oscilante, OWC (Oscillating Water Column), en el cual convierte la energía de las olas en energía neumática para ser convertida en mecánica a través de una turbina reversible.Asimismo se describe el funcionamiento del dispositivo experimental para el aprovechamiento de la energía undimotriz, desarrollado por la UTN BA cuyo objetivo es transformar la energía de las ondas marinas en electricidad; y sobre el mismo de propone realizar estudios con CFD.Para que los resultados obtenidos mediante CFD fuesen reconocidos por la comunidad científica internacional se opto por el análisis de un sistema en particular correspondiente al comportamiento del grupo turbinado para el ciclo sinusoidal que describen las olas, desarrollando el modelo físico y numérico de la turbina; el cual ha sido modelizado mediante condiciones de contorno estacionarias y posteriormente validado a través de resultados de publicaciones correspondientes a instalaciones experimentales.This paper provides a methodological description of the processes and concludes with the results obtained from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for harnessing ocean energy. There are countless applications for CFD in renewable resources and as complement of experimental case studies.This article will be the link between two wave technology projects: a study on CFD numerical models conducted in Valladolid, Spain, and a 1:10 scale prototype of the experimental device developed and built in Buenos Aires, Argentina.We will focus on the simulations performed using the method known as oscillating water column (OWC), which converts the energy of waves into pneumatic power so that it can be then converted into mechanical energy through a reversible turbine. In addition, we will describe the operation of an experimental device for harnessing wave energy developed at UTN BA, whose goal is to transform the energy of sea waves into mechanical energy and finally into electrical energy, and for which CFD studies are proposed

ALGORITMOS DE DECISIÓN APLICADOS AL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO

El apoyo a la gestión temprana del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje genera una ventaja importante en dicho proceso. En tal sentido, este trabajo propone una aplicación que permite evaluar al alumno en base a atributos, para determinar la probabilidad de finalización de la materia con éxito. El objetivo de la aplicación es dotar al docente de una herramienta tecnológica capaz de analizar el grado de avance del alumno y su probabilidad de éxito en una determinada materia, teniendo en cuenta los registros del sistema. Los atributos que forman parte de la evaluación son procesados por un algoritmo y las variables seleccionadas soportadas por la fórmula de entropía. El diseño de la solución es web responsivo

Effect of fermented, hardened, and dehulled of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) meals in digestibility and antinutrients in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Among the most typical feed sources for tilapia, plants represent a low-cost source in substituting for traditional high-cost feed ingredients. Fermentation, hardening and dehulling are common grains processing techniques to make plant nutrients available and more digestible to fish. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter and protein, and antinutrients (phytic acid and tannins) in fermented, hardened and dehulled chickpea (Cicer arietinum) meals were determined for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The highest ADC was obtained with processed (fermented, hardened and dehulled) chickpea meals compared with non-processed. Results indicated that fermentation increased the protein content by 13.1%, decreased the content of ash and phytic acid (47.5 and 45%, respectively), and increased the ingredient apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADM) by 23.2%, and the ingredient apparent digestibility of protein (ADP) by 41.9%. Dehulling meal increased the protein (5.7%) and lipid (6.4%) content of chickpea grains; decreased fiber, ash and tannin content (75.3%, 19.1%, and 84.5%, respectively); and increased ADM by 12.8%, and ADP by 10.4%. We conclude that fermented, hardened and dehulled chickpea meals represent a potential alternative in diets for juvenile O. niloticus

Distribucion espacial de Thrips simplex (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) en plantaciones de gladiolo del Valle De Toluca Del Estado De Mexico, Mexico

Amplia el conocimiento de la distribución espacial de Thrips simplex en un nuevo municipio del Estado de México, que permite conocer sobre su comportamiento y posible manejo agricola.La gladiola es una flor de corte de gran importancia económica en México debido a la fuerte demanda del mercado nacional y de exportación, especialmente en las celebraciones del día del padre y día de muertos. Su cultivo presenta fuerte presión por los Trips, tanto por los daños que llega a causar en la calidad estética de la flor como por la fuerte inversión económica que representa su control. Una de las variables en el manejo sustentable de las plagas es conocer el arreglo o distribución espacial que presentan dentro de un área derterminada, de tal forma que permita focalizar las alternativas de control a puntos específicos. Debido a lo anterior, se ha considerado necesario determinar la distribución espacial de Thrips simplex en parcelas comerciales del valle de Toluca del Estado de México. Los muestreos se realizaron por medio de una cuadrícula de 121 puntos, separados a cada 10 m, en dos parcelas con dimensiones de una hect´srea del Municipio de Jiquipilco y una de Ixtlahuaca durante la etapa vegetativa, espata y floración. Cada punto fue georeferenciado y se colocó una trampa amarilla para la captura y conteo del insecto. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron para determinar el modelo espacial a través del programa Variowin 2.2, mientras que los mapas se obtuvieron a través del programa Sufer 8.0. Los resultados indicaron que las poblaciones de Thrips simplex presentaron un ajuste al modelo esférico en las diferentes etapas fenológicas, mientras que las poblaciones de la etapa de espata y floración de la parcela uno de Jiquipilco se ajustaron a una estructura espacial de tipo gaussiano, y fue la única parcela en donde se observaron cambios en los patrones espaciales del insecto. En todos los casos obtuvieron mapas de agregación de Thrips simplex as´ı como sus gradientes que permitieron su visualización.PROMEP UAEM-PTC-356 (FE38/2013

