Decision-making in school-age sport measured through a digital tool.

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido doble. Por un lado, diseñar y crear un software de evaluación de toma de decisiones en edad escolar, en base a aspectos espacio-temporales, contextualizado en voleibol, denominado “Juego Interactivo de Voleibol”. Por otro lado, analizar y establecer su fiabilidad y validez. El software diseñado se aplicó a una muestra de 132 escolares (64 niños y 68 niñas) de entre 10 y 13 años, de los centros educativos públicos de Educación Primaria y Secundaria de las localidades sevillanas de Arahal y Paradas (España). Para determinar la fiabilidad se estudió la consistencia interna a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Para calcular el número óptimo de repeticiones se utilizó el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase. La validez se comprobó en base a la evaluación de un grupo de 5 expertos. Los resultados indicaron que este nuevo software de evaluación alcanza altos niveles de fiablidad y validezThe aim of this study was twofold. On the one hand, the design and creation of an evaluation software for decision-making in school-age children based on spatial-temporal aspects in the context of volleyball called ‘Interactive Volleyball Game’. On the other hand, the analysis and establishment of its reliability and validity. The designed software was applied to a sample of 132 students (64 boys and 68 girls) aged between 10 and 13 years in public Elementary and Secondary Education schools of Seville towns, Arahal and Paradas (Spain). To determine the reliability, internal consistency was studied through Cronbach's alpha. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also analyzed to calculate the optimal number of repetitions for future research. The validity was tested based on the assessment of a group of 5 experts. The results indicated that this new evaluation software reaches high levels of reliability and validit

Effect of daily thermo- and photo-cycles of different light spectrum on the development of Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae

36 p., il., y bibliografíaThis paper investigates the impact of different thermo- and photo-cycles of distinct wavelengths on Solea senegalensis larvae from day 1 to 30 post-hatching. In experiment 1, larvae were exposed to 12h light:12h dark (12L:12D) cycle and (A) constant temperature (20.7°C), (B) thermocycle of 12h thermophase: 12h cryophase, 22.1°C day: 19.0°C night (referred to as TC) or (C) 12h cryophase: 12h thermophase, 19.2°C day: 22.0°C night (referred to as CT). In experiment 2, larvae were kept under constant temperature (20.8°C) and exposed to (A) continuous light (LL), (B) continuous darkness (DD), and LD 12L:12D cycles of (C) white light (LDW), (D) blue light (LDB) or (E) red light (LDR). The sole larvae achieved the best performance, and showed fastest development and lowest degree of deformity under natural thermocycle conditions (TC) with a deformity percentage of 31.1% and LDB cycles with 27.7% of malformation, conditions which were nearest their natural aquatic environment. Larvae reared under TC started eye migration at 9day post-hatching (DPH), while larvae exposed to CT started eye migration at 11 DPH. In larvae under the LDB treatment the migration of the eye started earlier than in the other treatments (9 DPH), while larvae reared under LL and DD photoperiods died before metamorphosis. These findings highlight the importance of light and temperature cycles during the early development of S. senegalensis larvae, which should be taken into consideration in experimental or rearing protocols.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) by projects “Circasole” AGL2007-66507-C02-02 and AQUAGENOMICS 28502 (Consolider-Ingenio Program), and SENECA by project 05690/PI/07 to Francisco Javier Sánchez Vázquez.Peer reviewe

Life cycle assessment of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) landed by purse seine vessels in northern Spain

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to assess the environmental impacts associated with the fishing operations related to European anchovy fishing in Cantabria (northern Spain) under a life cycle approach. Methods: The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied for this case study including construction, maintenance, use, and end of life of the vessels. The functional unit used was 1 kg of landed round anchovy at port. Inventory data were collected for the main inputs and outputs of 32 vessels, representing a majority of vessels in the fleet. Results and discussion: Results indicated, in a similar line to what is reported in the literature, that the production, transportation, and use of diesel were the main environmental hot spots in conventional impact categories. Moreover, in this case, the production and transportation of seine nets was also relevant. Impacts linked to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions suggest that emissions were in the upper range for fishing species captured with seine nets and the value of global warming potential (GWP) was 1.44 kg CO2 eq per functional unit. The ecotoxicity impacts were mainly due to the emissions of antifouling substances to the ocean. Regarding fishery-specific categories, many were discarded given the lack of detailed stock assessments for this fishery. Hence, only the biotic resource use category was computed, demonstrating that the ecosystems' effort to sustain the fishery is relatively low. Conclusions: The use of the LCA methodology allowed identifying the main environmental hot spots of the purse seining fleet targeting European anchovy in Cantabria. Individualized results per port or per vessel suggested that there are significant differences in GHG emissions between groups. In addition, fuel use is high when compared to similar fisheries. Therefore, research needs to be undertaken to identify why fuel use is so high, particularly if it is related to biomass and fisheries management or if skipper decisions could play a role.The authors thank the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government for their financial support via the project GeSAC-Conserva: Sustainable Management of the Cantabrian Anchovies (CTM2013-43539-R) and to Pedro Villanueva-Rey for valuable scientific exchange. Jara Laso thanks the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spanish Government for their financial support via the research fellowship BES-2014-069368 and to the Ministry of Rural Environment, Fisheries and Food of Cantabria for the data support. Dr. Ian Vázquez-Rowe thanks the Peruvian LCA Network for operational support. Reviewers are also thanked for the valuable and detailed suggestions. The work of Dr. Rosa M. Crujeiras has been funded by MTM2016-76969P (AEI/FEDER, UE)

Universal features of correlated bursty behaviour

Inhomogeneous temporal processes, like those appearing in human communications, neuron spike trains, and seismic signals, consist of high-activity bursty intervals alternating with long low-activity periods. In recent studies such bursty behavior has been characterized by a fat-tailed inter-event time distribution, while temporal correlations were measured by the autocorrelation function. However, these characteristic functions are not capable to fully characterize temporally correlated heterogenous behavior. Here we show that the distribution of the number of events in a bursty period serves as a good indicator of the dependencies, leading to the universal observation of power-law distribution in a broad class of phenomena. We find that the correlations in these quite different systems can be commonly interpreted by memory effects and described by a simple phenomenological model, which displays temporal behavior qualitatively similar to that in real systems

Nitrogen-carbon graphite-like semiconductor synthesized from uric acid

A new carbon-nitrogen organic semiconductor has been synthesized by pyrolysis of uric acid. This layered carbon-nitrogen material contains imidazole-, pyridine (naphthyridine)- and graphitic-like nitrogen, as evinced by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Quantum chemistry calculations support that it would consist of a 2D polymeric material held together by hydrogen bonds. Layers are stacked with an interplanar distance between 3.30 and 3.36 Å, as in graphite and coke. Terahertz spectroscopy shows a behavior similar to that of amorphous carbons, such as coke, with non-interacting layers. This material features substantial differences from polymeric carbon nitride, with some characteristics closer to those of nitrogen-doped graphene, in spite of its higher nitrogen content. The direct optical band gap, dependent on the polycondensation temperature, ranges from 2.10 to 2.32 eV. Although in general the degree of crystallinity is low, in the material synthesized at 600 °C some spots with a certain degree of crystallinity can be found

Cultivos de soja, frijol y maíz y consorcio de maíz y frijol bajo siembra directa: pérdidas de suelo y agua por erosión hídrica bajo lluvia simulada en Lages, SC, Brasil.

Diferentes sistemas de manejo dei sualo resultantes de dirferentes cultivos pueden provocar que el suelo está más o menos sujeto a la erosíon.Resumo expandido

Comparative study of paediatric prescription drug utilization between the spanish and immigrant population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The immigrant population has increased greatly in Spain in recent years to the point where immigrants made up 12% of the infant population in 2008. There is little information available on the profile of this group with regard to prescription drug utilization in universal public health care systems such as that operating in Spain. This work studies the overall and specific differences in prescription drug utilization between the immigrant and Spanish population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Use was made of the Aragonese Health Service databases for 2006. The studied population comprises 159,908 children aged 0-14 years, 13.6% of whom are foreign nationals. Different utilization variables were calculated for each group. Prescription-drug consumption is measured in Defined Daily Doses (DDD) and DDD/1000 persons/day/(DID).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 833,223 prescriptions were studied. Utilization is lower for immigrant children than in Spanish children for both DID (66.27 v. 113.67) and average annual expense (€21.55 v. €41.14). Immigrant children consume fewer prescription drugs than Spanish children in all of the therapy groups, with the most prescribed (in DID) being: respiratory system, anti-infectives for systemic use, nervous system, sensory organs. Significant differences were observed in relation to the type of drugs and the geographical background of immigrants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Prescription drug utilization is much greater in Spanish children than in immigrant children, particularly with reference to bronchodilators (montelukast and terbutaline) and attention-disorder hyperactivity drugs such as methylphenidate. There are important differences regarding drug type and depending on immigrants' geographical backgrounds that suggest there are social, cultural and access factors underlying these disparities.</p

Orbit Determination of Close Binary Systems using Lucky Imaging

We present relative positions of visual binaries observed during 2009 with the FastCam "lucky-imaging" camera at the 1.5-m Carlos Sanchez Telescope (TCS) at the Observatorio del Teide. We obtained 424 CCD observations (averaged in 198 mean relative positions) of 157 binaries with angular separations in the range 0.14-15.40", with a median separation of 0.51". For a given system, each CCD image represents the sum of the best 10-25% images from 1000-5000 short-exposure frames. Derived internal errors were 7 mas in r and 1.2^{\circ} (9 mas) in q. When comparing to systems with very well-known orbits, we find that the rms deviation in r residuals is 23 mas, while the rms deviation in q residuals is 0.73 deg/r. We confirmed 18 Hipparcos binaries and we report new companions to BVD 36 A and J 621 B. For binaries with preliminary orbital parameters, the relative radial velocity was estimated as well. We also present four new revised orbits computed for LDS 873, BU 627 A-BC, BU 628 and HO 197 AB. This work is the first results on visual binaries using the FastCam lucky-imaging camera.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 14 tables, accepted August 18th, 2011, to be published in MNRA

Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of Gravitational Wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory

On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first gravitational-wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy above 100 PeV from point-like sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about -65 deg. to +60 deg., and in particular from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level (CL) inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search for highly-inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth's crust (Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected within $\pm 500$ s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC) of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the non-observation we constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such remarkable events.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe

Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a multi-resolution search for anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with local zenith angles up to $80^\circ$ and energies in excess of 4 EeV ($4 \times 10^{18}$ eV). This search is conducted by measuring the angular power spectrum and performing a needlet wavelet analysis in two independent energy ranges. Both analyses are complementary since the angular power spectrum achieves a better performance in identifying large-scale patterns while the needlet wavelet analysis, considering the parameters used in this work, presents a higher efficiency in detecting smaller-scale anisotropies, potentially providing directional information on any observed anisotropies. No deviation from isotropy is observed on any angular scale in the energy range between 4 and 8 EeV. Above 8 EeV, an indication for a dipole moment is captured; while no other deviation from isotropy is observed for moments beyond the dipole one. The corresponding $p$-values obtained after accounting for searches blindly performed at several angular scales, are $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ in the case of the angular power spectrum, and $2.5 \times 10^{-3}$ in the case of the needlet analysis. While these results are consistent with previous reports making use of the same data set, they provide extensions of the previous works through the thorough scans of the angular scales.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe