Late Glacial and Holocene Record of Climatic Change in the Southern Rocky Mountains from Sediments in San Luis Lake, Colorado, USA

Large rapid climate changes occurred over the last glacial cycle in the southwestern United States and elsewhere in many regions of the world. Some of these changes were attributed to alternations between stadial and interstadial conditions in the North Atlantic. But intense debate exists on how climate anomalies in the North Atlantic transmit to the southwest. Here we report a sediment record from San Luis Lake in southern Colorado, through analyses of grain size, magnetic susceptibility, Mg/Ca, total inorganic carbon, δ18O and δ13C, to indicate climatic and environmental changes in the southern Rocky Mountains over the last 16.5 ka. We found that San Luis Lake remained hydrologically closed most of the time but overflowed during the second half of the Mystery Interval (the Big Wet: 15.7–14.9 ka) and the latter part of the mid-Holocene (the Neopluvial: 4–3 ka). Over the course of the last deglaciation, San Luis Lake underwent a series of large millennial-scale hydroclimatic changes such as the Big Dry (16.5–15.7 ka), the Big Wet, the Bølling–Allerød dry (14.9–12.7 ka), and the Younger Dryas wet (12.8–11.6 ka), corresponding to warm/cold phases in the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere. The North American monsoon waxed during the Pre-Boreal interval (11.6–10.5 ka) and waned through the Holocene, in phase with northward and southward displacement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The San Luis Lake basin was relatively dry in the early Holocene (10.5–6.7 ka), wet and fluctuating in the mid-Holocene (6.7–2.6 ka), and dry and less variable in the late Holocene (2.6–0 ka). We found evidence that extreme pluvial episodes of the southern Rocky Mountains and elsewhere in the American Southwest were coeval with cold phases of the North Pacific. Our results highlight the role of the North Pacific in modulating atmospheric circulations over the region on millennial timescales

Perfil clínico epidemiológico de parto pretérmino en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo, 2010 al 2020

El presente estudio corresponde a una investigación transversal, descriptivo simple cuyo objetivo es determinar el perfil clínico epidemiológico de parto pretérmino en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo, 2010 al 2020. Para ello se usó la base de datos del Sistema informático perinatal de gestantes con diagnóstico de parto pretérmino. Dentro de los resultados se obtuvo que la incidencia de partos pretérmino fue de 8.3%. De las cuales el 75.3% estaban entre los 18 a 35 años, el 73% dentro de las 34 a 36 semanas, el 70.2% eran convivientes, el 54.6% tenían grado de instrucción de secundaria, el 32.5% procedían de Trujillo, el 49.7% tuvieron mayor igual a 2 gestaciones previas y el 99.5% estaban sanas al momento del egreso. Dentro de los factores de riesgo para parto pretérmino, se encontró: RPM (25.4%), HIE (14.6%), vaginosis (7.8%), embarazo múltiple (12%), ITU (7%), patologías del líquido amniótico (5%), enfermedades crónicas preexistentes (3.7%), placenta previa (2.8%), DPP (2.1%), diabetes gestacional (0.9%) y corioamionitis (0.5%). De los recién nacidos pretérmino el 77.7% estaba entre las 33 y 36 semanas, el 43.5% entre los 1500 a 2499 gramos y con una letalidad de 13.2%

Riesgo de diabetes mellitus en residentes de una zona urbano marginal de Lima Norte: Diabetes mellitus risk among residents of a marginal urban area of northern Lima

The study aimed to explore the risk of diabetes mellitus in residents of an area of the district of Comas. In the population studied, the risk of diabetes mellitus is very frequent. High and very high risk were present in overweight and obese subjects; similarly, high risk was observed at older age; however, very high risk was present in younger subjects. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Risk Assessment; Población; Peru (Source: MeSH, NLM).El estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el riesgo de diabetes mellitus en los residentes de una zona del distrito de Comas. En la población estudiada, el riesgo de diabetes mellitus es muy frecuente. El riesgo alto y muy alto se presentaron en sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad; de manera similar, el riesgo alto se observó a mayor edad; sin embargo, el riesgo muy alto se presentó en sujetos más jóvenes. Palabras clave: Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2; Medición de Riesgo; Población; Perú (Fuente: DeCS, BIREME)

High rate of depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C / Taxa elevada de depressão em pacientes com hepatite C crônica

Objectives: To describe the frequency of depression in patients with hepatitis C (HCV) and relate to the biological variables and liver function. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, which assessed depression using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and the association with biological and liver function variables in 85 patients HCV chronically infected indicated for direct-acting antiviral therapy (DAA) between May 2018 and May 2019. Results: Depression was detected in 47.1% of patients, predominantly mild depression (95%). However, depression occurred independently of biological characteristics, such as gender, age, education, associated comorbidities and liver function, such as degree of fibrosis and viral genotype. Conclusions: The frequency of depression was high in patients with HCV and had no statistical relationship with biological characteristics and liver function, suggesting that active search for depression could be a valuable strategy in managing these patients.Objetivos: Describir la frecuencia de depresión en pacientes con hepatitis C (VHC) y relacionarla con variables biológicas y función hepática. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, que evaluó la depresión utilizando los criterios del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-V) y la asociación con variables biológicas y de función hepática en 85 pacientes con VHC crónico indicados para tratamento com terapia antiviral de acción directo (AAD) entre mayo de 2018 y 2019. Resultados: Se detectó depresión en el 47,1% de los pacientes, predominantemente depresión leve (95%). Sin embargo, la depresión se produjo independientemente de las características biológicas, como el sexo, la edad, la educación, las comorbilidades asociadas y la función hepática, como el grado de fibrosis y el genotipo viral. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de depresión fue alta en pacientes con VHC y no tuvo relación estadística con características biológicas y función hepática, sugiriendo la búsqueda activa de depresión como estrategia en el manejo de estos pacientes.Objetivos: descrever a frequência de depressão em pacientes com hepatite C (HCV) e relacionar com as variáveis biológicas e função hepática. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, que avaliou a depressão utilizando os critérios do Manual de diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais (DSM-V) e a associação com as variáveis biológicas e de função hepática em 85 pacientes com HCV crônica indicados para a terapia antiviral de ação direta (DAA) entre maio de 2018 e 2019. Resultados: detectou-se depressão em 47,1% dos pacientes, predominantemente depressão leve (95%). Entretanto a depressão ocorreu de forma independente das características biológicas, como sexo, idade, escolaridade, comorbidades associadas e da função hepática, como grau de fibrose e genótipo viral. Conclusões: a frequência de depressão foi alta em pacientes com HCV e não teve relação estatística com as características biológicas e função hepática, sugerindo a busca ativa da depressão como estratégia na condução destes pacientes.

Brute-Force Mapmaking with Compact Interferometers: A MITEoR Northern Sky Map from 128 MHz to 175 MHz

We present a new method for interferometric imaging that is ideal for the large fields of view and compact arrays common in 21 cm cosmology. We first demonstrate the method with the simulations for two very different low-frequency interferometers, the Murchison Widefield Array and the MIT Epoch of Reionization (MITEoR) experiment. We then apply the method to the MITEoR data set collected in 2013 July to obtain the first northern sky map from 128 to 175 MHz at ∼2° resolution and find an overall spectral index of −2.73 ± 0.11. The success of this imaging method bodes well for upcoming compact redundant low-frequency arrays such as Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array. Both the MITEoR interferometric data and the 150 MHz sky map are available at http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/omniscope.html.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (AST-0908848)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (AST-1105835)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (AST-1440343

Restored intertidal eelgrass (Z. marina) supports benthic communities taxonomically and functionally similar to natural seagrasses in the Wadden Sea

Ecological restoration has become an important management-tool to counteract the widespread losses of seagrass meadows and their associated biodiversity. In the Dutch Wadden Sea, long-term restoration efforts have recently led to the successful restoration of annual eelgrass (Zostera marina) at high densities on a local scale. However, it is yet unknown if restored seagrass plants also lead to improved local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the intertidal zone. We therefore compared the macrozoobenthos communities of a small-scale restored meadow to 22 naturally occurring intertidal seagrass meadows. Using a taxonomic and trait-based approach we aimed to study 1) how intertidal seagrasses (Zostera marina and Zostera noltii) affect benthic communities and their functional trait distribution and 2) if a restored meadow facilitates benthic communities similar to natural meadows. We found that both natural and restored seagrasses increased abundances of benthic animals and the richness (both taxonomic and functional) of associated benthic communities compared to nearby unvegetated areas. Additionally, the presence of intertidal seagrass shifted benthic community composition both taxonomically and functionally, thus broadening the niche space for species inhabiting tidal flats. Seagrasses especially facilitated epifaunal species and traits associated with these animals. Surprisingly, our results indicate that the mere presence of seagrass aboveground structure is enough to facilitate benthic communities, as neither higher seagrass cover nor biomass increased benthic biodiversity in the intertidal zone. By studying the effect of seagrass restoration on benthic diversity, we found that the restored meadow functioned similarly to the natural meadows after only two years and that the success of our restoration efforts indeed led to local biodiversity enhancements. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the ecological functioning of intertidal seagrasses and can be used to define/refine conservation and restoration goals of these valuable ecosystems

Mapping our universe in 3D with MITEoR

Mapping our universe in 3D by imaging the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen has the potential to overtake the cosmic microwave background as our most powerful cosmological probe, because it can map a much larger volume of our Universe, shedding new light on the epoch of reionization, inflation, dark matter, dark energy, and neutrino masses. We report on MITEoR, a pathfinder low-frequency radio interferometer whose goal is to test technologies that greatly reduce the cost of such 3D mapping for a given sensitivity. MITEoR accomplishes this by using massive baseline redundancy both to enable automated precision calibration and to cut the correlator cost scaling from N[superscript 2] to N log N, where N is the number of antennas. The success of MITEoR with its 64 dual-polarization elements bodes well for the more ambitious HERA project, which incorporates many identical or similar technologies using an order of magnitude more antennas, each with dramatically larger collecting area.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant AST-0908848)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant AST-1105835)MIT Kavli Instrumentation FundMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Undergraduate Research Opportunities Progra

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations