2019 National survey of fitness trends in Spain

En 2016 y 2017 se han realizado las primeras Encuestas Nacionales sobre Tendencias en Fitness en España, reproduciendo la metodología de las encuestas internacionales sobre tendencias globales de fitness promovidas por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM) desde 2006. Este estudio presenta los resultados de la tercera Encuesta Nacional sobre Tendencias en Fitness para el año 2019. Su objetivo ha sido identificar las principales tendencias y su relevancia en el sector del fitness español para ese año. Se recogió la opinión de 600 profesionales del sector del fitness sobre 46 potenciales tendencias mediante un cuestionario online. Las tendencias más relevantes para 2019 en el contexto español son «personal formado, cualificado y experimentado», «entrenamiento funcional», «ejercicio y pérdida de peso», «entrenamiento personal», «entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad», y «entrenamiento con el peso corporal». Las tendencias en el sector del fitness en España para 2019 han resultado ser muy estables con respecto a las tendencias que emergieron en el top 20 en la encuesta de 2018, con solo 2 tendencias nuevas y apenas cambios en sus posiciones en ranking. Sin embargo, las diferencias son mucho mayores cuando se comparan con el top 20 de la encuesta internacional de 2018, con 8 tendencias diferentes (un 40%). Esto indica cierta divergencia de las tendencias de fitness en nuestro país y las tendencias globales del sector, mostrando una dinámica propia en el sector españolIn 2016 and 2017 the first National Surveys on Fitness Trends was carried out in Spain reproducing the methodology of the worldwide surveys about global fitness trends endorsed by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) since 2006. This study shows the findings of the third National Survey of Fitness Trends aimed at identifying the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector and their relevance in 2019. The opinion of 600 professionals in the fitness sector about 46 potential trends were gathered via an online questionnaire. The more relevant trends in the Spanish context for 2019 were «educated, certified and experienced fitness professionals», «functional training», «exercise and weight loss», «personal training», «high intensity interval training» and «body weight training». Trends in the Spanish fitness sector have been very stable in 2019 compared to those emerged in the top 20 in the 2018 survey, with only 2 new trends whereas the others remained almost unchanged in their ranking positions. However, differences were much greater when compared with the top 20 of the global survey of 2018, with 8 different trends (40%). This points to some divergences of fitness trend in our country and the global trends of the sector, showing a dynamic of its own in the Spanish secto

Modelling cross-reactivity and memory in the cellular adaptive immune response to influenza infection in the host

The cellular adaptive immune response plays a key role in resolving influenza infection. Experiments where individuals are successively infected with different strains within a short timeframe provide insight into the underlying viral dynamics and the role of a cross-reactive immune response in resolving an acute infection. We construct a mathematical model of within-host influenza viral dynamics including three possible factors which determine the strength of the cross-reactive cellular adaptive immune response: the initial naive T cell number, the avidity of the interaction between T cells and the epitopes presented by infected cells, and the epitope abundance per infected cell. Our model explains the experimentally observed shortening of a second infection when cross-reactivity is present, and shows that memory in the cellular adaptive immune response is necessary to protect against a second infection.Comment: 35 pages, 12 figure

The Role of Metropolitan Cooperation and Administrative Capacity in Subnational Debt Dynamics: Evidence From Municipal Mexico

Research on subnational capital markets in developing nations has tended to focus on designing regulatory frameworks that compensate for structural economic, fiscal, and political factors. However, research on public investment in the United States shows that functional factors, like administrative capacity and metropolitan cooperation, are also important. Using a panel dataset of Mexican municipal debt (2005–2012), the study examines whether metropolitan cooperation and administrative capacity affect subnational debt decisions in this developing nation. Cross‐sectional time‐series analysis of different types of municipal debt (public development bank loans, private commercial bank debt, bond emissions, and trust instruments) reveals that municipalities in metropolitan areas avoid costlier credits but that they do not cooperate to access cheaper loans. The research reveals that administrative capacity plays little to no role in municipal debt decisions

Produção orgânica de calêndula: um estudo de caso.

Apresenta-se caracterização do processo de produção agrícola orgânica de Calendula officinalis L. no Estado de Santa Catarina, evidenciando particularidades e discrepâncias frente aos modelos já descritos na literatura especializada, a partir de visitas a campo, observação participante e entrevistas com um produtor de plantas medicinais. Identificaram-se como principais particularidades a saúde na agricultura familiar, demonstrada pela prática da cultura orgânica, além do controle de pragas e manuseio da produção. Os principais problemas ou divergências evidenciados foram: características do solo; época de plantio da calêndula e suas etapas posteriores, como transplante e floração. Aspectos da colheita foram discrepantes quanto ao período do dia indicado para o procedimento, bem como a ausência de informações do produtor quanto à existência de outros incentivos governamentais ao setor agrícola. Recomenda-se aos extensionistas rurais e/ou instituições competentes que busquem orientar os produtores orgânicos de calêndula para promover a adequação das práticas de cultivo dessa espécie medicinal

The interplay between vector microbial community and pathogen transmission on the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus: current knowledge and future directions

The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is nowadays broadly distributed with established populations in all continents except Antarctica. In the invaded areas, this species represents an important nuisance for humans and, more relevant, it is involved in the local transmission of pathogens relevant under a public health perspective. Aedes albopictus is a competent vector of parasites such as Dirofilaria and viruses including dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus, among others. The mosquito microbiota has been identified as one of the major drivers of vector competence, acting upon relevant vector functions as development or immunity. Here, we review the available literature on the interaction between Ae. albopictus microbiota and pathogen transmission and identify the knowledge gaps on the topic. Most studies are strictly focused on the interplay between pathogens and Wolbachia endosymbiont while studies screening whole microbiota are still scarce but increasing in recent years, supported on Next-generation sequencing tools. Most experimental trials use lab-reared mosquitoes or cell lines, exploring the molecular mechanisms of the microbiota-pathogen interaction. Yet, correlational studies on wild populations are underrepresented. Consequently, we still lack sufficient evidence to reveal whether the microbiota of introduced populations of Ae. albopictus differ from those of native populations, or how microbiota is shaped by different environmental and anthropic factors, but especially, how these changes affect the ability of Ae. albopictus to transmit pathogens and favor the occurrence of outbreaks in the colonized areas. Finally, we propose future research directions on this research topic.This study was financed by the PID2020-118205GB-I00 grant to JM-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. MGarrido was supported by the María Zambrano program and JV received financial support from the Margarita Salas and Juan de la Cierva programs. MGarrigós was supported by a FPI grant (PRE2021-098544)

COMPARISON OF THE SWIMMING START PERFORMANCE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND RELAY FREESTYLE RACES

The aim of the present study was to compare the swimming start performances between individual and relay events in freestyle races. Competitors who took part in both the individual 100m freestyle and the 4×100m freestyle relay races during the LEN 2017 European Junior Championships were analysed in the present study. The results indicated that swimmers performed 6.92% faster 15m start time in relay race versus the individual freestyle race and the difference seemed to be due to the longer reaction time from the race beginning. Coaches and swimmers would be suggested to try to optimize their relay starting performance in order to take more benefit on flight, underwater and swimming phases compare to individual start

Editorial: Ecological interactions between mosquitoes and their microbiota: implications for pathogen transmission

This study was financed by the PID2020-118205GB-I00 grant from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Additional support derived from the CNS2022-135993 grant financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU. MG was supported by the María Zambrano program and the P9 program for the reincorporation of Doctors funded by Spanish Ministry of Universities, the European Union-NextGenerationEU, and the University of Granada. Complementary, Complementary, MG is currently financed by the PID2022-137746NAI00 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU.” JV received financial support from the Juan de la Cierva program (FJC2021-048057-I) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. GM was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Project Evasion)

Quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia: contributions of disease symptoms, lifestyle and multi-medication

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disease characterized by the presence of chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, which causes a high negative impact on the quality of life (QoL). Although there are many studies about the QoL of patients with FM, it is unknown which variables have a main influence on it. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine which FM symptoms predict a worse QoL and also to establish whether lifestyle and multi-medication are associated to QoL.We assessed a sample of 134 women with FM using a semi-structured clinical interview to explore lifestyle (diet, exercise, smoking) and medication use, and questionnaires to cover the main symptoms of this disease and QoL (SF-36).We found that the patients with FM had a poor QoL, being “physical pain” and “vitality” the most affected domains. A linear regression analysis showed that depression and anxiety assessed by HADS were the FM symptoms which most significantly predicted QoL, explaining 49% of the variance. Concerning lifestyle/medication influences, we found that multiple drug treatment and smoking also predicted a worse QoL (14%). Moreover, patients who practiced exercise regularly showed better QoL than patients who did not (regardless of the severity of FM). Thus, our results suggest that treatment strategies to improve QoL in FM should be focused on improving psychological distress, promoting regular exercise and reducing smoking and multi-medication. The data highlights the role of positive self-management practices to improve QoL in FMThis study has been funded by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; ref PSI2016-75313- R) and Galician Government (IDT Plan. Grant 2021-PG011). In addition, NS-V was supported by a grant from the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; grant number: BES-2017-082684)S

Neural correlates of cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia patients: Reduced brain electrical activity during the execution of a cognitive control task

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a generalized chronic pain syndrome of unknown aetiology. Although FM patients frequently complain of cognitive dysfunction, this is one of the least studied symptoms. Research on brain activity associated with the perceived cognitive impairment is particularly scarce. To address this gap, we recorded the brain electrical activity in participants during a cognitive control task.This study was supported by funding from from the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad; grant number PSI2013-45818-R] and from the Galician Government (Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion e Ordenacion Universitaria; axudas para a consolidacion e Estruturacion de unidades de investigacion competitivas do Sistema universitario de Galicia; grant number GPC 2014/047). A.G.V. was supported by a grant from Xunta de Galicia (Axudas de apoio a etapa de formacion posdoutoral 2018)

Usefulness of bone turnover markers as predictors of mortality risk, disease progression and skeletal-related events appearance in patients with prostate cancer with bone metastases following treatment with zoledronic acid: TUGAMO study

Owing to the limited validity of clinical data on the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and bone metastases, biochemical markers are a promising tool for predicting survival, disease progression and skeletal-related events (SREs) in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of biochemical markers of bone turnover for mortality risk, disease progression and SREs in patients with PCa and bone metastases undergoing treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA). Methods: This was an observational, prospective and multicenter study in which ninety-eight patients were included. Patients were treated with ZA (4mg every 4 weeks for 18 months). Data were collected at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months after the beginning of treatment. Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphtase (BALP), aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (P1NP) and beta-isomer of carboxiterminal telopeptide of collagen I (b-CTX) were analysed at all points in the study. Data on disease progression, SREs development and survival were recorded. Results: Cox regression models with clinical data and bone markers showed that the levels of the three markers studied were predictive of survival time, with b-CTX being especially powerful, in which a lack of normalisation in visit 1 (3 months after the beginning of treatment) showed a 6.3-times more risk for death than in normalised patients. Levels of these markers were also predictive for SREs, although in this case BALP and P1NP proved to be better predictors. We did not find any relationship between bone markers and disease progression. Conclusion: In patients with PCa and bone metastases treated with ZA, b-CTX and P1NP can be considered suitable predictors for mortality risk, while BALP and P1NP are appropriate for SREs. The levels of these biomarkers 3 months after the beginning of treatment are especially importantThis study was supported by Novartis Oncology Spai