Editorial: Ecological interactions between mosquitoes and their microbiota: implications for pathogen transmission

This study was financed by the PID2020-118205GB-I00 grant from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Additional support derived from the CNS2022-135993 grant financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU. MG was supported by the María Zambrano program and the P9 program for the reincorporation of Doctors funded by Spanish Ministry of Universities, the European Union-NextGenerationEU, and the University of Granada. Complementary, Complementary, MG is currently financed by the PID2022-137746NAI00 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU.” JV received financial support from the Juan de la Cierva program (FJC2021-048057-I) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. GM was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Project Evasion)

COMPARISON OF THE SWIMMING START PERFORMANCE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND RELAY FREESTYLE RACES

The aim of the present study was to compare the swimming start performances between individual and relay events in freestyle races. Competitors who took part in both the individual 100m freestyle and the 4×100m freestyle relay races during the LEN 2017 European Junior Championships were analysed in the present study. The results indicated that swimmers performed 6.92% faster 15m start time in relay race versus the individual freestyle race and the difference seemed to be due to the longer reaction time from the race beginning. Coaches and swimmers would be suggested to try to optimize their relay starting performance in order to take more benefit on flight, underwater and swimming phases compare to individual start

The interplay between vector microbial community and pathogen transmission on the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus: current knowledge and future directions

The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is nowadays broadly distributed with established populations in all continents except Antarctica. In the invaded areas, this species represents an important nuisance for humans and, more relevant, it is involved in the local transmission of pathogens relevant under a public health perspective. Aedes albopictus is a competent vector of parasites such as Dirofilaria and viruses including dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus, among others. The mosquito microbiota has been identified as one of the major drivers of vector competence, acting upon relevant vector functions as development or immunity. Here, we review the available literature on the interaction between Ae. albopictus microbiota and pathogen transmission and identify the knowledge gaps on the topic. Most studies are strictly focused on the interplay between pathogens and Wolbachia endosymbiont while studies screening whole microbiota are still scarce but increasing in recent years, supported on Next-generation sequencing tools. Most experimental trials use lab-reared mosquitoes or cell lines, exploring the molecular mechanisms of the microbiota-pathogen interaction. Yet, correlational studies on wild populations are underrepresented. Consequently, we still lack sufficient evidence to reveal whether the microbiota of introduced populations of Ae. albopictus differ from those of native populations, or how microbiota is shaped by different environmental and anthropic factors, but especially, how these changes affect the ability of Ae. albopictus to transmit pathogens and favor the occurrence of outbreaks in the colonized areas. Finally, we propose future research directions on this research topic.This study was financed by the PID2020-118205GB-I00 grant to JM-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. MGarrido was supported by the María Zambrano program and JV received financial support from the Margarita Salas and Juan de la Cierva programs. MGarrigós was supported by a FPI grant (PRE2021-098544)

Quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia: contributions of disease symptoms, lifestyle and multi-medication

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disease characterized by the presence of chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, which causes a high negative impact on the quality of life (QoL). Although there are many studies about the QoL of patients with FM, it is unknown which variables have a main influence on it. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine which FM symptoms predict a worse QoL and also to establish whether lifestyle and multi-medication are associated to QoL.We assessed a sample of 134 women with FM using a semi-structured clinical interview to explore lifestyle (diet, exercise, smoking) and medication use, and questionnaires to cover the main symptoms of this disease and QoL (SF-36).We found that the patients with FM had a poor QoL, being “physical pain” and “vitality” the most affected domains. A linear regression analysis showed that depression and anxiety assessed by HADS were the FM symptoms which most significantly predicted QoL, explaining 49% of the variance. Concerning lifestyle/medication influences, we found that multiple drug treatment and smoking also predicted a worse QoL (14%). Moreover, patients who practiced exercise regularly showed better QoL than patients who did not (regardless of the severity of FM). Thus, our results suggest that treatment strategies to improve QoL in FM should be focused on improving psychological distress, promoting regular exercise and reducing smoking and multi-medication. The data highlights the role of positive self-management practices to improve QoL in FMThis study has been funded by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; ref PSI2016-75313- R) and Galician Government (IDT Plan. Grant 2021-PG011). In addition, NS-V was supported by a grant from the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; grant number: BES-2017-082684)S

Neural correlates of cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia patients: Reduced brain electrical activity during the execution of a cognitive control task

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a generalized chronic pain syndrome of unknown aetiology. Although FM patients frequently complain of cognitive dysfunction, this is one of the least studied symptoms. Research on brain activity associated with the perceived cognitive impairment is particularly scarce. To address this gap, we recorded the brain electrical activity in participants during a cognitive control task.This study was supported by funding from from the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad; grant number PSI2013-45818-R] and from the Galician Government (Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion e Ordenacion Universitaria; axudas para a consolidacion e Estruturacion de unidades de investigacion competitivas do Sistema universitario de Galicia; grant number GPC 2014/047). A.G.V. was supported by a grant from Xunta de Galicia (Axudas de apoio a etapa de formacion posdoutoral 2018)

2019 National survey of fitness trends in Spain

En 2016 y 2017 se han realizado las primeras Encuestas Nacionales sobre Tendencias en Fitness en España, reproduciendo la metodología de las encuestas internacionales sobre tendencias globales de fitness promovidas por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM) desde 2006. Este estudio presenta los resultados de la tercera Encuesta Nacional sobre Tendencias en Fitness para el año 2019. Su objetivo ha sido identificar las principales tendencias y su relevancia en el sector del fitness español para ese año. Se recogió la opinión de 600 profesionales del sector del fitness sobre 46 potenciales tendencias mediante un cuestionario online. Las tendencias más relevantes para 2019 en el contexto español son «personal formado, cualificado y experimentado», «entrenamiento funcional», «ejercicio y pérdida de peso», «entrenamiento personal», «entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad», y «entrenamiento con el peso corporal». Las tendencias en el sector del fitness en España para 2019 han resultado ser muy estables con respecto a las tendencias que emergieron en el top 20 en la encuesta de 2018, con solo 2 tendencias nuevas y apenas cambios en sus posiciones en ranking. Sin embargo, las diferencias son mucho mayores cuando se comparan con el top 20 de la encuesta internacional de 2018, con 8 tendencias diferentes (un 40%). Esto indica cierta divergencia de las tendencias de fitness en nuestro país y las tendencias globales del sector, mostrando una dinámica propia en el sector españolIn 2016 and 2017 the first National Surveys on Fitness Trends was carried out in Spain reproducing the methodology of the worldwide surveys about global fitness trends endorsed by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) since 2006. This study shows the findings of the third National Survey of Fitness Trends aimed at identifying the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector and their relevance in 2019. The opinion of 600 professionals in the fitness sector about 46 potential trends were gathered via an online questionnaire. The more relevant trends in the Spanish context for 2019 were «educated, certified and experienced fitness professionals», «functional training», «exercise and weight loss», «personal training», «high intensity interval training» and «body weight training». Trends in the Spanish fitness sector have been very stable in 2019 compared to those emerged in the top 20 in the 2018 survey, with only 2 new trends whereas the others remained almost unchanged in their ranking positions. However, differences were much greater when compared with the top 20 of the global survey of 2018, with 8 different trends (40%). This points to some divergences of fitness trend in our country and the global trends of the sector, showing a dynamic of its own in the Spanish secto

Interactions between West Nile Virus and the Microbiota of Culex pipiens Vectors: A Literature Review

The flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) naturally circulates between mosquitoes and birds, potentially affecting humans and horses. Different species of mosquitoes play a role as vectors of WNV, with those of the Culex pipiens complex being particularly crucial for its circulation. Different biotic and abiotic factors determine the capacity of mosquitoes for pathogen transmission, with the mosquito gut microbiota being recognized as an important one. Here, we review the published studies on the interactions between the microbiota of the Culex pipiens complex and WNV infections in mosquitoes. Most articles published so far studied the interactions between bacteria of the genus Wolbachia and WNV infections, obtaining variable results regarding the directionality of this relationship. In contrast, only a few studies investigate the role of the whole microbiome or other bacterial taxa in WNV infections. These studies suggest that bacteria of the genera Serratia and Enterobacter may enhance WNV development. Thus, due to the relevance of WNV in human and animal health and the important role of mosquitoes ofthe Cx. pipiens complex in its transmission, more research is needed to unravel the role of mosquito microbiota and those factors affecting this microbiota on pathogen epidemiology. In this respect, we finally propose future lines of research lines on this topic.This research was funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (grant number PID2020-118205GB-I00) and the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación (grant number P21_00049). The current contracts of M. Garrigós and J.V. are financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant numbers PRE2021-098544 and FJC2021-048057-I, respectively). In addition, M. Garrido and J.V. were financed by the Spanish Ministry of Universities (Margarita Salas and María Zambrano programs, respectively). The APC was funded by University of Granada

Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by retroviral transduction of skin fibroblasts from four patients suffering 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome

Skin fibroblasts were obtained from four patients with 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome carrying the reciprocal rearrangement of Williams-Beuren syndrome at the 7q11.23 genomic region. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated by retroviral infection of fibroblasts with polycystronic vectors. The generated iPSC clones ESi058B, ESi057B, ESi070A and ESi071A had the 7q11.23 duplication with no additional genomic alterations, a stable karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers and could differentiate towards the three germ layers in vitro via embryoid body formation and in vivo by teratoma formation. Patient's derived iPSCs are a valuable resource for in vitro modeling of 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome

Survival effects of antibiotic exposure during the larval and adult stages in the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens

The ability of mosquitoes to transmit a pathogen is affected, among other factors, by their survival rate, which is partly modulated by their microbiota. Mosquito microbiota is acquired during the larval phase and modified during their development and adult feeding behavior, being highly dependent on environmental factors. Pharmaceutical residues including antibiotics are widespread pollutants potentially being present in mosquito breeding waters likely affecting their microbiota. Here, we used Culex pipiens mosquitoes to assess the impact of antibiotic exposure during the larval and adult stages on the survival rate of adult mosquitoes. Wild-collected larvae were randomly assigned to two treatments: larvae maintained in water supplemented with antibiotics and control larvae. Emerged adults were subsequently assigned to each of two treatments, fed with sugar solution with antibiotics and fed only with sugar solution (controls). Larval exposure to antibiotics significantly increased the survival rate of adult females that received a control diet. In addition, the effect of adult exposure to antibiotics on the survival rate of both male and female mosquitoes depended on the number of days that larvae fed ad libitum in the laboratory before emergence. In particular, shorter larval ad libitum feeding periods reduced the survival rate of antibiotic-treated adult mosquitoes compared with those that emerged after a longer larval feeding period. These differences were not found in control adult mosquitoes. Our results extend the current understanding of the impact of antibiotic exposure of mosquitoes on a key component of vectorial capacity, that is the vector survival rate.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 [grant number PID2020-118205GB-I00]Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [grant numbers PRE2021-098544 and FJC2021-048057-I]Spanish Ministry of Universities [Margarita Salas and María Zambrano programs]Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

Parenting Styles, Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil

The present study analyzes the impact of parenting styles on adolescents’ self-esteem and internalization of social values in three countries, Spain, Portugal and Brazil. The sample of the study was comprised of 2091 adolescents from Spain (n = 793), Portugal (n = 675), and Brazil (n = 623) from 12–18 years old (52.1% females). The four types of parenting styles, authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian and neglectful, were measured through the warmth and strictness dimensions of the Scale of Parental Socialization ESPA29. The two criteria variables were captured with the five dimensions of the AF5, Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire, and with self-transcendence and conservation Schwartz values. Results confirm emergent research in parenting socialization: the use of parental warmth is evidenced as key for adolescent self-esteem and internalization of social values in the three countries analyzed. Indulgent and authoritative parenting (both characterized by parental warmth) are associated with the highest value internalization in the three countries. Furthermore, indulgent parenting (use of warmth) is associated with the highest adolescent self-esteem, overcoming authoritative parenting (use of warmth and strictness). The influence of parenting over adolescent self-esteem and values internalization is maintained independent of the differences in self-esteem and value priorities observed in the cultural context, the sex and age of the participants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio