El papel de la identidad de género en la conducta antisocial de los adolescentes

Background: Analysis of the relevance of the variables sex and gender to explain delinquency is a topic of growing interest in Criminology. This study tests a model of juvenile delinquency that integrates gender identity, the association with deviant peers, and a lack of attachment to conventional contexts. Method: We used a sample of 970 adolescents of both sexes, representative of the urban population, between 12 and 18 years, attending public schools in Galicia (Spain). Results: The results of path analysis confirm that: a) weak attachment to conventional contexts, and belonging to a deviant groups are precedents for deviation of adolescents of both sexes; b) these contexts also contribute to the development of gender identity; and c) gender identity affects the likelihood of deviation: femininity tends to reduce this behavior, and masculinity (in particular, negatively valued masculinity) contributes to increase it. Conclusions: These findings support the adequacy of including gender identity in the explanatory models of delinquency. They also suggest the need to reconsider the role of conventional settings in the socialization of masculinity and, therefore, in the genesis of adolescent delinquency of both sexesAntecedentes: partiendo del interés creciente que en Criminología parece tener el análisis de las variables sexo y género, este trabajo pone a prueba un modelo de la delincuencia juvenil que integra la identidad de género, la relación con iguales desviados y la ausencia de vinculación a contextos convencionales. Método: utilizamos una muestra de 970 adolescentes de ambos sexos, representativa de la población urbana, de entre 12 y 18 años, escolarizada en centros públicos de Galicia. Resultados: los resultados de los path análisis realizados confirman que: a) una débil vinculación a contextos convencionales y la pertenencia a un grupo desviado son antecedentes de la desviación de ambos sexos; b) estos contextos contribuyen al desarrollo de la identidad de género; y c) la identidad de género incide sobre la probabilidad de desviación: la feminidad tiende a reducirla mientras la masculinidad (especialmente los aspectos socialmente no deseables de la masculinidad) contribuye a incrementarla. Conclusiones: estos hallazgos avalan la conveniencia de incluir la identidad de género en los modelos explicativos de la delincuencia, así como la necesidad de replantearse el papel de los contextos convencionales en la socialización de la masculinidad y, por tanto, en la génesis de la delincuencia de ambos sexosS

Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose and/or Hemoglobin A1c 5.7% to 6.4%: Evidence for a Gradient According to Diagnostic Criteria. The PREDAPS Study

It has been suggested that the early detection of individuals with prediabetes can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current study was to examine the cardiometabolic risk profile in patients with prediabetes according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) criteria. Cross-sectional analysis from the 2022 patients in the Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS Study) was developed. Four glycemic status groups were defined based on American Diabetes Association criteria. Information about cardiovascular risk factors-body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glomerular filtration-and metabolic syndrome components were analyzed. Mean values of clinical and biochemical characteristics and frequencies of metabolic syndrome were estimated adjusting by age, sex, educational level, and family history of diabetes. A linear trend (P < 0.001) was observed in most of the cardiovascular risk factors and in all components of metabolic syndrome. Normoglycemic individuals had the best values, individuals with both criteria of prediabetes had the worst, and individuals with only one-HbA1c or FPG-criterion had an intermediate position. Metabolic syndrome was present in 15.0% (95% confidence interval: 12.6-17.4), 59.5% (54.0-64.9), 62.0% (56.0-68.0), and 76.2% (72.8-79.6) of individuals classified in normoglycemia, isolated HbA1c, isolated FPG, and both criteria groups, respectively. In conclusion, individuals with prediabetes, especially those with both criteria, have worse cardiometabolic risk profile than normoglycemic individuals. These results suggest the need to use both criteria in the clinical practice to identify those individuals with the highest cardiovascular risk, in order to offer them special attention with intensive lifestyle intervention programs

Evolución de pacientes con prediabetes en Atención Primaria de Salud (PREDAPS): resultados del primer año de seguimiento

En 2012, la Red de Grupos de Estudio de la Diabetes en Atención Primaria de la Salud (redGDPS) inició el Estudio PREDAPS con la finalidad de determinar la incidencia de diabetes en individuos con prediabetes e identificar los factores asociados al desarrollo de la enfermedad y de sus complicaciones. En la etapa basal se incluyeron 2022 participantes, formando dos cohortes: una cohorte de 838 sujetos sin alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa y otra cohorte de 1184 sujetos con prediabetes. Durante el año 2013 se realizó la primera visita de seguimiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar los principales resultados obtenidos en este primer año de seguimiento y evaluar la relación entre diversos factores registrados en la etapa basal y la incidencia de diabetes en la cohorte de sujetos con prediabetes

Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study)

Background: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, but little is known about the factors associated with this state. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the presence of prediabetes in men and women. Methods: Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study) is a prospective study on a cohort of 1184 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 subjects without glucose metabolism disorders. It is being conducted by 125 general practitioners in Spain. Data for this analysis were collected during the baseline stage in 2012. The modifiable risk factors included were: smoking habit, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, inadequate diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To assess independent association between each factor and prediabetes, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Abdominal obesity, low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of prediabetes in both men and women. After adjusting for all factors, the respective ORs (95% Confidence Intervals) were 1.98 (1.41-2.79), 1.88 (1.23-2.88) and 1.86 (1.39-2.51) for men, and 1.89 (1.36-2.62), 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.44 (1.07-1.92) for women. Also, general obesity was a risk factor in both sexes but did not reach statistical significance among men, after adjusting for all factors. Risky alcohol consumption was a risk factor for prediabetes in men, OR 1.49 (1.00-2.24). Conclusions: Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension were modifiable risk factors independently related to the presence of prediabetes in both sexes. The magnitudes of the associations were stronger for men than women. Abdominal obesity in both men and women displayed the strongest association with prediabetes. The findings suggest that there are some differences between men and women, which should be taken into account when implementing specific recommendations to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in adult population. Keywords: Prediabetes, Modifiable risk factors, Primary health care, Men, Women, Spai

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

El papel de la identidad de género en la conducta antisocial de los adolescentes

El papel de la identidad de género en la conducta antisocial de los adolescentes. Antecedentes: partiendo del interés creciente que en Criminología parece tener el análisis de las variables sexo y género, este trabajo pone a prueba un modelo de la delincuencia juvenil que integra la identidad de género, la relación con iguales desviados y la ausencia de vinculación a contextos convencionales. Método: utilizamos una muestra de 970 adolescentes de ambos sexos, representativa de la población urbana, de entre 12 y 18 años, escolarizada en centros públicos de Galicia. Resultados: los resultados de los path análisis realizados confirman que: a) una débil vinculación a contextos convencionales y la pertenencia a un grupo desviado son antecedentes de la desviación de ambos sexos; b) estos contextos contribuyen al desarrollo de la identidad de género; y c) la identidad de género incide sobre la probabilidad de desviación: la feminidad tiende a reducirla mientras la masculinidad (especialmente los aspectos socialmente no deseables de la masculinidad) contribuye a incrementarla. Conclusiones: estos hallazgos avalan la conveniencia de incluir la identidad de género en los modelos explicativos de la delincuencia, así como la necesidad de replantearse el papel de los contextos convencionales en la socialización de la masculinidad y, por tanto, en la génesis de la delincuencia de ambos sexos.Background: Analysis of the relevance of the variables sex and gender to explain delinquency is a topic of growing interest in Criminology. This study tests a model of juvenile delinquency that integrates gender identity, the association with deviant peers, and a lack of attachment to conventional contexts. Method: We used a sample of 970 adolescents of both sexes, representative of the urban population, between 12 and 18 years, attending public schools in Galicia (Spain). Results: The results of path analysis confirm that: a) weak attachment to conventional contexts, and belonging to a deviant groups are precedents for deviation of adolescents of both sexes; b) these contexts also contribute to the development of gender identity; and c) gender identity affects the likelihood of deviation: femininity tends to reduce this behavior, and masculinity (in particular, negatively valued masculinity) contributes to increase it. Conclusions: These findings support the adequacy of including gender identity in the explanatory models of delinquency. They also suggest the need to reconsider the role of conventional settings in the socialization of masculinity and, therefore, in the genesis of adolescent delinquency of both sexes

Psicothema

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónAntecedentes: partiendo del interés creciente que en Criminología parece tener el análisis de las variables sexo y género, este trabajo pone a prueba un modelo de la delincuencia juvenil que integra la identidad de género, la relación con iguales desviados y la ausencia de vinculación a contextos convencionales. Método: utilizamos una muestra de 970 adolescentes de ambos sexos, representativa de la población urbana, de entre 12 y 18 años, escolarizada en centros públicos de Galicia. Resultados: los resultados de los path análisis realizados confirman que: a) una débil vinculación a contextos convencionales y la pertenencia a un grupo desviado son antecedentes de la desviación de ambos sexos; b) estos contextos contribuyen al desarrollo de la identidad de género; y c) la identidad de género incide sobre la probabilidad de desviación: la feminidad tiende a reducirla mientras la masculinidad (especialmente los aspectos socialmente no deseables de la masculinidad) contribuye a incrementarla. Conclusiones: estos hallazgos avalan la conveniencia de incluir la identidad de género en los modelos explicativos de la delincuencia, así como la necesidad de replantearse el papel de los contextos convencionales en la socialización de la masculinidad y, por tanto, en la génesis de la delincuencia de ambos sexos.Universidad de Oviedo. Biblioteca de Psicología; Plaza Feijoo, s/n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126; [email protected]

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERVENTIONS OF THE HUMANIZED CARE OF THE NURSE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Trabajo AcadémicoMaterial y método el diseño es revisión sistemática – integralizada, cualitativos – descriptivos, transversal y proyecto descriptivo; de artículos con texto completo, identificados con calidad según el Sistema Grade. Con población conformada por 10 artículos de las siguientes bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, Index, Cochrane Library, Dialnet, Scielo, y Lilacs. De los siguientes países, España 30% (3/10), Chile 20% (2/10), Colombia 20% (2/10), Tailandia 10% (1/10), Canadá 10% (1/10) y México 10% (1/10); asimismo, los estudios científicos revisados fueron de diseño revisión integradora (1/10) sistemática 60% (6/10), cualitativos (2/10) y proyecto descriptivo en 10% (1/10). Los Resultados de los 10 artículos revisados, el 100% evidenciaron la eficacia sobre los diferentes cuidados humanos en pacientes encontrados en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Concluyendo que 10 de 10 artículos revisados evidencian cuidados con integralidad, comunicación empática, calidad por modelos holísticos, individualizada, solidarios, generosos, por interacción con escucha activa y liderazgo, porque cuanto el familiar toma roles junto a enfermería, se defienden sus necesidades e intereses ajustados al régimen de visitas familiares, se motivan diferencias entre humanizar y deshumanizar por la óptica de lo social y las tecnologías, que dificultad a la enfermera en relacionarse con la calidad técnica - científica, relegando las emocionales

FACTORES SOCIOECONÓMICOS Y CULTURALES QUE DETERMINAN EL CONSUMO DE CARNE DE BOVINO EN CIUDAD JUÁREZ, CHIHUAHUA

A questionnaire was applied in Juárez city, Chihuahua; in order to evaluate the socioeconomic factors related to the consumption of bovine meat. It is a border city, located in the Northern border of Mexico, is contiguous with the city of the Paso, Texas, USA. 1,505 questionnaires to buyers from ten stores owned by a national chain of supermarkets randomly selected were applied to obtain the data. The measured variables were: type of meat, the cuts, the amount of consumption, place of purchase and reason of consumption, and indicators of quality related to the income, the structure and size of the family, level of study of the parents. The information was analyzed with the exact test of Fisher, in statistical package SPSS. The results showed that 85.4% of the families consume single bovine meat or in combination with another type of meat. Of this percentage, 41.7% combines it chicken meat, 27.9% with poultry and fish, 12.6% only consumes bovine meat and 16.7% consumes combined bovine meats,chicken, pig and/or fish. The consumption of fish meat represents 36.4% of the consumption of meats this reflects the effect of immigrations to this border. The 90.9% of the families lives in sectors classified like Popular and Economic, the 9.1%, belongs to the Average stratum. Considering the entire stratums, 57.3% consume bovine meat combined with chicken meat and fish, the 42.7% rest combines the consumption of bovine meats, chicken, pig and fish. There is a dependency between the income and the type of meat that is consumed (P<0.001), the 54.0% of the families perceive between $4.5 to$9.0 thousands pesos monthly 27.1% of thefamilies has an income between $10.5 and more than the$15.0 and 18.9% has an income of less than $3.0 thousands pesos and in this layer is where the combined consumption of bovine meat,chicken and fish predominates. The purchase of bovine meat is related to Familiar Tradition,the Readiness to cook and Price (46.3, 42.7 and 28.9%), there is a strong resemblance with reasons found in the four cities that were surveyed, so much in the rural cities as in the State Capital. The color and the consistency are strongly considered to evaluate the quality of the bovine meat; this also is similar to the criteria selected in the other cities. The purchase predominates of cut popular: like Ground special, Milanese, the seven Cutlet of and Pulp Ball; and in there is smaller amount of purchase of select cuts: Sirloin and T-bone. The purchases of select and popular cuts of bovine meat are realized in supermarkets in 83.9%.The consumed amount of meat of bovine by week is interrelated with the size of the family(P<0.001). 36.7% consume between 1 and 2 kg of beef by week, 34.4% consume more than 2kg and 28.9% consume 1 kg or less as large, 79.5% of the families have of 2 to 5 members. .82.1% of the times is the mother who decides the type of meat to buy, existing dependency between the level of studies of the mother and the amount consumed of bovine meat in a weekly basis. 59.9% of the mothers have elementary and high school equivalent studies, 40.2% have superior education (University) or medium superior levels of study (Junior college). This information can be used by the producers bovine meat that must know the market and be able to adjust their productive processes to the demands of the consumers to have greater participation in the benefits generated by the commercialization; developing alliances with the supermarket chains

Antifungal and antiprotozoal green amino acid-based rhamnolipids: Mode of action, antibiofilm efficiency and selective activity against resistant Candida spp. strains and Acanthamoeba castellanii

Nowadays, infections caused by fungi and protists constitute a serious problem for public health services. The limited number of treatment options coupled with the increasing number of resistant microorganisms makes necessary the development of new non-toxic antifungal and antiprotozoal agents. Cationic amino acid-based rhamnolipids have been recently prepared by our group and exhibited good antibacterial activity. In this work, the antifungal, antibiofilm and antiprotozoal activity of these new rhamnolipids was investigated against a collection of fluconazole-resistant strains of different Candida species and Acanthamoeba castellanii, respectively. The arginine-RLs exhibited good antifungal activity against all fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. strains tested at MICs ranging from 6.5 to 20.7 mg/L. Their mechanism of action involves alterations in the permeability of the cell membranes that provoke death by apoptosis. The Arginine based-RLs also disperse Candida biofilms at low concentrations, similar to the MICs. All RLs tested (anionic and cationic) showed antiprotozoal activity, the arginine derivatives had the best activity killing the Acanthamoeba castellanii at concentrations of 4 mg/L. Interestingly, these surfactants have a wide range of action against yeast and A. castellanii in which they do not show toxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts. These results indicate that these new rhamnolipids have a sufficiently wide safety margin to be considered good candidates for several pharmaceutical applications such as combating fungal resistance and microbial biofilms and the formulation of antiprotozoal drugs.This work was financed by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain, grants CTQ2017-88948-P and CTQ2014-59632-R and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).Peer reviewe