649 research outputs found
A US Perspective on Innovation Policy: What it Will Take to Regain America's Technological Edge
From its very conception, IIASA's Management and Technology Area has been interested in industrial policy issues. This interest increased after the Innovation Management Task started its work. Several collaborative papers have been written which address the problem of industrial policy in different countries or some industrial branches.
In spite of the fact that this paper by was written two years ago, it is an excellent introduction into the US scene where industrial policy discussions are an important issue. The interesting issue which is raised concerns the longer-term horizon in government and company activities and their implementation. This is particularly relevant to industrial restructuring which challenges most of the industrially developed and developing countries in the years to come. Therefore this paper is very relevant in solving many recent policy issues
The Communicative Functions of Language: An Exploration of Roman Jakobson’s Theory in TESOL
Language is an essential instrument of human expression and communication. In the field of TESOL, much attention is given to the what (vocabulary as building blocks) and the how (grammar as a blueprint for construction) but we seldom explicitly address why language matters in terms of the greater purpose it serves. Roman Jakobson’s model of the communicative functions of language is a compelling framework through which the overarching aims of language can be examined for richer ESL/EFL instruction and more effective, comprehensive use on the part of English language learners. This paper is an exposition and exploration of the model in parts and in tandem, as well as a guide to applying its referential, conative, emotive, phatic, poetic and metalinguistic functions in TESOL contexts
Forced Convection Through a Laminar Boundary Layer over an Arbitrary Surface with an Arbitrary Temperature Variation
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77546/1/AIAA-3274-997.pd
Virial statistical description of non-extensive hierarchical systems
In a first part the scope of classical thermodynamics and statistical
mechanics is discussed in the broader context of formal dynamical systems,
including computer programmes. In this context classical thermodynamics appears
as a particular theory suited to a subset of all dynamical systems. A
statistical mechanics similar to the one derived with the microcanonical
ensemble emerges from dynamical systems provided it contains, 1) a finite
non-integrable part of its phase space which is, 2) ergodic at a satisfactory
degree after a finite time. The integrable part of phase space provides the
constraints that shape the particular system macroscopical properties, and the
chaotic part provides well behaved statistical properties over a relevant
finite time. More generic semi-ergodic systems lead to intermittent behaviour,
thus may be unsuited for a statistical description of steady states. Following
these lines of thought, in a second part non-extensive hierarchical systems
with statistical scale-invariance and power law interactions are explored. Only
the virial constraint, consistent with their microdynamics, is included. No
assumptions of classical thermodynamics are used, in particular extensivity and
local homogeneity. In the limit of a large hierarchical range new constraints
emerge in some conditions that depend on the interaction law range. In
particular for the gravitational case, a velocity-site scaling relation is
derived which is consistant with the ones empirically observed in the fractal
interstellar medium.Comment: Based on the talk given at the Meeting on `Statistical Mechanics of
Non-Extensive Systems', 24-25 Oct 05, Paris. To be published in a Special
Issue of Les Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. 21 pages; 4 figure
Natural selection maximizes Fisher information
In biology, information flows from the environment to the genome by the
process of natural selection. But it has not been clear precisely what sort of
information metric properly describes natural selection. Here, I show that
Fisher information arises as the intrinsic metric of natural selection and
evolutionary dynamics. Maximizing the amount of Fisher information about the
environment captured by the population leads to Fisher's fundamental theorem of
natural selection, the most profound statement about how natural selection
influences evolutionary dynamics. I also show a relation between Fisher
information and Shannon information (entropy) that may help to unify the
correspondence between information and dynamics. Finally, I discuss possible
connections between the fundamental role of Fisher information in statistics,
biology, and other fields of science.Comment: Published version freely available at DOI listed her
Consistency of the Shannon entropy in quantum experiments
The consistency of the Shannon entropy, when applied to outcomes of quantum
experiments, is analysed. It is shown that the Shannon entropy is fully
consistent and its properties are never violated in quantum settings, but
attention must be paid to logical and experimental contexts. This last remark
is shown to apply regardless of the quantum or classical nature of the
experiments.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX2e/REVTeX4. V5: slightly different than the published
versio
Efficient data processing and quantum phenomena: Single-particle systems
We study the relation between the acquisition and analysis of data and
quantum theory using a probabilistic and deterministic model for photon
polarizers. We introduce criteria for efficient processing of data and then use
these criteria to demonstrate that efficient processing of the data contained
in single events is equivalent to the observation that Malus' law holds. A
strictly deterministic process that also yields Malus' law is analyzed in
detail. We present a performance analysis of the probabilistic and
deterministic model of the photon polarizer. The latter is an adaptive
dynamical system that has primitive learning capabilities. This additional
feature has recently been shown to be sufficient to perform event-by-event
simulations of interference phenomena, without using concepts of wave
mechanics. We illustrate this by presenting results for a system of two chained
Mach-Zehnder interferometers, suggesting that systems that perform efficient
data processing and have learning capability are able to exhibit behavior that
is usually attributed to quantum systems only.Comment: http://www.compphys.net/dl
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