Simulación de la expresión matemática de un motor asincrónico para la visualización de las magnitudes eléctricas y físicas.

The industry is in continuous growth and updating of instrumentation equipment, especially in the control and maintenance of asynchronous motors in such a way that the need arises to visualize electrical quantities such as voltage and current and physical quantities such as speed and torque, the present document describes the mathematical expression of an asynchronous motor using Matlab® software to display the magnitudes of current, voltage, speed and torque, which are obtained by solving the Thévenin equivalent circuit in the transient regime and the transformation of Laplace we obtain the differential equations. Which allowed the calculation of the behavior of the engine in transitory regime, with or without load. It was demonstrated through the mathematical expression that the theoretical, experimental and simulated calculations correspond to the behavior of the asynchronous induction motor, which showed the graphs of the stator and rotor starting current. Thus, it was possible to make the prediction of the state of the equipment current variables according to its operation. The most important function of this mathematical expression was the practical demonstration of the behavior of the rotor starting current, which allowed the comparative analysis of the calculated and experimental values.La industria se encuentra en continuo crecimiento y actualización de equipos de instrumentación, especialmente en el control y mantenimiento de motores asincrónicos de tal manera que surge la necesidad de visualizar las magnitudes eléctricas tales como voltaje y corriente y magnitudes físicas como velocidad y torque, el presente documento describe la expresión matemática de un motor asíncrono mediante el uso del software Matlab® para la visualización de las magnitudes de corriente, voltaje, velocidad y torque, mismas que se obtienen mediante la resolución del circuito equivalente Thévenin en el régimen transitorio y la transformada de Laplace obtenemos las ecuaciones diferenciales. Las cuales permitieron el cálculo del comportamiento del motor en régimen transitorio, con o sin carga. Se demostró mediante la expresión matemática que los cálculos teóricos, experimentales y simulados, corresponden al comportamiento del motor de inducción asíncrono, el cual mostró las gráficas de la corriente de arranque del estator y del rotor. Así se pudo realizar la predicción del estado de las variables de corriente del equipo según su funcionamiento. La función más importante de esta expresión matemática, fue la demostración práctica del comportamiento de la corriente de arranque del rotor, el cual permitió el análisis comparativo de los valores calculados y experimentales

Detailed characterization of the solution kinetics and thermodynamics of biotin, biocytin and HABA binding to avidin and streptavidin

The high affinity (KD ~ 10−15 M) of biotin for avidin and streptavidin is the essential component in a multitude of bioassays with many experiments using biotin modifications to invoke coupling. Equilibration times suggested for these assays assume that the association rate constant (kon) is approximately diffusion limited (109 M-1s-1) but recent single molecule and surface binding studies indicate that they are slower than expected (105 to 107 M-1s-1). In this study, we asked whether these reactions in solution are diffusion controlled, which reaction model and thermodynamic cycle describes the complex formation, and if there are any functional differences between avidin and streptavidin. We have studied the biotin association by two stopped-flow methodologies using labeled and unlabeled probes: I) fluorescent probes attached to biotin and biocytin; and II) unlabeled biotin and HABA, 2-(4’-hydroxyazobenzene)- benzoic acid. Both native avidin and streptavidin are homo-tetrameric and the association data show no cooperativity between the binding sites. The kon values of streptavidin are faster than avidin but slower than expected for a diffusion limited reaction in both complexes. Moreover, the Arrhenius plots of the kon values revealed strong temperature dependence with large activation energies (6–15 kcal/mol) that do not correspond to a diffusion limited process (3–4 kcal/mol). Accordingly, we propose a simple reaction model with a single transition state for non-immobilized reactants whose forward thermodynamic parameters complete the thermodynamic cycle, in agreement with previously reported studies. Our new understanding and description of the kinetics, thermodynamics, and spectroscopic parameters for these complexes will help to improve purification efficiencies, molecule detection, and drug screening assays or find new applications